主题30　地球与宇宙奥秘探索

主题群十宇宙探索主题30地球与宇宙奥秘探索对接教材人教版必修第三册Unit4Spaceexploration外研版选择性必修第四册Unit5Intotheunknown;Unit6Spaceandbeyond译林版选择性必修第三册Unit2Outofthisworld说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇【主题语料·分类群记】一、天体星球1.distancen. 遥远,久远;距离;差异;疏远distantadj. 遥远的;远房的;冷淡的distantlyadv. 远离地;疏远地2.equatorn. 赤道3.globaladj. 全球的;全世界的globallyadv. 全球地;全局地;世界上globen. 地球;地球仪;球体globalizevt. 使全球化globalizationn. 全球化4.gravityn. 重力,地球引力5.lunaradj. 阴历的;月球的;月亮的6.Marsn. 火星7.planetn. 行星8.shinevi. 发光;反光;照耀9.solaradj. 太阳的,和太阳有关的;(与)太阳能(有关)的10.sunlightn. 阳光11.universen. 宇宙;世界;领域universaladj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的universallyadv. 普遍地;到处二、航空航天1.aboardadv.&prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)2.absolutelyadv. 绝对地;当然3.airspacen. 领空,空域4.alienn. 外星人(生物);外国人adj. 陌生的;外星的;外国的5.astronautn. 宇航员,航天员6.astronomyn. 天文学astronomern. 天文学家7.atmospheren. 大气层;空气;环境,氛围8.boostn. 增长v. 促进,推动9.capsulen. (装有药物的)胶囊;太空舱10.crashvt.&vi. 碰撞;撞击n. 撞车;碰撞11.crewn. (飞机、轮船等上的)全体工作人员12.decaden. 十年,十年期13.dominatevi.&vt. 支配,控制dominationn. 控制;支配14.flightn. 飞翔;飞行;班机;航班;空中旅行15.floatvi. 飘动;漂流;浮vt. 使浮动,使漂流16.forecastv.&n. 预测,预报17.fortunen. 机会,运气;大笔的钱fortunateadj. 幸运的fortunatelyadv. 幸运地unfortunatelyadv. 不幸地18.giantadj. 巨大的;伟大的n. 巨人;巨兽;伟人19.hydrogenn. 氢,氢气20.indicatev. 表明,显示;象征,暗示indicationn. 迹象;标示21.leadershipn. 领导;领导地位22.mankindn. 人类23.missionn. 任务;职责;使命24.orbitn. (天体等运行的)轨道;势力范围vt.&vi. 沿轨道运行;围绕……运动25.owevt. 欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于;归因于26.oxygenn. 氧;氧气27.pacen. 速度;进度28.peakn. 顶峰;山峰;尖形adj. 高峰时期的29.pilotn. 飞行员;领航员30.predictvt. 预测;预言;预料predictionn. 预测;预言31.rocketn. 火箭;火箭弹32.satelliten. 人造卫星;卫星33.shuttlen. 航天飞机;来往于两地的航班(或班车、火车)vi. 频繁往来(于两地之间)34.spacecraftn. 航天器;宇宙飞船35.spaceshipn. 宇宙飞船36.spacewalkn. 太空行走37.telescopen. 望远镜38.tendvi. 趋向,倾向;往往会vi.&vt. 照料,照管vt. 招待,照料(酒店、酒吧等的顾客)tendencyn. 倾向39.varyvi. (根据情况)变化,变更;相异,不同vt. (略为)变更,改变variousadj. 各种各样的;多方面的varietyn. 多样;种类;变化,多样化variationn. 变化;变体;变奏曲40.worthwhileadj. 值得做的;值得花时间的worthn. 价值;作用adj. 值得的worthyadj. 值得的;有价值的三、主题词块1.resultin 导致;造成2.lookinto 调查(问题)3.blockout 挡住(光线)4.inviewof 鉴于,考虑到5.bebeneficialto... 对……有益6.carryon 继续做;坚持干7.provideforsb 为某人提供生活所需8.setout 出发;启程;(怀着目标)开始工作9.inthehopeofdoing... 抱着做……的希望10.throwoneselfinto 积极投入到……中去;热衷于11.onboard 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上12.in/underthecircumstances 在这种情况下;既然如此13.soasto.../inorderto... 以便……;为了……14.enablesbtodosth 使某人能够做某事15.laythefoundationfor 为……打下基础16.morethan 多于;不仅仅;非常,岂止17.onthewhole 大体上;基本上18.oneafteranother 一个接一个地四、主题佳句1.the+序数词+n.+todo...第几个做……Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.后来,苏联致力于把人送入太空,1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。2.therebe+n.+that...There’sevidencethatevolutionwouldworkthesamewayeverywhere,soit’sactuallyquitelikelythatlifeonotherplanetswouldinmanywayslooklikeus.有证据表明,进化在任何地方都会以同样的方式进行,所以实际上很可能其他星球上的生命在很多方面都与我们相似。3.“nomatter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句Sonomatterwhatkindofdifficultiestheyencounter,theChinesepeoplewillcontinuetomakepeacefuluseofspaceandengageinactivitiesforthebenefitofmankind.因此,无论遇到何种困难,中国人民都将继续和平利用太空,并开展造福人类的各项活动。4.动词-ing形式短语作主语Attendingthiseventreallybroadenedmyhorizonsandhelpedmegainadeeperunderstandingofspaceexploration.参加这次活动真的开阔了我的眼界,帮助我对太空探索有了更深入的理解。【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobal(globe)coverage.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)2.Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately(fortunate),thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)3.Duringtoday’strip,youwillbeblessedwithachancetoseeawidevariety(vary)offlowersinbloom.4.Ifsomethingbadhappensonaparticularday,peoplehaveatendency(tend)toassociatethatdaywiththenegativeevent.5.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictions(predict)aboutlifetoday.(2021·浙江1月卷)6.BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtoolthatgivesanindication(indicate)ofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.(2021·浙江1月卷)7.Thecompanyhasstruggledtomaintainitsdomination(dominate)inthemarket.8.Independenceisanotherwordforfreedom,whichisauniversal(universe)valuecherishedbyallpeople.Ⅱ.语境辨义1.选出distant的汉语意思A.adj.遥远的;远处的B.adj.远房的C.adj.冷淡的 D.adj.久远的①However,afterIwenttohighschool,somehowIbecamedistantfromhim.(2022·全国甲卷)C②ItwasonlyafterafamilyconversationthatIfoundoutshewasactuallymydistantcousin.B③Lastsummer’sdroughtisadistantmemory.D④Lookingsoutheastwards,theycouldseethedistantmountains.A2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思①“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.(全国Ⅲ卷)vt.提出,提请考虑(想法或计划)②Whatannoyedhimwasthathisleghurt,hecouldhardlywalkevenonepace.n.一步③Asyouknow,weneedextrahelpduringthepeaksummerseason.adj.高峰时期的④Fortwodaysandnightshedidnotclosehiseyesashetendedthechild.vt.照顾,照料Ⅲ.补全句子1.Theyareexperimentingwithgrowingcropsinspacesoasto/inordertohelpastronautsgetenoughfoodonlongerjourneysthroughspace.

他们正在尝试在太空中种植作物,以帮助宇航员在更长时间的太空旅程中获得足够的食物。2.Astheyweredeterminedtocompletethejobontime,theysetouttoworkimmediately.

由于他们决心按时完成这项任务,他们立即开始了工作。3.Actually,IamsokeenonspaceexplorationthatIregularlygotothelibraryinthehopeofgainingsufficientknowledgeabouttheuniverse.

事实上,我非常热衷于太空探索,以至于我经常去图书馆,希望能够获得充足的有关宇宙的知识。4.Studyingthestarsandplanetsisbeneficialtoourunderstandingoftheuniverse’sformation.

研究恒星和行星有助于我们理解宇宙的形成。5.Establishingaspacestationisasignificantmilestoneinhumanspaceexploration.(动词-ing形式短语作主语)

建立空间站是人类太空探索的重要里程碑。6.Asisknowntous,YangLiweiisthefirstChineseastronauttobesentintospace.(the+序数词+n.+todo...)

众所周知,杨利伟是第一个被送入太空的中国航天员。【默写主题单词】一、天体星球1.distancen. 遥远,久远;距离;差异;疏远distantadj. 遥远的;远房的;冷淡的distantlyadv. 远离地;疏远地2.equatorn. 赤道3.globaladj. 全球的;全世界的globallyadv. 全球地;全局地;世界上globen. 地球;地球仪;球体globalizevt. 使全球化globalizationn. 全球化4.gravityn. 重力,地球引力5.lunaradj. 阴历的;月球的;月亮的6.Marsn. 火星7.planetn. 行星8.shinevi. 发光;反光;照耀9.solaradj. 太阳的,和太阳有关的;(与)太阳能(有关)的10.sunlightn. 阳光11.universen. 宇宙;世界;领域universaladj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的universallyadv. 普遍地;到处二、航空航天1.aboardadv.&prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)2.absolutelyadv. 绝对地;当然3.airspacen. 领空,空域4.alienn. 外星人(生物);外国人adj. 陌生的;外星的;外国的5.astronautn. 宇航员,航天员6.astronomyn. 天文学astronomern. 天文学家7.atmospheren. 大气层;空气;环境,氛围8.boostn. 增长v. 促进,推动9.capsulen. (装有药物的)胶囊;太空舱10.crashvt.&vi. 碰撞;撞击n. 撞车;碰撞11.crewn. (飞机、轮船等上的)全体工作人员12.decaden. 十年,十年期13.dominatevi.&vt. 支配,控制dominationn. 控制;支配14.flightn. 飞翔;飞行;班机;航班;空中旅行15.floatvi. 飘动;漂流;浮vt. 使浮动,使漂流16.forecastv.&n. 预测,预报17.fortunen. 机会,运气;大笔的钱fortunateadj. 幸运的fortunatelyadv. 幸运地unfortunatelyadv. 不幸地18.giantadj. 巨大的;伟大的n. 巨人;巨兽;伟人19.hydrogenn. 氢,氢气20.indicatev. 表明,显示;象征,暗示indicationn. 迹象;标示21.leadershipn. 领导;领导地位22.mankindn. 人类23.missionn. 任务;职责;使命24.orbitn. (天体等运行的)轨道;势力范围vt.&vi. 沿轨道运行;围绕……运动25.owevt. 欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于;归因于26.oxygenn. 氧;氧气27.pacen. 速度;进度28.peakn. 顶峰;山峰;尖形adj. 高峰时期的29.pilotn. 飞行员;领航员30.predictvt. 预测;预言;预料predictionn. 预测;预言31.rocketn. 火箭;火箭弹32.satelliten. 人造卫星;卫星33.shuttlen. 航天飞机;来往于两地的航班(或班车、火车)vi. 频繁往来(于两地之间)34.spacecraftn. 航天器;宇宙飞船35.spaceshipn. 宇宙飞船36.spacewalkn. 太空行走37.telescopen. 望远镜38.tendvi. 趋向,倾向;往往会vi.&vt. 照料,照管vt. 招待,照料(酒店、酒吧等的顾客)tendencyn. 倾向39.varyvi. (根据情况)变化,变更;相异,不同vt. (略为)变更,改变variousadj. 各种各样的;多方面的varietyn. 多样;种类;变化,多样化variationn. 变化;变体;变奏曲40.worthwhileadj. 值得做的;值得花时间的worthn. 价值;作用adj. 值得的worthyadj. 值得的;有价值的【默写主题词块】1.resultin 导致;造成

2.lookinto 调查(问题)

3.blockout 挡住(光线)

4.inviewof 鉴于,考虑到

5.bebeneficialto... 对……有益

6.carryon 继续做;坚持干

7.provideforsb 为某人提供生活所需

8.setout 出发;启程;(怀着目标)开始工作

9.inthehopeofdoing... 抱着做……的希望

10.throwoneselfinto 积极投入到……中去;热衷于

11.onboard 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上

12.in/underthecircumstances

在这种情况下;既然如此13.soasto.../inorderto... 以便……;为了……

14.enablesbtodosth 使某人能够做某事

15.laythefoundationfor 为……打下基础

16.morethan 多于;不仅仅;非常,岂止

17.onthewhole 大体上;基本上

18.oneafteranother 一个接一个地

【默写主题佳句】1.Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.(the+序数词+n.+todo...)

后来,苏联致力于把人送入太空,1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。2.There’sevidencethatevolutionwouldworkthesamewayeverywhere,soit’sactuallyquitelikelythatlifeonotherplanetswouldinmanywayslooklikeus.(therebe+n.+that...)

有证据表明,进化在任何地方都会以同样的方式进行,所以实际上很可能其他星球上的生命在很多方面都与我们相似。3.Sonomatterwhatkindofdifficultiestheyencounter,theChinesepeoplewillcontinuetomakepeacefuluseofspaceandengageinactivitiesforthebenefitofmankind.(“nomatter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句)

因此,无论遇到何种困难,中国人民都将继续和平利用太空,并开展造福人类的各项活动。4.Attendingthiseventreallybroadenedmyhorizonsandhelpedmegainadeeperunderstandingofspaceexploration.(动词-ing形式短语作主语)

参加这次活动真的开阔了我的眼界,帮助我对太空探索有了更深入的理解。1.distancen.距离(空间的)遥远;(时间的)久远;疏远(distantadj.远的;远处的;疏远的)先运用单句语法填空/补全句子①ToEva,“amile”wasusedtodescribelongdistances(distant).(2024·浙江1月卷)②Weheldafruit-pickingactivitylastweekendonafarmwhichwasatadistanceoftwokilometresfromourschool.(活动介绍;全国Ⅱ卷)③Youcanalsovisitthecitymuseum,whichiswithinwalkingdistanceofthehotelwhereyoustay.(建议信)

你也可以参观城市博物馆,它就在你住的酒店的步行距离之内。后牢记用法归纳inthedistance 在远处at/fromadistance 隔一段距离;从远处atadistanceof 在……远的地方keepsbatadistance 对某人冷淡;与某人疏远withinwalkingdistance 步行就能到;步行可达的距离2.aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)[boardvt.&vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)n.木板;董事会;伙食broadadj.宽阔的;广阔的abroadadv.在/到国外;在/到海外]先运用补全句子/补全语段①Heistallwithbroadshouldersandabeardandalwayswearsabroadsmile.(外貌描写)

他身材高大,肩膀宽阔,留着胡子,总是满面笑容。②Learningthatyouwillgoabroadforfurtherstudy,I’mwritingtoinformyouofsomenecessarydosanddon’ts.(告知信)

得知你将去国外深造,我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。③Theyhadsaidgoodbyetoeachotherbeforegoingaboard/boardingthetrain,butthemotherkeptwavinghandstoherdaughteronboarduntilthetrainwentoutofsight.

她们在上火车前就已经互相道别过了,但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手,直到火车驶出视线之外。后牢记用法归纳goaboard 上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)onboard 在船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)上goabroad 出国3.fortunen.机会;运气;大笔的钱;财富;命运(fortunateadj.幸运的;侥幸的fortunatelyadv.幸运地unfortunatelyadv.不幸地)先运用单句语法填空/补全句子/一句多译①Afterwesaidgoodbyetoeachother,Irushedtothequeue.Fortunately(fortunate),Ididn’tmissthewholearrangementsfortheconference.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)②ManyimmigrantsheadedtoCaliforniatoseektheirfortunebutendedupdoingdiverseoddjobstoearnaliving.

许多移民前往加州寻找出路,但最终只能打各种各样的零工来谋生。③我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的宝贵机会。→Iwasfortunatetoget/ingettingapreciousopportunitytotravelalongtheSilkRoad.(fortunate)

→IhadthegoodfortunetogetapreciousopportunitytotravelalongtheSilkRoad.(fortune)

后牢记用法归纳(1)try/seekone’sfortune 找出路;碰碰运气havethegoodfortunetodosth 有幸做某事(2)befortunatetodosth/indoingsth 有幸做某事4.owev.应该做;对……负有……的义务;欠(账、钱、人情等);归因于,归功于先运用补全句子/一句多译①Owingtoourefforts,thetaskwasfinishedaheadoftime.

由于我们的努力,任务提前完成了。②IoweyouanapologyfornotgoingtothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon.(道歉信)

周五下午我未能和你一起去书店,我得向你道歉。③我把在英语学习方面取得的巨大进步归功于您。→IowemygreatprogressinEnglishlearningtoyou.

→IoweittoyouthatIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglishlearning.(it作形式宾语)

后牢记用法归纳(1)owesbsth=owesthtosb 欠某人某物owe...to... 把……归功于……oweittosbtodosth 该为某人做某事oweittosbthat...将……归功于某人(it作形式宾语,that从句作真正的宾语)(2)owingto 因为,由于5.pacen.速度;步伐;节奏vt.&vi.确定速度;调整节奏;来回踱步;走来走去先运用补全句子①Tokeepupwithhispace,Icompletelygaveupmyidlewaysanddevotedmyselftotheproject.(2022·浙江1月卷)

为了跟上他的步伐,我彻底放弃了闲散的生活方式,全身心投入到项目中。②Shepacedupanddowninthekitchen,andthenwandereddowntothegateandback.(动作描写)

她在厨房踱来踱去,然后溜达到大门口又回来。③Studyatyourownpaceandneverloseheart,andyouwillmakeprogressintime.(建议信)

按照自己的进度学习,不要灰心,你迟早会取得进步的。后牢记用法归纳(1)ata(n)...pace 以……的速度paceoflife 生活节奏keeppacewithsb/sth 与某人/某物并驾齐驱keepupwithone’space 跟上某人的步伐(2)paceupanddown 来回踱步6.tendvi.倾向,趋向vi.&vt.照料,照管vt.招待;照料(tendencyn.倾向,趋势;偏好)先运用单句语法填空/补全句子①Thisisconsistentwithyoungchildren’susualtendency(tend)tolooklongeratunfamiliarthings.②Studieshavefoundthatchildrenwhospendmoretimeoutsidetendtobe(be)healthier,betteradjusted,andbetteratdealingwithstress.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)

③Iamwritingtoexpressmysincerethankstothenurseswhotendedmymothercarefullyaftertheoperation.(感谢信)

我写信向手术后细心照顾我母亲的护士们表示衷心的感谢。后牢记用法归纳(1)tend(to)sb 照顾某人tendtodo... 倾向于做……;往往会做……(2)haveatendencytodosth 有做某事的倾向7.varyvi.(根据情况)变化;改变(variousadj.不同的;各种各样的varietyn.多样性;变化;种类)先运用单句语法填空/补全句子①Thestudentsinourclassvaryinheightfrom150cmto170cm.②ThenInoticedfolkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarious(vary)subjectsthere.(2024·浙江1月卷)③TheLiteratureSocietyrecommendedavarietyof/varietiesof/variousgoodbooks,encouragingustogetpleasureoutofreading.

文学社推荐了各种各样的好书,鼓励我们从阅读中获得乐趣。后牢记用法归纳(1)varyfrom...to... 在……到……之间变化;从……到……不等varyinsth 在某方面不同varywith... 随……而变化(2)avarietyof=varietiesof=various 多种多样的8.worthwhileadj.重要的;令人愉快的;有趣的;值得(花时间、金钱、努力等)的;有价值的,有益的;值得做的(worthyadj.值得……的worthadj.值得的;有……价值;值……钱n.价值)先运用单句语法填空/一句多译①Itisworthwhilemakinganefforttopromotethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.②参观我校正举办的太空探索成就展是非常值得的。→Theexhibitionofspaceexplorationachievementsbeingheldinourschoolisworthvisiting.(worthadj.)

→Itisworthwhilevisiting/tovisittheexhibitionofspaceexplorationachievementsbeingheldinourschool.(worthwhileadj.)

→Theexhibitionofspaceexplorationachievementsbeingheldinourschoolisworthyofbeingvisited/tobevisited.(worthyadj.)

后牢记用法归纳(1)Itisworthwhiledoingsth/todosth 做某事是值得的(2)be(well)worthdoing ……(非常)值得被做(3)beworthyofbeingdonetobedone 9.morethan超过;多于先运用补全句子/翻译句子①Shewasmoresadthanangrywhenhersonliedagain.

当她的儿子再次撒谎时,她与其说生气倒不如说伤心。②Fishingismorethanasport;it’sanart.

钓鱼不只是一项运动,它也是一门艺术。③得知你们在组织这项活动,我非常乐意申请参加。(动词-ing短语形式作状语;morethan)Learningthatyouareorganizingthisactivity,Iammorethanhappytoapplyforjoininginit.

后牢记用法归纳(1)morethan+数词或从句 超过……morethan+形容词 非常……morethan+名词 不只是;不仅是nomorethan 只不过;仅仅notmorethan 不超过;至多(2)moreAthanB结构意为“与其说B不如说A”,强调more后面的内容,表示同一个人或事物的两种特征作对比,more表示程度,than连接两个并列成分,其后常用省略形式。10.the+序数词+n.+todo...第几个做……Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.后来,苏联致力于把人送入太空,1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。先运用单句语法填空/补全句子①ItisknowntoallthatYangLiweiwasthefirstChinesetotravel(travel)intospace.

②AsfarasIknow,Amywastheonlypersontowitness(witness)thecaraccident.

③Personally,IthinkIamthebestpersontotakeupthejob.(申请信)

就个人而言,我认为我是做这个工作的最佳人选。④Weseizedthegoldenchancetoclimbtheladderandthroughitwegotintothehelicopter.(浙江7月卷)

我们抓住了爬上梯子的黄金时机,然后通过梯子进入直升机。后牢记用法归纳(1)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及theonly,thevery修饰时,常用不定式作定语。(2)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物,一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后,即作后置定语。(3)有些抽象名词后也常用不定式作定语,常见的有ability,chance,ambition,attempt等。[应用文增分练]——“我对太空探索的理解”主题征文根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。你校英文报正在组织题为“MyUnderstandingofSpaceExploration”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:1.太空探索的重要性;2.你的理由。MyUnderstandingofSpaceExplorationSpaceexplorationisworthwhile.1.Itiscrucialformankind(它对人类至关重要).Firstly,ithelpsusunderstandtheuniversebetter.Throughspaceexploration,wecan2.discoverdistantplanets(发现遥远的行星)andpossiblyfindnewformsoflife.Itcanalsoleadtotechnologicaladvancements.Forexample,researchonspacecraftandrocketsmay3.resultinnewinventionsthatarebeneficialtoourdailylives(产生对我们日常生活有益的新发明).Secondly,itmayhelpussolveglobalproblems.Wemayfindnewresourcesinspacetomeetourneeds.Inconclusion,weshould4.carryonspaceexplorationwithenthusiasm(继续满怀热情地进行太空探索).

[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景场景导语:探险家Tom热爱探险→一天,他踏入丛林深处冒险→迷路,面临生存的挑战→寻找食物、解决导航问题→尝试与一群活泼的猴子交流,希望能找到出路……场景续写1:让他感到惊奇的是,猴子反应友好(出于善意,给他水果等)→跟随猴子学习→取得进展(学会找水源、可食用的食物)→Tom恢复体力,有了希望Tohissurprise,themonkeysrespondedtohimfriendly.Theyseemedintriguedbyhisattemptstocommunicateandevenbroughthimsomefruits,apparentlyasagestureofgoodwill.Tomgratefullyacceptedtheofferings,realizingthatthesemonkeyscouldpotentiallybehislifeline.Overthenextfewdays,hefollowedthemonkeys,learningfromtheirbehaviorandsurvivalskillsinthejungle.Theyledhimtowatersourcesandediblefruits,helpinghimsustainhisstrength.Theexperiencewassurreal,butitgaveTomhopeandrenewedenergytocontinuehisstruggleforsurvival.

场景续写2:走出丛林看到一个小村庄→Tom及村民的反应→解释情况→村民热情帮助→探险感悟AsTomsteppedoutofthejungle,hewasgreetedbythesightofasmallvillage.Relieffloodedthroughhisbodyasherealizedhehadfinallyfoundcivilization.Weakandexhausted,hestumbledtowardsthenearesthut.Villagersgatheredaroundhim,theirfacesfilledwithcuriosity.Tomexplainedhissituation,andtheyofferedhimfood,shelter,andclothing.Asherestedandrecovered,hereflectedonhisjourney.Despitethehardshipsandnear-deathexperiences,Tomfeltasenseofaccomplishment.Hehadsurvivedthejungle,thankstohisresilience,courage,andanunlikelyalliancewithagroupofmonkeys.

(2022·全国甲卷B篇)Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与自然——自然生态——戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.答案B[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句的“thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage”和第二段第三句“Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob...”可知,戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉能拿到盒子里的坚果是因为它们使用了工具,故选B项。]25.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage...”可知,人类幼儿在一岁时能做到将一个圆形物体放进圆孔中。C项为原文的同义改写,故选C项。]26.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.答案D[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知,研究人员下一步将设法弄明白凤头鹦鹉究竟是只能依靠视觉线索还是也可以利用触觉来选择形状,故选D项。]27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters答案D[标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是文章第一段中的“Goffin’scockatoos...havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.”可推知,本文主要介绍了凤头鹦鹉能识别形状这一研究发现。D项“凤头鹦鹉:熟练的形状分类者”最适合作本文的标题,故选D项。][理文脉][再利用](一)由文本积重点词汇1.nativeadj. 本地出生的,出生地的2.shape-recognitionn. 形状识别3.keyholen. 锁眼,钥匙孔4.geometricadj. 几何图形的;几何的,几何学的5.insertv. 插入,嵌入6.trial-and-errorn. 反复试验,不断摸索7.indicatev. 表明,标示;象征,暗示8.possessv. 拥有,持有9.entirelyadv. 全部地,完全地10.unlockvt. (用钥匙)开……的锁11.follow-upadj. 进一步的12.inthewild 在野外,在自然环境下13.bepresentedwith 得到;被赠送14.letout 放出;泄露;出租15.inmostcases 在大多数情况下16.asenseoftouch 触觉17.makeaselection 作出选择(二)由文本辨熟词生义keep[熟义]v.保有;保存;保留[生义]v.养,饲养Mygrandmotherkeptchickensinherbackyard.(三)由文本学长难句分析Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.分析:本句为主从复合句。句子的主干部分为Thisabilityiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”。torecognizethatashape...beforeitwillfit作后置定语修饰ability,其中包含一个由that引导的宾语从句,作recognize的宾语,而这个从句中又包含一个由before引导的时间状语从句。句意:这种可以认识到需要将某个形状朝特定方向转动才能匹配的能力被称为“异中心参照系”。

Ⅰ.阅读理解FryingFrenchfriesinspacemaybepossible,accordingtoarecentstudybyAristotleUniversityofThessaloniki,Greece.OnEarth,wehavegravityandbuoyancy(浮力).Gravitymakessurethattheoilstaysinthecooker,andbuoyancyallowsthebubblesthatcomeoutofthefriestotravelupwardsothatthefriesarecooked.Inspace,whichisundermicrogravity,thereisnobuoyancy.Soscientistsforlongbelievedthatfryingwasn’tpossible.Theresearchteamfirstdesignedasealedcontainerthatcouldfrythepotatosafelyinzerogravityandthentooktheresearchersonaride.Theplaneclimbedup,andthen,atacertainpoint,headeddownjustlikearollercoaster.Therewereabout20secondsofmicrogravitywhentheplanereachedthehighestpoint,duringwhichtheteamdidtests.Totheirsurprise,thefrieswerecooked,andthebubbleswereabletoescape.Whenthepotatowasfried,thewaterinsidethepotatoturnedintovapor(水蒸气).Thevaporcreatedpressurewhenreleasedfromthepotato.Thepressureinsidethepotatoallowedthebubblestogooutandlettheoilcomein,accordingtotheresearchpaper.Itshowedthat“fryingcanoccurinspace”.Thisisn’tthefirstattemptforscientiststodeep-fryFrenchfriesin“space”.Earlyin2014,agroupofresearchersconductedstudiesundervariousgravity.Theagency’slargecentrifuge(离心机)cancreateartificialgravityfrom1gto20g,with“g”referringtothegravitationalaccelerationatthesurfaceoftheEarth.Ithasfourarmsandcanspinfast.Duringthespin,thingsheldbythearmareundercentrifugalforce,whichisthesourceofartificialgravity.Thefrieswerecookedunderdifferentgravityfrom1gto9g.TheydiscoveredthattheFrenchfrieshadthemostcrispy(脆的)chipsunder3g.It’sinterestingtomentionthatJupiter’sgravityis2.4timesthatofEarth’sgravity.So,FrenchfriesmayhavetheperfecttasteifcookedonJupiter,comparedwithotherplanetsinthesolarsystem.语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与自然——宇宙奥秘探索——在太空炸薯条成为可能1.WhatmaymakefryingFrenchFriespossibleinspace?A.Thereleaseofbubbles.B.Thetransformationofgravity.C.Thereductionofvapor.D.Theaccumulationofbuoyancy.答案A[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“OnEarth,wehavegravityandbuoyancy(浮力)...sothatthefriesarecooked.”可知,地球上的重力和浮力能够确保炸薯条的制作。再根据第四段“Thevaporcreatedpressure...‘fryingcanoccurinspace’.”可知,水蒸气产生的压力可以使薯条中的气泡散发出来,故选A项。]2.Whydidtheplaneheaddownlikearollercoaster?A.Tomakeaweightlesssense.B.Togetappropriatepressure.C.Totestthesealofthecontainer.D.Tocreateexperimentconditions.答案D[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Theplaneclimbedup...theteamdidtests.”可知,飞机像过山车一样俯冲的目的是创造试验条件,故选D项。]3.Whatisthepurposeofmentioningthestudiesconductedin2014?A.Toshowthefunctionofthecentrifuge.B.Tofindcommongroundofvariousexperiments.C.ToprovetheperfecttasteofFrenchfriesonJupiter.D.TooffermoreevidenceaboutcookingFrenchfriesinspace.答案D[写作意图题。根据第五段中的“Thisisn’tthefirstattemptforscientiststodeep-fryFrenchin‘space’.”可知,这不是科学家首次企图在“太空”中炸薯条。由此可知,下文中提到2014年进行的研究的目的是提供更多关于在太空中炸薯条的证据,故选D项。]4.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Asciencemagazine.B.Acookbook.C.Afoodadvertisement.D.Atravelbrochure.答案A[文章出处题。结合全文,尤其是根据第一段“FryingFrenchfriesinspace...Thessaloniki,Greece.”可知,文章主要介绍了希腊一所大学最近的一项有关在太空炸薯条的研究,因此本文最可能选自一本科学杂志,故选A项。](2025·南京高三二模)“Palace,Mountain,Moon?”hasbeenselectedbyNASAastheAstronomicalPictureoftheDayforDecember25,2023.ThephotowastakenbyValerio,ayoungphotographerofTurin,Italy.ItwasshotontheeveningofDecember15,2023.WhileheknewaboutNASA’scompetition,hehadn’tconsideredparticipatinguntilhereceivedmuchencouragementfromhissocialmediafollowers.Soonafter,hereceivedthemessage,“Yourimagehasbeenchosenastheastronomicalphotooftheday.”Itwasincredible!Inaphotolikethis,nothingislefttoluck.Theconceptcametohimbackin2017.WalkingonthehillsnorthofTurin,hefoundseveralspotsperfectforincludingboththeBasilicaofSupergaandMountainMonviso.Afternumerousvisitsoverseveralmonths,heidentifiedfourspotswhereSupergaandMonvisolineupjustright.Afterpinpointingtheselocations,heexperimentedwithshootingthematdifferenttimes.“IknewIneededsomethingspecialtoperfectthephoto.TheSunwasano-goplace,soIturnedtotheMoon.Itsvariousphasesandpositionsreachanazimuthangle(方位角)of230degrees,”Valeriosaid.Withthisinmind,heresearchedtheMoon’sphases,markedpotentialdatesonthecalendar,andplannedtheexactmomentswhenthemooncouldjointhequeue.Itwasverysuccessful,especiallybecausetheMoonwasinawaxingphase.Thismeantthatinthephoto,notonlywasitscrescent(新月)litup,butsowastheleftpart,itsshadowedside.Thatpartislitbyreflectedlight,alsoknownastheDaVinciglow,namedafterhimbecausehewastheonewhotheorizedaboutwhytheMoon’sshadowedsideisbrightened.DuringtheearlydaysofthewaxingMoonphases,theshadowedpartisvisiblebecausetheSun’slightreflectsofftheEarthandhitstheMoon’sshadowedside,givingitagreyish,silverycolor.ThisallowedthelighttooutlineMonvisoontheleftaswell.语篇类型:新闻报道主题语境:人与自然——宇宙奥秘探索——一张被NASA选中的天文照片5.WhydidValeriosendthephototoNASA?A.Hetookaninterestinastronomicaladvances.B.Heexpectedtocreateanimpactonsocialmedia.C.Hereceivedbroadsupportfromenthusiasticfans.D.Hewishedtomakehishometownatouristhotspot.答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“WhileheknewaboutNASA’scompetition...muchencouragementfromhissocialmediafollowers.”可知,Valerio把照片发给美国国家航空和航天局是因为有热情粉丝的广泛支持,故选C项。]6.InValerio’sphoto,thethreeobjects.

A.shinelightoneachotherB.standinastraightlineC.fiteachotherinsizeD.v