七　必修 第二册　Unit 1　Cultural Heritage

七必修第二册Unit1

CulturalHeritage(30分钟32.5分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)A(2024·重庆模拟)“Afishoutofwater.”“Abikewithoutachain.”Therearemanymetaphorsforcultureshock,allofwhichattempttodescribetheuniqueexperienceofbeingfarfromone’shomecountryandculture.Scientistshavestudiedcultureshockforoveracentury.Ratherthanfocusonthepurelynegativeaspects,psychologistsdescribeitasaprocessofstressandadjustment.Thefirststageisthehoneymoonphase,whenwearefilledwithexcitementaboutbeinginanothercountry.Eventually,asdailychallengesarise,weenterastateofcrisisandanxiety,harboringunfriendlyfeelingsaboutthehostculture.Thelongerweareimmersedintheculture,weadjustandrecoverfromthosenegativefeelings.Finally,aftersometimeweadjustevenmoreandfullyacceptthenewculture.Oneofthefactorsthatdeterminehowwereacttoculturalstressisourpersonality.Notsurprisingly,extraverts(外向者)tendtohaveaneasiertimeadjustingtonewcultures.Thatisbecausebeinginanewcountrymeansmeetingmanynewpeopleandspendingalotoftimearoundthem,andextravertsthriveinthesesituations.Butintrovertssimplyprefertobealoneafterspendingtimeingroups,andonlyhavelimitedenergytospendinsocialsettings.Culturalintelligence,orCQ,alsoplaysitspart.Culturalintelligenceisdefinedasthecapabilityofanindividualtofunctioneffectivelyinsituationscharacterizedbyculturaldiversity.Ithastodowithourinterestininteractingwithpeoplefromculturallydiversebackgrounds,andourabilitytoadapttonewculturalcontext.ItisarguedthatthehigherourCQ,thelessertheeffectofcultureshockonourabilitytocopeinnewsituations.Manyeffectivecopingstrategiesareinterpersonal.Arecentstudyfoundthatrelatingtootherswithempathyissignificantlyassociatedwithlowerstresslevelsabroad.Themoreweareabletotakeonotherpeople’spointsofview,themorepositiveourinterpersonalrelationshipsandthusouradaptationtothestressofcultureshock.【语篇属性】语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会(文化交流)语篇内容文章主要介绍了文化冲击的含义和应对文化冲击的策略。语篇结构Para.1MetaphorsforcultureshockPara.2TheprocessofcultureshockPara.3PersonalityanditsroleincultureshockPara.4CulturalintelligenceanditsroleincopingwithcultureshockPara.5Interpersonalcopingstrategiesforcultureshock【命题意图】1.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?第一段主要讲述有很多比喻用来描述文化冲击,这些比喻都试图描绘出远离自己国家和文化的独特体验。此题旨在考查读者对文章第一段的目的和功能的理解。2.Howwillapersonfeelthemomenthearrivesinaforeigncountry?第二段主要讲述文化冲击是压力调整过程,经历兴奋、危机、适应到接受新文化。此题旨在测试读者对第二段中描述的文化冲击第一阶段的理解。3.Whowillmostprobablybeaffectedbytheculturalshock?第三段主要讲述外向的人往往更容易适应新文化,但内向的人只是喜欢在集体活动后独处。此题旨在评估读者对第三段内容的理解,特别是个性特征如何影响个体对文化冲击的反应。4.Whatisimportantfordealingwiththeculturalshock?第五段讲述用同理心与他人交往,在国外的压力水平会显著降低。此题旨在考查读者对第五段内容的理解,特别是关于应对文化冲击的有效策略。1.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Explainingthequotes.B.Raisinganargument.C.Introducingthetopic.D.Presentinganexample.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及下文都是讲述文化冲击可推知,第一段用两个习语引入“文化冲击”这一主题。故选C。2.Howwillapersonfeelthemomenthearrivesinaforeigncountry?A.Anxious.

B.Thrilled.C.Shocked. D.Grateful.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“Thefirststageisthehoneymoonphase,whenwearefilledwithexcitementaboutbeinginanothercountry.”可知,人们刚到国外时的感觉是兴奋的。故选B。3.Whowillmostprobablybeaffectedbytheculturalshock?A.Anactiveboyinterestedinanythingnew.B.Ashyboyunwillingtosocializewithstrangers.C.Aquietgirlopentodiverseculturalbackgrounds.D.Acommunicativegirlfluentinthelocallanguage.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段“Notsurprisingly,extravertstendtohaveaneasiertimeadjustingtonewcultures.”以及“Butintrovertssimplyprefertobealoneafterspendingtimeingroups,andonlyhavelimitedenergytospendinsocialsettings.”可推知,内向的人更容易受文化冲击影响。故选B。4.Whatisimportantfordealingwiththeculturalshock?A.Loweringthestresslevel.B.Developingself-awareness.C.Analyzingthecauseofdiscomfort.D.Understandingotherswithsympathy.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段“Arecentstudyfoundthatrelatingtootherswithempathyissignificantlyassociatedwithlowerstresslevelsabroad.”可知,带着同理心理解他人是应对文化冲击的有效方法。故选D。【阅读障碍】【长难句分析】Eventually,asdailychallengesarise,weenterastateofcrisisandanxiety,harboringunfriendlyfeelingsaboutthehostculture.分析:本句中,as引导时间状语从句,harboring是现在分词作状语;另外harbor词性活用,此处作动词,意为“怀有”。翻译:最终,随着日常挑战的出现,我们进入了一种危机和焦虑的状态,对东道国文化怀有不友好的感觉。B(2025·长沙模拟)Therecomesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew,anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.Findingandkeepingtherightbalancebetweenprogressandtheprotectionofculturalsitescanbeabigchallenge.Bigchallenges,however,cansometimesleadtogreatsolutions.Inthe1950s,theEgyptiangovernmentwantedtobuildanewdamacrosstheNileinordertocontrolfloods,produceelectricity,andsupplywatertomorefarmersinthearea.Buttheproposalledtoprotests.WaterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelicsthatwereanimportantpartofEgypt’sculturalheritage.Afterlisteningtodifferentvoices,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelpin1959.AcommitteewasestablishedtolimitdamagetotheEgyptianbuildingsandpreventthelossofculturalrelics.Thegroupaskedforcontributionsfromdifferentdepartmentsandraisedfundswithintheinternationalcommunity.Expertsinvestigatedtheissue,conductedseveraltests,andthenmadeaproposalforhowthebuildingscouldbesaved.Finally,adocumentwassigned,andtheworkbeganin1960.Theprojectbroughttogethergovernmentsandenvironmentalistsfromaroundtheworld.Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.In1961,Germanengineersmovedthefirsttemple.Overthenext20years,thousandsofengineersandworkersrescued22templesandcountlessculturalrelics.Fiftycountriesdonatednearly$80milliontotheproject.Whentheprojectended,itwasconsideredagreatsuccess.Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast,buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.ThespiritoftheAswanDamprojectisstillalivetoday.Ifaproblemseemstoodifficultforasinglenation,theglobalcommunitycansometimesprovideasolution.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了埃及建造阿斯旺大坝时,为了防止对古建筑造成损害,埃及政府向联合国求助,并最终得到了解决。5.Whatwasthemajorconcernregardingtheconstructionofthenewdam?A.Thedamagetolocalfarms.B.Thehighcostoftheconstruction.C.Thedisapprovaloflocalcommunities.D.Thepotentialharmtoculturalremains.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“WaterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelicsthatwereanimportantpartofEgypt’sculturalheritage.”可知,大坝的水可能会损坏一些寺庙,并摧毁作为埃及文化遗产重要组成部分的文物。所以建设新大坝的主要担忧是对文化遗迹的潜在危害。故选D。6.Howweretheculturalsitesrescued?A.Byrebuildingsimilarculturalsites.B.Bybuildingfencesaroundthem.C.Bytakingthemdownintopieces.D.Byremovingandpiecingthemtogetheragain.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.”可知,寺庙和其他文化遗址被一块一块地拆除,然后移动并重新组装在一个安全的地方。故选D。7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheAswanDamproject?A.Internationalcooperationisnotnecessaryforlarge-scaleprojects.B.Itispossibletoachieveprogresswithoutsacrificingculturalheritage.C.Theopinionsofexpertsshouldbeignoredinfavorofpopularopinion.D.Countriesshouldalwaysprioritizetheirowninterestsoverglobalconcerns.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast,buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.”可知,这些国家不仅找到了一条通往未来的道路,在不摧毁遗迹的情况下,各国有可能共同努力建设一个更美好的明天。故选B。8.WhatisthekeytothesuccessoftheAswanDamproject?A.Trialanderror.

B.Adequateinvestment.C.Globalcooperation. D.Carefulinvestigation.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ThespiritoftheAswanDamproject...sometimesprovideasolution.”可知,阿斯旺大坝工程的精神今天依然存在。如果一个问题对一个国家来说太难了,国际社会有时可以提供一个解决方案。说明全球合作是阿斯旺大坝项目成功的关键。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)(2024·湖南衡阳模拟)Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,“interconnectivity”hasbecomeabuzzword(流行词)ofthemodernworld.Althoughthistrendbringslotsofadvantages,itcanalsopresentsomechallenges.

9

Understandingandovercomingculturalbarriersisveryimportantindailylife.Herearesometipsonhowtoproperlyhandleculturaldifferences.

Beself-awareandacknowledgedifferences.Mostcross-culturalmisunderstandingscomefromasingle-mindedopinion.Ifwejudgeothersthroughourownculture,wemayendupwithwronginterpretations.Failingtoacknowledgedifferencesmayeasilyleadtomisconceptionsandevenconflicts.

10

Doresearchandlearnaboutothercultures.Afterculturaldifferencesareacknowledged,it’simportanttolearnmoreaboutthem.

11

Understandingthereasoningbehindone’sactionscanreduce“wronglabeling”andleadtoamoreeffectivecooperationandcommunicationprocess.

12

Tryyourbesttoavoidquickjudgmentsandbeopentonewbeliefsandbehaviors.Findoutwhatyouhaveincommonandlearnhowtomakethebestuseofeachuniquecharacteristic.Respectthefactthatothershavedistinctcorevalues.

Allinall,dealingwithculturaldifferencesisquitechallengingandrequiresalotofwork.

13

Whenyoumeetpeoplefromdifferentculturesandbackgroundsnexttime,justbemindful,andstayopen-mindedandpatient.

A.Oneofthemisculturalbarriers.B.Beopen-minded,adaptableandrespectful.C.Youcaneitherdoyourownresearchorsimplyaskothersaboutthem.D.Employeesshouldbepreparedtoworkinamulticulturalenvironment.E.However,theresultsofovercomingthesebarriersfaroutweightheef