Unit4 Period 3　 Discovering Useful Structures 语法精析课人教版高一上学期英语必修一课件

UNIT4

NATURALDISASTERSPeriod3

DiscoveringUsefulStructures语法精析课【素养目标】1.在主题语境中学习和理解定语从句的功能和用法。2.能够将定语从句用于对具体事物的描述,以提升自己的语言表达和运用能力。01语法精讲透析that,which,who,whom,whose引导的限制性定语从句【体验·悟】观察下面的课文原句,感受黑体词的用法。1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.3.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.【生成·得】(1)跟在一个___________后进行修饰限定或补充说明的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句在句子功能上相当于一个形容词。(2)在复合句中对被修饰的词起_________作用的从句叫作限制性定语从句。它与被修饰的词(组)之间没有逗号。名词或代词修饰限定【研学·析】一、定语从句的几个概念1.先行词:指被定语从句修饰限定或补充说明的词(组)。2.关系代词:指连接先行词和定语从句的代词(who、whom、whose、that、which和as)。3.关系副词:指连接先行词和定语从句的副词(when、

where和why)。二、关系代词的用法1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当的句子成分that指人或物主语、宾语、表语which指物主语、宾语、表语who指人主语、宾语、表语whom指人宾语whose指人或物定语(1)that既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom,指物多用which。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人,作主语)Thewatchthat/whichisonthetableishers.桌子上的那块手表是她的。(that指物,作主语)(2)which指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。Thepen(which)youfoundyesterdayismine.(which作宾语)昨天你发现的那支钢笔是我的。“TalkandTalk”isaprogramwhichisdesignedtointerviewsomepeopletotalkabouteverythingpositive,coveringlife,work,studyandsoon.(which作主语)“TalkandTalk”是一档节目,旨在采访一些人,谈论一切积极的事情,涵盖生活、工作、学习等。(3)who指人,在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。However,thosewhochoosetoreadEnglishbooksandvisitEnglishlearningwebsitesaccountforonly18%and12%.(who作主语)然而,选择阅读英语书籍和访问英语学习网站的人只占18%和12%。Dannywastheman(who)werescuedfromtheruins.(who作宾语)丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。(4)whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略,也可用who或that代替。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.(whom作宾语)老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。(5)whose既可以指人,也可以指物,表示“所属”关系,在定语从句中作定语。Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.我认识那个人,他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。2.关系代词的几个特殊用法(1)关系词只能用that而不用which的情况①当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The

firstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。②当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,much等不定代词时。Haveyoutakendowneverything

thatMrLisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗?③当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。Ihavefoundthe

verypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天弄丢的钢笔。④当先行词既指人,又指物时。Weoftentalkaboutthe

persons

and

things

thatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。⑤当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。Whichisthebookthat

he

borrowedfromthelibraryyesterday?哪本是他昨天从图书馆借的书?(2)关系词只能用which而不用that的情况①当关系词前有介词时。Shetookitinthespiritin

whichitwasintended.她根据其精神实质来认识此事。②当先行词本身是that且指物时。Donotdothat

whichyouwouldnothaveknown.不要做你本来不知道的事。三、关系代词的选择原则定语从句的关系代词的选择有三个原则:1.判断先行词是人还是物;2.判断先行词在定语从句中作何成分;3.判断定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的。例如:(1)(2)

(3)

【内化·用】读下面的短文并用适当的关系代词填空

Everyonehasfriends,butideasaboutfriendshiparedifferent.Somethinkthatafriendissomeone(1)_____chatswithyouontheInternet;othersthinkthatafriendisaperson(2)_____hasknownyouallyourlife—someone(3)_______familyknowsyou,too.Andothersonlyusethetermforsomeone(4)_______youshareyoursecretswith.Althoughdifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutfriends,thereisonething(5)_____isalwaystrue:youarefreetochooseyourfriends.who

who

whose

whom

that

常温故·勤总结口诀一定语从句真奇妙,先行词后跟着跑。关系代词来引导,限定从句无逗号。口诀二关系代词常5个,指人指物分清了。that指代物或人,which指物要记好。who与whom皆指人,whose作定记得牢。口诀三that用法真不少,介词后面不跟了。先行词含不定代,指人指物用得巧。序数形词最高级,that勿重现身妙。逗号一出that跑,which快快来搭桥。口诀四定从选词有妙招,先行词须找准了。代入定从见分晓,主宾表定判断好。特殊用法套一套,逻辑句意不动摇。02课堂学业达标Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirst_____comestomindistheWestLake.2.(2023·全国乙卷)TanYunxian(1461—1554)wasaChinesephysician_________learnedherskillsfromhergrandparents.3.MrLiwantstotalktothestudents_______homeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin.4.(2024·浙江1月高考)Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities—theypricegoodsintheway___________willmakethemthemostmoney.5.Those_____wanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7:30pm.that

who/that

whose

which/that

who

Ⅱ.完成句子1.Thisisthehotel_____________________whenIwastravellinghere.这是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。2.YesterdayIgotacallfromafriend_____________________________________.昨天我接到一个很久没联系的朋友的电话。3.Thisistheverybook___________________.这就是我正在找的那本书。(that/which)Istayedat

whomIhadn’tcontactedforalongtimethatIamlookingfor4.WearegoingtolearnsomeChinesepoems______________________intheTangDynasty.我们将学习一些写于唐代的中国诗歌。5.Sheisoneo