2025年下半年广东汕头全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库

2025年下半年广东汕头全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:Thissectionisdesignedtotestyourlisteningcomprehension.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.PartADirections:Youwillhearaconversationbetweenastudentandaprofessor.Listenandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthestudent'svisittotheprofessor?A.Toaskforanextensiononaresearchpaper.B.Todiscusstheresultsofarecentlaboratoryexperiment.C.Togetadviceonpresentingaresearchproposal.D.Tocomplainabouttheworkloadofthesociologycourse.2.Whydoestheprofessormentiontheconceptof"controlvariables"?A.Toexplainwhythestudent'sinitialexperimentfailed.B.Tosuggestamethodforimprovingthestudent'sresearchdesign.C.Tocriticizethemethodologyusedinapublishedjournalarticle.D.Toillustratethedifficultyofconductingsocialscienceresearch.3.Whatdoestheprofessorsuggestthestudentdobeforethenextclass?A.Submitthefinaldraftoftheproposal.B.Interviewasmallerfocusgroup.C.Readaspecificchapterinthetextbook.D.Consultwithagraduateteachingassistant.PartBDirections:Youwillhearashortlectureaboutenvironmentalscience.Listenandanswerthequestions.4.Accordingtothespeaker,whatistheprimarydisadvantageoftraditionaldesalinationplants?A.Theyproduceahighlytoxicbyproductthatharmsmarinelife.B.Theyconsumeanexcessiveamountofelectricalenergy.C.Theyaretooexpensivefordevelopingnationstoconstruct.D.Theyrelyheavilyonunstableweatherpatterns.5.Howdoesthenewsolar-powereddesalinationtechnologydifferfromoldermodels?A.Itusesaseriesofmirrorstoconcentrateheat.B.Itoperateswithouttheneedforfossilfuelsentirely.C.Itutilizesaspecializedmembranethatrequireslesspressure.D.Itintegrateswindturbinestopowertheextractionprocess.6.Whatisthespeaker'soverallattitudetowardthefutureofthistechnology?A.Cautiouslyoptimistic.B.Extremelyskeptical.C.Mildlyindifferent.D.Highlycritical.PartCDirections:Youwillhearanewsreport.Listenandchoosethebestanswers.7.Whattriggeredthesuddendropintheglobalstockmarketmentionedinthereport?A.Anunexpectedriseinnationalunemploymentrates.B.Ageopoliticalconflictinamajoroil-producingregion.C.Asuddenbankruptcyofaleadingtechnologycorporation.D.Anewgovernmentregulationoninternationaltrade.8.Howdidthecentralbankrespondtothemarketsituation?A.Byloweringthebenchmarkinterestrateimmediately.B.Byissuingastatementreassuringinvestorsofeconomicstability.C.Byinjectingamassiveamountofcapitalintothebankingsystem.D.Bytemporarilyhaltingalltradingonthemajorexchanges.SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordforeachnumberedblank.Thephenomenonof"digitalamnesia"isbecomingincreasinglyprevalentinmodernsociety.Withthe9ofsearchenginesanddigitalassistants,individualsare10torelyonexternaldevicesratherthantheirownbiologicalmemoryto11information.Whenaskedtorecallaphonenumberoranaddress,agrowingmajorityofpeoplewill12reachfortheirsmartphones.Psychologistswarnthatthisconstant13ontechnologymayhaveadetrimentaleffectonourcognitivecapabilities.Thehumanbrain,muchlikeamuscle,requires14exercisetomaintainitsstrength.Theprocessofactively15information—suchasmemorizingapoemorlearninganewlanguage—strengthensneuralpathwaysand16neuroplasticity.17,offloadingthismentalefforttoadigitaldevicedeniesthebrainitsnecessary18,potentiallyleadingtogradualcognitivedeclineovertime.Furthermore,researchindicatesthatthe19withwhichwecanaccessinformationonlinecreatesafalsesenseof20.Peopleoftenmistaketheabilitytofindinformationquicklyforactualknowledge.Thismetacognitiveillusionleadsindividualstooverestimatetheirown21.22thistrendisentirelyreversible.Expertssuggestengagingin"digitaldetoxes,"periodsduringwhichindividualsconsciously23theiruseoftechnology.By24thehabitofmemorizingdailydetails,peoplecanslowly25theirmemorycapacities.Thekeyisnotto26technologyentirely,buttofindasustainable27betweenutilizingdigitaltoolsandmaintaining28mentalfaculties.9.A.applicationB.adventC.adaptationD.approval10.A.hesitatingB.requiredC.encouragedD.inclined11.A.retrieveB.deleteC.processD.distribute12.A.reluctantlyB.spontaneouslyC.deliberatelyD.temporarily13.A.dependenceB.independenceC.resistanceD.persistence14.A.minimalB.frequentC.mentalD.physical15.A.forgettingB.encodingC.ignoringD.avoiding16.A.promotesB.hindersC.stabilizesD.reduces17.A.ConsequentlyB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Furthermore18.A.relaxationB.restC.stimulationD.fatigue19.A.difficultyB.speedC.complexityD.accuracy20.A.competenceB.ignoranceC.uncertaintyD.security21.A.intelligenceB.limitationsC.achievementsD.expectations22.A.FortunatelyB.UnfortunatelyC.IronicallyD.Surprisingly23.A.increaseB.monitorC.abandonD.advocate24.A.breakingB.formingC.questioningD.observing25.A.loseB.diminishC.rebuildD.transfer26.A.embraceB.abandonC.improveD.challenge27.A.conflictB.solutionC.balanceD.distinction28.A.impairedB.artificialC.innateD.externalSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.Text1Theconceptofthe"circulareconomy"hasgainedsignificanttractionasaviablealternativetothetraditionallineareconomicmodel,whichfollowsa"take,make,dispose"pattern.Inacirculareconomy,resourcesarekeptinuseforaslongaspossible,extractingtheirmaximumvaluebeforerecoveringandregeneratingproductsandmaterialsattheendoftheirservicelife.Thismodelisdrivenbythreecoreprinciples:designingoutwasteandpollution,keepingproductsandmaterialsinuse,andregeneratingnaturalsystems.Oneofthemostcompellingargumentsforthecirculareconomyisitseconomicpotential.Byreducingrelianceonrawmaterials,companiescaninsulatethemselvesfromthepricevolatilityofglobalcommoditymarkets.Forinstance,remanufacturingacomponentrequiresafractionoftheenergyandmaterialscomparedtoproducinganewonefromscratch.AstudybytheEllenMacArthurFoundationestimatedthatadoptingcircularmodelsintheEuropeanmanufacturingsectorcouldgenerateneteconomicbenefitsof\1.8\times10^{12}$annuallyby2030.However,transitioningtoacirculareconomyisnotwithoutchallenges.Theexistinginfrastructureisheavilyoptimizedforlinearprocesses.Shiftingtocircularmodelsrequiresmassiveinitialcapitalinvestmentinnewlogistics,reversesupplychains,andspecializedrecyclingfacilities.Additionally,thereisapsychologicalbarrier:consumersareaccustomedtotheideaofownershipanddisposability.Shiftingconsumermindsetstowardsaccessingservicesratherthanowningproducts—suchasleasingawashingmachineinsteadofbuyingone—requiresaculturalshift.Furthermore,regulatoryframeworksofteninadvertentlyfavorlinearmodels.Subsidiesforrawmaterialextractionandlowtaxesonlandfillingmakeiteconomicallychallengingforcircularbusinessestocompete.Toacceleratethetransition,governmentsmustimplementpoliciesthatmandateextendedproducerresponsibility,forcingmanufacturerstobeartheend-of-lifecostsoftheirproducts.Ultimately,thecirculareconomyoffersaparadigmshiftthatalignseconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalsustainability,butrealizingitsfullpotentialdemandsunprecedentedcollaborationbetweengovernments,businesses,andconsumers.29.Whatistheprimarycharacteristicthatdistinguishesthecirculareconomyfromthelinearmodel?A.Itreliesheavilyonrawmaterialextraction.B.Itfocusesonregeneratingmaterialsattheendoftheirlifecycle.C.Itgeneratessignificantlylowerneteconomicbenefits.D.Itprioritizesrapidconsumptionanddisposal.30.Accordingtothetext,howdocompaniesbenefiteconomicallyfromthecirculareconomy?A.Byincreasingtheproductionofnewcomponents.B.Bydependingentirelyonglobalcommoditymarkets.C.Byprotectingthemselvesfrompricefluctuationsinrawmaterials.D.Byreceivingmassiveinitialcapitalinvestmentsfromgovernments.31.Whatisoneofthepsychologicalbarrierstothecirculareconomymentionedinthetext?A.Consumers'reluctancetouserawmaterials.B.Consumers'preferenceforowningproductsoverleasingthem.C.Consumers'lackoftrustinthequalityofremanufacturedgoods.D.Consumers'demandforhighergovernmentsubsidies.32.Whatroleshouldgovernmentsplaytofacilitatethetransitiontoacirculareconomy?A.Eliminatingalltaxesonrawmaterialextraction.B.Subsidizingtraditionallinearmanufacturingprocesses.C.Implementingpoliciesthatmakeproducersresponsibleforproductdisposal.D.Encouragingconsumerstopurchasemoredisposablegoods.Text2Thehumanmicrobiome,thevastcollectionofmicroorganismsresidinginandonourbodies,hasemergedasacrucialfrontierinmedicalresearch.Farfrombeingmerepassiveinhabitants,thesemicrobialcommunitiesplayavitalroleinhumanhealth,influencingeverythingfromdigestionandmetabolismtoimmunesystemregulationandevenneurologicalfunctions.Thegut-brainaxis,abidirectionalcommunicationnetworklinkingthegastrointestinaltractandthecentralnervoussystem,hasbecomeafocalpointforresearchersstudyingmentalhealth.Recentstudieshaverevealedafascinatingconnectionbetweenthecompositionofgutbacteriaandmooddisorderssuchasdepressionandanxiety.Certainstrainsofbacteriaproduceneurotransmitterslikeserotoninanddopamine,whicharecriticalformoodregulation.Whenthediversityofthegutmicrobiomeiscompromised—oftenduetopoordiet,chronicstress,ortheoveruseofantibiotics—theproductionoftheseessentialchemicalscanbedisrupted,potentiallyleadingtopsychiatricsymptoms.Thisunderstandinghaspavedthewayfornoveltherapeuticapproaches.Psychobiotics,atermcoinedtodescribeliveorganismsthatconfermentalhealthbenefitswheningested,arebeingexploredasasupplementarytreatmentformooddisorders.Whileclinicaltrialsarestillintheirearlystages,preliminaryresultssuggestthatmodifyingthegutmicrobiomethroughdiet,probiotics,orevenfecalmicrobiotatransplantscouldrevolutionizethetreatmentofpsychiatricandneurologicalconditions.However,scientistscautionagainstoversimplifyingthiscomplexrelationship.Themicrobiomeishighlyindividualized,andabacterialstrainthatisbeneficialforonepersonmaybeneutralorevenharmfultoanother.Furthermore,thecausaldirectionisnotalwaysclear:whilepoormicrobiomehealthmaycontributetodepression,thephysiologicalstressofdepressionitselfcanalsoalterthegutenvironment.Therefore,whilethepotentialofmicrobiome-basedtherapiesisimmense,significantresearchisneededtomaptheintricateinteractionswithinthismicroscopicecosystembeforeitcanbewidelyappliedinclinicalpractice.33.Whatisthemainfocusofthesecondparagraph?A.Thebidirectionalcommunicationnetworkofthegut-brainaxis.B.Thephysiologicalimpactofantibioticsonthehumanbody.C.Thelinkbetweengutbacteriadiversityandpsychologicaldisorders.D.Theprocessbywhichbacteriaproduceserotoninanddopamine.34.Whatcanbeinferredabout"psychobiotics"fromthetext?A.Theyarecurrentlytheprimarymedicaltreatmentforseveredepression.B.Theyareliveorganismsthatmayoffermentalhealthbenefits.C.Theyreplacetheneedfortraditionalpsychiatricmedicationsentirely.D.Theyhavebeenproventobeequallyeffectiveforallindividuals.35.Whatisalimitationofmicrobiome-basedtherapiesmentionedinthetext?A.Theyaretooexpensiveforwidespreadclinicaluse.B.Themicrobiomeisuniform,makingstandardizedtreatmentsdifficult.C.Theinteractionswithinthemicrobiomearenotyetfullyunderstood.D.Theycannotbecombinedwithtraditionalpsychiatricmedications.36.Whatistheauthor'soveralltoneinthepassage?A.Enthusiasticbutcautious.B.Highlyskepticalanddismissive.C.Completelyindifferentandobjective.D.Overlyoptimisticandunscientific.Text3Astheglobalpopulationages,theprevalenceofneurodegenerativediseases,particularlyAlzheimer'sdisease,isrisingatanalarmingrate.Fordecades,thedominanthypothesisinAlzheimer'sresearchhasbeentheamyloidcascadehypothesis.Thistheorypositsthattheaccumulationofbeta-amyloidplaquesinthebrainistheprimarydriverofneuronaldeathandcognitivedecline.Consequently,pharmaceuticalcompanieshaveinvestedbillionsofdollarsindevelopingdrugsdesignedtocleartheseplaques.However,recentclinicaltrialshaveyieldeddeeplydisappointingresults.Severaldrugssuccessfullyremovedbeta-amyloidfromthebrain,butpatients'cognitiveabilitiescontinuedtodeteriorate.Thisfailurehaspromptedacriticalreevaluationwithinthescientificcommunity.ManyresearchersnowbelievethatAlzheimer'sisamuchmorecomplexdisease,andthatbeta-amyloid,ratherthanbeingthesoleculprit,maysimplybeamarkeroradownstreameffectofotherpathologicalprocesses.Alternativetheoriesaregainingmomentum.Oneprominenttheoryfocusesonneuroinflammation.Itsuggeststhatthediseaseisdrivenbyanoveractiveimmuneresponseinthebrain,wheremicroglia—thebrain'sresidentimmunecells—becomechronicallyactivatedanddamagehealthyneurons.Anothertheoryhighlightstheroleofmetabolicdysfunction.Thebrainisahighlyenergy-demandingorgan,andinsulinresistanceinthebrain,sometimesreferredtoas"type3diabetes,"mayimpaircognitivefunction.Furthermore,theroleofthetauprotein,whichformstanglesinsideneurons,isnowconsideredbymanytobemoredirectlycorrelatedwithcognitivedeclinethanamyloidplaques.Thisparadigmshifthassignificantimplicationsforfutureresearchandtreatment.Insteadoffocusingexclusivelyonasingletarget,scientistsarenowexploringmulti-targetapproachesthataddressvariousaspectsofthediseasesimultaneously.Thereisalsoagrowingconsensusthatearlyinterventioniscrucial.Bythetimesymptomsofmemorylossappear,thebrainhasoftenalreadysufferedirreversibledamage.Therefore,researchersaredevelopingbiomarkerstoidentifyhigh-riskindividualsdecadesbeforeclinicalsymptomsmanifest,hopingthatlifestyleinterventionsorcombinationtherapiesmightdelayorpreventtheonsetofthedisease.37.Whatwasthemainproblemwiththedrugsdesignedbasedontheamyloidcascadehypothesis?A.Theycausedsevereinflammationinthebrain.B.Theyfailedtoremovethebeta-amyloidplaques.C.Theyclearedtheplaquesbutdidnotstopcognitivedecline.D.Theyweretooexpensiveforwidespreadclinicaluse.38.Howdoestheneuroinflammationtheorydifferfromtheamyloidcascadehypothesis?A.Itblamesthediseaseonanoveractiveimmuneresponseratherthanplaqueaccumulation.B.ItsuggeststhatmetabolicdysfunctionistherootcauseofAlzheimer's.C.Itviewsbeta-amyloidastheprimarydriverofneuronaldeath.D.Itfocusesontheroleoftauproteinsinsidetheneurons.39.Whatdoestheterm"type3diabetes"refertointhecontextofthepassage?A.Ametabolicdisorderaffectingthepancreas.B.Insulinresistanceinthebrainthatimpairscognitivefunction.C.Anoveractiveimmuneresponseinthecentralnervoussystem.D.AgeneticpredispositiontoAlzheimer'sdisease.40.Accordingtothepassage,whyisearlyinterventionconsideredcrucialforAlzheimer's?A.Becauselifestyleinterventionsareonlyeffectiveinyoungpeople.B.Becausecognitivesymptomsappearonlyinthelatestagesofthedisease.C.Becausebraindamagebecomesirreversiblebythetimesymptomsappear.D.Becausecurrentdrugscanonlycurethediseaseifadministeredearly.Text4Theadventofquantumcomputingrepresentsaparadigmshiftincomputationalpower,promisingtosolveproblemsthatarecurrentlyintractableforclassicalcomputers.Whileclassicalcomputersprocessinformationinbits,representingeithera0ora1,quantumcomputersutilizequantumbits,orqubits.Thankstotheprinciplesofsuperpositionandentanglement,qubitscanexistinmultiplestatessimultaneously,allowingquantumcomputerstoprocessvastamountsofdatainparallel.Oneofthemostanticipatedapplicationsofquantumcomputingisinthefieldofcryptography.Currentencryptionstandards,suchasthewidelyusedRSAalgorithm,relyonthecomputationaldifficultyoffactoringlargeprimenumbers.Aclassicalcomputerwouldtakemillionsofyearstocracktheseencryptions.However,usingShor'salgorithm,asufficientlypowerfulquantumcomputercouldtheoreticallybreakRSAencryptioninamatterofhours.Thiscapabilityposesaseverethreattoglobalcybersecurity,promptingaglobalracetodevelopandstandardizepost-quantumcryptography.Intherealmofscienceandindustry,quantumcomputingholdsimmensepromise.Indrugdiscovery,itcouldsimulatemolecularinteractionsatanatomiclevel,drasticallyreducingthetimeandcostofdevelopingnewmedications.Inmaterialsscience,itcouldleadtothediscoveryofnewsuperconductorsormoreefficientbatteries.Financialinstitutionsarealsoexploringquantumalgorithmstooptimizeinvestmentportfoliosandmanageriskmoreeffectively.Despiteitspotential,quantumcomputingfacessignificantengineeringhurdles.Qubitsarenotoriouslyfragileandhighlysusceptibletoenvironmentalnoise,suchastemperaturefluctuationsandelectromagneticradiation.Thisfragilityleadsto"decoherence,"wherequbitslosetheirquantumstate,resultingincomputationalerrors.Tomitigatethis,quantumcomputersmustbecooledtonearabsolutezero—acostlyandenergy-intensiveprocess—andtheyrequiresophisticatederror-correctionalgorithms.ExpertspredictthatwhileNoisyIntermediate-ScaleQuantum(NISQ)devicesarecurrentlyavailable,afullyfault-tolerantquantumcomputercapableofrunningcomplexalgorithmsisstillyears,ifnotdecades,away.41.Whatisthefundamentaldifferencebetweenclassicalcomputersandquantumcomputers?A.Classicalcomputersusequbits,whilequantumcomputersusebits.B.Classicalcomputersprocessdatasequentially,whilequantumcomputersprocessdatainparallel.C.Quantumcomputersrelyonthedifficultyoffactoringprimenumbers.D.Quantumcomputerscanonlyprocessdataatnearabsolutezero.42.Whyisthedevelopmentofquantumcomputingconsideredathreattocurrentcybersecurity?A.Quantumcomputerscanprocessvastamountsofdata,makingthembetteratstealingpasswords.B.Shor'salgorithmallowsquantumcomputerstobreakcurrentencryptionstandardsquickly.C.Quantumcomputerscanautomaticallybypassfirewallsystems.D.Quantumcomputersgeneratetoomuchelectromagneticnoise,crashingservers.43.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapotentialapplicationofquantumcomputinginthetext?A.Discoveringnewmedications.B.Creatingmoreefficientbatteries.C.Optimizingfinancialportfolios.D.Predictingweatherpatternsaccurately.44.Whatisthemainchallengeinbuildingfullyfunctionalquantumcomputers?A.Thelackofalgorithmstorunonthem.B.Thehighcostofcoolingclassicalservers.C.Thefragilityofqubitsandtheirsusceptibilitytoenvironmentalnoise.D.Theresistanceoffinancialinstitutionstoadoptnewtechnology.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(45)Thenotionthathumanbeingscanachieveperfectionthroughtechnologicalenhancementisdeeplyrootedinmoderntranshumanistphilosophy.Transhumanismadvocatestheuseofadvancedtechnologies,suchasgeneticengineering,artificialintelligence,andcybernetics,toaugmenthumanphysicalandcognitivecapabilitiesbeyondtheircurrentbiologicallimitations.(46)Proponentsarguethattheseinterventionscoulderadicatehereditarydiseases,significantlyextendhumanlifespan,andultimatelyelevatethehumanconditiontoastateofcontinuouswell-being.However,thisvisionofatechnologicallyaugmentedfutureisfraughtwithethicaldilemmas.(47)Oneoftheprimaryconcernsistheexacerbationofexistingsocialinequalities.Iflife-extendingtherapiesandcognitiveenhancementsareonlyavailabletothewealthy,itcouldleadtoabiologicaldivide,creatingasocietystratifiednotjustbywealth,butbyfundamentalcognitiveandphysicalcapacities.(48)Furthermore,alteringthehumangenometoselectfordesirabletraitsraisesprofoundquestionsabouthumannatureandthedefinitionofdisability.Ifgeneticmodificationsbecomethenorm,individualswhoarebornwithoutthemmightfacesystemicdiscrimination.Despitethesevalidconcerns,themarchoftechnologicalprogressshowsnosignsofslowingdown.(49)Aswestandontheprecipiceofaneweraofhumanenhancement,itisimperativethatsocietyengagesinarigorousethicaldebatetoensurethatthesetechnologiesaredevelopedanddeployedinamannerthatbenefitsallofhumanity,ratherthanaprivilegedfew.SectionIVWritingDirections:Youareaskedtowriteanessayofnolessthan160wordsonthefollowingtopic.Youressayshouldbeclear,logical,andwell-organized.Somepeoplebelievethatgovernmentsshouldheavilyinvestinspaceexplorationprograms,astheypushtheboundariesofhumanknowledgeandtechnology.OthersarguethatthismoneywouldbebetterspentaddressingimmediateproblemsonEarth,suchaspoverty,climatechange,andhealthcare.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.【参考答案与详细解析】SectionIListeningComprehension1.【答案】C【解析】听力原文中，学生提到："IwashopingtogetyourfeedbackonmyresearchproposalbeforeIfinalizeit."（我希望在最终定稿前得到您对我的研究计划的反馈。）这表明学生拜访教授的主要目的是为了获取关于如何展示和完善研究计划的建议，因此选C。A选项是请求延期，B选项是讨论实验结果，D选项是抱怨工作量，均与原文内容不符。2.【答案】B【解析】教授在对话中提到："Ifyouwanttoisolatetheeffectoftheindependentvariable,youneedtointroducecontrolvariablestoensurenootherfactorsareinterfering."（如果你想分离出自变量的影响，你需要引入控制变量以确保没有其他因素干扰。）这说明教授提到“控制变量”是为了建议学生改进研究设计，提高实验的科学性，因此选B。A选项实验失败、C选项批评期刊文章、D选项说明社会科学研究的困难，均属于无中生有。3.【答案】D【解析】对话结尾处，教授建议："Beforeournextclass,IhighlyrecommendyouspeakwithTom,thegraduateteachingassistant.Hehasextensiveexperiencewiththisspecificmethodology."（在下次上课前，我强烈建议你和研究生助教汤姆谈谈。他在这种特定方法论上有丰富的经验。）因此选D。A选项提交最终草稿、B选项采访小规模焦点小组、C选项阅读教科书特定章节，均不是教授在下次课前要求学生做的事情。4.【答案】B【解析】听力原文指出："Thebiggestdrawbackofconventionaldesalinationplantsistheirimmenseenergyconsumption,makingthembothexpensiveandenvironmentallyunfriendly."（传统海水淡化厂最大的缺点是其巨大的能源消耗，这使得它们既昂贵又不环保。）因此，传统海水淡化厂的主要缺点是消耗过多的电能，选B。A选项产生有毒副产品、C选项对发展中国家太贵、D选项依赖不稳定天气，均与原文不符。5.【答案】C【解析】关于新技术，原文提到："Thisnewtechnologyutilizesaspecializedgraphenemembranethatrequiressignificantlylesspressuretofiltersaltfromwater,therebyreducingenergyusebyoverfiftypercent."（这项新技术利用一种特殊的石墨烯薄膜，过滤盐水所需的压力大大降低，从而将能源使用减少百分之五十以上。）因此选C。A选项使用镜子、B选项完全不使用化石燃料、D选项集成风力涡轮机，均非新旧模型的本质区别。6.【答案】A【解析】在听力结尾，演讲者表示："Whiletherearestillscalingchallenges,Ibelievethisinnovationholdsgreatpromiseforprovidingfreshwatertoaridregionssustainably."（虽然仍存在规模扩大的挑战，但我相信这项创新在为干旱地区可持续提供淡水方面大有希望。）这表明演讲者对这项技术的未来持“谨慎乐观”的态度，因此选A。B选项极度怀疑、C选项轻微冷漠、D选项高度批评，均不符合原文语境。7.【答案】B【解析】新闻报道开头提到："Globalstockmarketsexperiencedasharpdownturntodayfollowingthesuddenescalationofageopoliticalconflictinamajoroil-producingregion."（在主要产油区地缘政治冲突突然升级后，全球股市今日经历了急剧下跌。）因此，股市下跌的触发因素是地缘政治冲突，选B。A选项失业率上升、C选项科技公司破产、D选项国际贸易新规，均不是新闻报道的原因。8.【答案】B【解析】关于央行的反应，新闻指出："Inresponsetothemarketpanic,thecentralbankissuedastatementreassuringinvestorsoftheunderlyingstabilityofthedomesticeconomy,thoughitstoppedshortofchanginginterestrates."（为了应对市场恐慌，央行发表声明，向投资者保证国内经济的基本稳定，尽管它没有改变利率。）因此选B。A选项立即降低利率、C选项注入大量资本、D选项暂时停止交易，均与原文内容不符。SectionIIUseofEnglish9.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着搜索引擎和数字助手的“出现”，人们倾向于依赖外部设备……。application应用；advent出现，到来；adaptation适应；approval批准。根据语境，这里表达的是这些技术的到来或出现，故选B。10.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。hesitating犹豫的；required被要求的；encouraged被鼓励的；inclined倾向于……的。句意：人们倾向于依赖外部设备。beinclinedtodosth.是固定搭配，意为“倾向于做某事”，符合语境，故选D。11.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retrieve检索，找回，找回；delete删除；process处理；distribute分发。句意：人们倾向于依赖外部设备而不是自己的生物记忆来“检索”信息。retrieveinformation意为“检索信息”，符合语义，故选A。12.【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。reluctantly不情愿地；spontaneously自发地，自然而然地；deliberately故意地；temporarily暂时地。句意：当被要求回忆电话号码时，越来越多的人会“自然而然地”去拿智能手机。spontaneously符合语境，故选B。13.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。dependence依赖；independence独立；resistance抵抗；persistence坚持。句意：心理学家警告说，这种对技术的持续“依赖”可能会对我们的认知能力产生有害影响。根据上下文，人们依赖设备，故选A。14.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。minimal最小的；frequent频繁的；mental脑力的，精神的；physical身体的。句意：人类的大脑就像肌肉一样，需要“脑力”锻炼来保持其强度。这里讨论的是记忆和大脑，故选C。15.【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。forgetting忘记；encoding编码（心理学上指记忆的编码过程）；ignoring忽视；avoiding避免。句意：主动对信息进行“编码”的过程……strengthensneuralpathways（加强神经通路）。encodinginformation在此处指记忆信息的过程，故选B。16.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。promotes促进；hinders阻碍；stabilizes稳定；reduces减少。句意：主动编码信息加强了神经通路，并“促进”了神经可塑性。promotes符合逻辑，故选A。17.【答案】C【解析】考查逻辑连接词。Consequently因此；Therefore因此；However然而；Furthermore此外。前文说主动记忆对大脑有益，后文说把这种脑力劳动交给数字设备会剥夺大脑的锻炼，前后为转折关系，故选C。18.【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。relaxation放松；rest休息；stimulation刺激，锻炼；fatigue疲劳。句意：将这种脑力劳动交给数字设备剥夺了大脑必要的“刺激”，可能导致认知能力的逐渐下降。stimulation符合语境，故选C。19.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。difficulty困难；speed速度；complexity复杂性；accuracy准确性。句意：研究表明，我们在网上获取信息的“速度”会造成一种虚假的能力感。speed符合语境，故选B。20.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。competence能力，胜任；ignorance无知；uncertainty不确定性；security安全。句意：这种速度会造成一种虚假的“能力”感。人们因为查得快而觉得自己懂得多，competence最符合语境，故选A。21.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。intelligence智力，理解力；limitations局限性；achievements成就；expectations期望。句意：这种元认知错觉导致人们高估自己的“智力”。intelligence最符合语境，故选A。22.【答案】A【解析】考查逻辑连接词。Fortunately幸运的是；Unfortunately不幸的是；Ironically讽刺的是；Surprisingly惊讶的是。前文讲了数字健忘症的危害，后文说这种趋势是完全可逆的，这显然是一个好消息，故选A。23.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。increase增加；monitor监控；abandon放弃；advocate提倡。句意：专家建议进行“数字排毒”，即人们有意识地“放弃”使用技术的时期。abandontheiruseoftechnology意为放弃使用技术，符合数字排毒的定义，故选C。24.【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。breaking打破；forming形成；questioning质疑；observing观察。句意：通过“形成”记忆日常细节的习惯……formingthehabitof意为养成……的习惯，故选B。25.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。lose失去；diminish减少；rebuild重建；transfer转移。句意：人们可以慢慢“重建”他们的记忆能力。rebuild符合语境，故选C。26.【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。embrace拥抱，接受；abandon放弃；improve改善；challenge挑战。句意：关键不是完全“放弃”技术……abandon符合语境，故选B。27.【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。conflict冲突；solution解决方案；balance平衡；distinction区别。句意