2025年下半年广西崇左全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库

2025年下半年广西崇左全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库PartADirections:Youwillhearamonologueaboutthehistoryanddevelopmentofartificialintelligence.Listencarefullyandfillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhear.1.TheconceptofartificialintelligencewasfirstformallyintroducedataconferenceheldatDartmouthCollegeintheyear__________.2.EarlyAIresearchheavilyreliedonamethodknownasrule-basedsystems,whichlaterevolvedintowhatwenowcall__________systems.3.AmajorturningpointformodernAIwasthedevelopmentofdeeplearningalgorithms,whichareheavilydependentonvastamountsof__________.4.Despitethenumerousbenefits,expertsstillexpressconcernsregardingAI'spotentialimpactonemploymentanditsunpredictabilityincomplex__________situations.PartBDirections:Youwillhearseveralconversationsandmonologues.Aftereach,youwillhearseveralquestions.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices.Conversation15.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheman'svisittotheuniversity?A.Toattendagraduationceremony.B.Tointerviewforateachingposition.C.Todeliveraguestlectureonenvironmentalscience.D.Toconsultaprofessorabouthisresearchpaper.6.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemandobeforeleavingthecampus?A.Visitthenewlybuiltlibrary.B.Talktotheheadofthedepartment.C.Submithiscurriculumvitaetothehumanresourcesoffice.D.Meetwiththestudentunionrepresentatives.7.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthecampusatmosphere?A.Hefindsittooquietandisolated.B.Hethinksitishighlyvibrantandinspiring.C.Hefeelsitistoocrowdedandnoisy.D.Heconsidersitslightlyoutdatedbutfunctional.Monologue18.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthespeaker'spresentation?A.Thehistoryofurbantransportation.B.Thebenefitsofautonomousvehicles.C.Thechallengesofdesigningsmartcities.D.Thefutureofrenewableenergysources.9.Accordingtothespeaker,whatisthemostsignificantbarriertoimplementingsmartcityinfrastructure?A.Lackoftechnologicalexpertise.B.Highinitialfinancialinvestment.C.Publicresistancetodatacollection.D.Inadequategovernmentregulations.10.Whatsolutiondoesthespeakerproposetoovercomethisbarrier?A.Seekingprivatesectorfunding.B.Launchingpublicawarenesscampaigns.C.Implementinggradualandpilotprograms.D.Askingforinternationalfinancialaid.Conversation211.Whyisthewomanfrustratedwiththesoftwareupdate?A.Itdeletedallherprojectfiles.B.Itisincompatiblewithheroperatingsystem.C.Itchangedtheuserinterfacesignificantly.D.Itrequiresapaidsubscriptiontousebasicfeatures.12.Whatdoesthemanrecommendthewomandoinitially?A.Contactthetechnicalsupportteam.B.Downgradetothepreviousversion.C.Watchanonlinetutorialtoadapttothechanges.D.Uninstallthesoftwarecompletely.PartCDirections:Youwillhearamonologueaboutanenvironmentalconservationproject.Completethefollowingsentences.13.TheMarojejyNationalParkisprimarilyknownforprotectingtheendangered__________.14.Theconservationprojectaimstocombinelocalcommunitydevelopmentwith__________preservation.15.Touristsvisitingtheparkarerequiredtohirelocal__________toensureeconomicbenefitsreachthevillages.SectionII:UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordforeachnumberedblank.Therapidadvancementoftechnologyhasfundamentallyalteredthewayweperceiveandinteractwiththeworld.Amongthemostsignificantdevelopmentsistheriseofthe"gigeconomy,"alabormarketcharacterizedbyshort-termcontractsandfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs.Whilethisneweconomicparadigmoffersunprecedented16,italsobringsahostofchallengesthatsocietymustaddress.Ononehand,thegigeconomyprovidesworkerswiththeautonomytochoosetheirworkinghours,locations,andthe17ofprojectstheyundertake.Thisflexibilityisparticularly18toyoungprofessionalsandthosewhodesireabetterwork-lifebalance.Furthermore,companiesbenefitfroma19workforce,allowingthemtoscaleoperationsupordownrapidlyinresponsetomarket20.Ontheotherhand,the21oftraditionalemploymentbenefitsleavesgigworkersinaprecariousposition.Unlikefull-timeemployees,freelancersrarelyhave22tohealthinsurance,paidsickleave,orretirementplans.Thislackofasocialsafetynetmeansthatasuddenillnessora23indemandcanleadtoseverefinancialinstability.Additionally,thegigeconomyoften24fiercecompetitionamongworkers,drivingdownwagesand25workerstoacceptlowerpayjusttosecureacontract.Tomitigatetheseissues,policymakersandindustryleadersmustcollaborateto26newregulationsthatprotectgigworkerswithoutstiflinginnovation.One27approachistocreateanewlegalcategoryofemploymentthatacknowledgestheuniquenatureofgigwork.Thiscategorycould28certainbasicprotections,suchasaminimumwagefloorandaccesstoportablebenefitsthatarenot29toasingleemployer.Bydoingso,societycan30theentrepreneurialspiritofthegigeconomywhileensuringthatworkersarenotleft31inthecold.Furthermore,educationandtrainingprogramsshouldbe32tohelpfreelancerscontinuouslyupgradetheirskills.Inaneconomywheretasksareincreasinglyautomated,theabilitytolearnand33isthemostvaluableassetaworkercanpossess.Ultimately,thegigeconomyisnotapassing34butastructuralshiftinthelabormarket.Itis35thatwebuildaframeworksupportingbothflexibilityandsecurityforallparticipants.16.A.flexibilityB.rigidityC.stabilityD.complexity17.A.typeB.scaleC.scopeD.nature18.A.unappealingB.appealingC.irrelevantD.controversial19.A.permanentB.rigidC.agileD.traditional20.A.fluctuationsB.stabilityC.stagnationD.prosperity21.A.presenceB.abundanceC.absenceD.provision22.A.entranceB.accessC.meansD.approach23.A.surgeB.riseC.dropD.peak24.A.reducesB.minimizesC.discouragesD.fosters25.A.forcingB.encouragingC.invitingD.permitting26.A.dismantleB.formulateC.ignoreD.eliminate27.A.potentialB.feasibleC.impossibleD.radical28.A.guaranteeB.denyC.waiveD.restrict29.A.attachedB.detachedC.relatedD.tied30.A.suppressB.harnessC.extinguishD.hinder31.A.safelyB.securelyC.completelyD.out32.A.expandedB.reducedC.eliminatedD.suspended33.A.stagnateB.adaptC.resistD.retire34.A.trendB.errorC.phaseD.fad35.A.imperativeB.optionalC.accidentalD.trivialSectionIII:ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingtexts.AnswerthequestionsbychoosingA,B,C,orD.Text1Theconceptofneuroplasticityhasrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthehumanbrain.Fordecades,scientistsbelievedthattheadultbrainwasastaticorgan,hardwiredafterchildhoodandincapableofsignificantchange.However,groundbreakingresearchinthelate20thcenturydemonstratedthatthebrainis,infact,highlymalleable,constantlyrewiringitselfinresponsetoexperiences,learning,andeveninjury.Neuroplasticityoccursthroughseveralmechanisms.Whenwelearnanewskill,neuronsinthebrainformnewconnections,strengtheningthepathwaysassociatedwiththatskill.Conversely,pathwaysthatarerarelyusedmayweakenandeventuallybepruned.Thisprocess,knownassynapticpruning,ensuresthatthebrainoperatesefficientlybyallocatingresourcestofrequentlyusednetworks.Theimplicationsofneuroplasticityextendfarbeyondacademiccuriosity.Inthefieldofrehabilitation,itoffershopetopatientsrecoveringfromstrokesortraumaticbraininjuries.Throughtargetedtherapies,patientscansometimestrainundamagedpartsoftheirbrainstotakeoverthefunctionsofdamagedareas.Thisphenomenon,calledneurofunctionalreorganization,underscoresthebrain'sremarkableresilience.Moreover,neuroplasticityhasprofoundimplicationsformentalhealth.Chronicstressandtraumacannegativelyrewirethebrain,reinforcingpathwaysassociatedwithanxietyandfear.However,understandingthismechanismalsoprovidesapathwayfortreatment.Interventionssuchascognitive-behavioraltherapy(CBT)andmindfulnesspracticescanactivelyreshapeneuralpathways,helpingindividualsbreakfreefromdestructivethoughtpatterns.Byconsciouslydirectingourattentionandhabits,wecan,tosomeextent,sculptourownneuralarchitecture.Despiteitspotential,neuroplasticityisnotapanacea.Thebrain'sabilitytorewirediminisheswithage,andsevereneurologicaldamagemaybeirreparable.Nevertheless,thediscoverythatourbrainsaredynamic,lifelonglearnersremainsoneofthemostempoweringinsightsinmodernscience.36.Whatwasthetraditionalscientificviewoftheadultbrainbeforethediscoveryofneuroplasticity?A.Itwasconstantlyrewiringitselfafterchildhood.B.Itwashighlymalleableandcapableofchange.C.Itwasfixedandunchangeableafterchildhood.D.Itwasincapableofformingnewconnections.37.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofsynapticpruning?A.Tocreatenewneuralpathwaysfornewskills.B.Toallocatebrainresourcesefficientlybyremovingweakpathways.C.Tostrengthenthepathwaysassociatedwithfrequentlyusedskills.D.Tohelppatientsrecoverfromtraumaticbraininjuries.38.Howdoesneuroplasticityaidinstrokerehabilitation?A.Bygrowingentirelynewneuronsinthedamagedarea.B.Byteachingundamagedbrainregionstoperformlostfunctions.C.Bystrengtheningthedamagedneuralpathways.D.Bypreventingfurtherbraininjuries.39.Whatcanbeinferredaboutcognitive-behavioraltherapy(CBT)fromthepassage?A.Itislesseffectivethanmindfulnesspractices.B.Itworksbyphysicallyreshapingtheneuralpathways.C.Itisprimarilyusedtotreatphysicalbraininjuries.D.Itdiminishesthebrain'sabilitytorewire.40.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardneuroplasticity?A.Cautiouslyoptimistic.B.Completelydismissive.C.Mildlyskeptical.D.Overlyexaggerated.Text2Theglobalpushtowardsrenewableenergyhasgainedunprecedentedmomentuminrecentyears,drivenbytheurgentneedtomitigateclimatechange.Amongthevarioussourcesofcleanenergy,solarpowerhasemergedasafrontrunner.Thedramaticdecreaseinthecostofphotovoltaic(PV)panels,coupledwithtechnologicaladvancements,hasmadesolarenergyeconomicallycompetitivewithfossilfuelsinmanyregionsoftheworld.However,thetransitiontoasolar-centricenergygridisnotwithoutitschallenges.Oneofthemostsignificanthurdlesistheintermittencyofsolarpower.Unlikecoalornaturalgasplants,whichcanoperatecontinuously,solarpanelsonlygenerateelectricityduringdaylighthoursandaresubjecttoweatherfluctuations.Thisvariabilityposesaseriousthreattothestabilityoftheelectricalgrid,whichrequiresaconstantbalancebetweensupplyanddemand.Toaddressthisissue,energystoragesystemshavebecomethelinchpinoftherenewableenergyrevolution.Lithium-ionbatteries,currentlythedominantstoragetechnology,allowexcessenergygeneratedduringsunnyperiodstobestoredanddeployedwhenthesunisnotshining.Yet,lithium-ionbatterieshavetheirlimitations.Theyareexpensive,haveafinitelifespan,andrelyonrawmaterialslikecobaltandlithium,whoseextractionraisesenvironmentalandethicalconcerns.Consequently,researchersareexploringalternativestoragesolutions.Flowbatteries,forinstance,offerapromisingalternative.Theyuseliquidelectrolytesstoredinexternaltanks,meaningtheirenergycapacitycanbescaledupsimplybyincreasingthesizeofthetanks.Furthermore,theyhavealongerlifespanandsufferfromlessdegradationthanlithium-ionbatteries.Anotherinnovativeapproachistheuseofthermalstorage,whereexcesssolarenergyisusedtoheatmaterialslikemoltensalt,whichcanretainheatforextendedperiodsandbeusedtogenerateelectricityevenaftersunset.Ultimately,solvingtheintermittencyproblemwillrequireamultifacetedapproach.Combiningdiversestoragetechnologies,upgradinggridinfrastructure,anddevelopingsmartgridsthatcanintelligentlymanagedemandareallcrucialsteps.Thesunprovidesenoughenergyinasinglehourtopowerhumancivilizationforayear;thechallengeliesnotincapturingit,butinstoringanddistributingiteffectively.41.Whatisthemainreasonsolarpowerhasbecomeeconomicallyviable?A.Governmentsubsidiesforfossilfuelshavedecreased.B.ThecostofPVpanelshassignificantlydropped.C.Solarpanelscannowoperatecontinuously.D.Lithium-ionbatterieshavebecomecheaper.42.Whatdoestheterm"intermittency"meaninthecontextofthepassage?A.Thehighcostofmanufacturingsolarpanels.B.Theenvironmentaldamagecausedbyrawmaterialextraction.C.Theinconsistentandvariablenatureofsolarpowergeneration.D.Theconstantbalancebetweensupplyanddemandonthegrid.43.Whyarelithium-ionbatteriesconsideredanimperfectsolutionforsolarenergystorage?A.Theycannotstoreexcessenergyeffectively.B.Theyonlyworkduringdaylighthours.C.Theyaretoolargetobeinstalledonelectricalgrids.D.Theyarecostly,degradeovertime,andposeethicalsourcingissues.44.Howdoflowbatteriesdifferfromlithium-ionbatteries?A.Theyusesolidelectrolytesinsteadofliquidones.B.Theircapacitycanbeexpandedbyenlargingexternaltanks.C.Theyaremoreexpensiveandhaveashorterlifespan.D.Theygenerateelectricitydirectlyfrommoltensalt.45.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureofsolarenergyfromthelastparagraph?A.Asinglestoragetechnologywilleventuallysolvetheintermittencyproblem.B.Thechallengeofcapturingsolarenergyisgreaterthanstoringit.C.Acombinationofstrategiesisnecessarytomaximizesolarenergyutilization.D.Smartgridswillreplacetheneedforenergystoragesystems.Text3Inaneradefinedbydigitalconnectivity,thephenomenonofthe"echochamber"hasbecomeasubjectofintensescrutiny.Anechochamberoccurswhenindividualsareexposedprimarilytoinformation,opinions,andnewsthatalignwiththeirexistingbeliefs.Algorithmsusedbysocialmediaplatformsexacerbatethiseffectbytrackinguserbehaviorandfeedingthemcontentdesignedtomaximizeengagement,whichoftenmeansreinforcingtheirworldviewratherthanchallengingit.Theconsequencesoflivinginanechochamberareprofound.Onanindividuallevel,itcanleadtoconfirmationbias,wherepeoplebecomeentrenchedintheirviewsanddismisscontradictoryevidence.Thisintellectualisolationfostersextremism,asindividualsarenotexposedtothemoderatinginfluenceofdissentingopinions.Onasocietallevel,echochamberscontributetopoliticalpolarization.Whendifferentgroupsoperateinentirelydifferentinformationecosystems,findingcommongroundbecomesnearlyimpossible,leadingtosocietalfragmentation.Breakingoutoftheechochamberrequiresconsciouseffort.Onestrategyistoactivelyseekoutdiverseperspectives.Thisdoesnotmeansimplyreadingnewsfromopposingpoliticalfactions,butratherengagingwithnuancedanalysesandindependentjournalismthatprioritizesobjectivityoversensationalism.Furthermore,individualscanmanipulatethealgorithmsbydeliberatelyfollowingaccountswithdiverseviewpoints,forcingtheplatformtopresentawiderarrayofinformation.Educationalinstitutionsalsoplayacriticalrole.Medialiteracyprogramsshouldbeintegratedintoschoolcurriculatoteachstudentshowtocriticallyevaluatesources,recognizealgorithmicbias,anddistinguishbetweenfactualreportingandopinionpieces.Byequippingthenextgenerationwiththeseskills,societycanbuildamoreresilientcitizenrycapableofnavigatingthecomplexdigitalinformationlandscape.Ultimately,whiletechnologyhasfacilitatedthecreationofechochambers,humanagencycandismantlethem.Byactivelycultivatingintellectualhumilityandembracingcognitivediscomfort—thewillingnesstohaveourbeliefschallenged—wecanensurethatourdigitalconnectivityexpandsourhorizonsratherthannarrowingthem.46.Whatcausesthe"echochamber"effectonsocialmediaplatforms?A.Usersactivelysearchingforopposingviewpoints.B.Algorithmsthatprioritizeuserengagementbyreinforcingexistingbeliefs.C.Educationalinstitutionsfailingtoteachmedialiteracy.D.Independentjournalismprioritizingobjectivityoversensationalism.47.Accordingtothepassage,whatisasocietalconsequenceofechochambers?A.Increasedengagementonsocialmediaplatforms.B.Agreaterwillingnesstoacceptcontradictoryevidence.C.Heightenedpoliticalpolarizationandsocietalfragmentation.D.Improvedabilitytofindcommongroundamongdifferentgroups.48.Whatdoestheauthorrecommendasastrategytobreakoutofanechochamber?A.Engagingonlywithsensationalistnewstounderstandextremism.B.Relyingsolelyonalgorithmstoprovidediverseperspectives.C.Readingnewsexclusivelyfromopposingpoliticalfactions.D.Followingaccountswithvariedviewpointstoalteralgorithmicsuggestions.49.Whydoestheauthoremphasizemedialiteracyinschools?A.Toteachstudentshowtocreatebetteralgorithms.B.Topreventstudentsfromusingsocialmediaplatforms.C.Toenablestudentstocriticallyevaluatedigitalinformationsources.D.Toencouragestudentstofocussolelyonfactualreporting.50.Whatdoesthephrase"cognitivediscomfort"refertointhefinalparagraph?A.Thefrustrationofdealingwithmalfunctioningtechnology.B.Thephysicalpaincausedbyprolongedscreentime.C.Thewillingnesstoconfrontideasthatchallengeone'sownbeliefs.D.Theconfusionarisingfromreadingsensationalizednews.PartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandcompletethesentencesbelowbychoosingthebestheadingforeachparagraph.Theriseofremoteworkhastransformednotjustcorporateculturebutalsothephysicalspacesweinhabit.Citiesaroundtheworldaregrapplingwiththephenomenonof"donuteffects,"whereurbancentersemptyoutasresidentsmigratetothesuburbsorruralareasinsearchofmorespaceandlowerlivingcosts.Thisshiftpresentsbothopportunitiesandchallengesforurbanplanners.[51]__________Themostimmediatevisibleimpactoftheremoteworkrevolutionistheunderutilizationofcommercialrealestate.Withfeweremployeescommutingtodowntownoffices,manyskyscrapersremainpartiallyempty.Thisvacanciescrisisthreatensthefinancialmodelsofcommercialpropertyownersandreducesthefoottrafficthatlocalbusinesses,suchascafesandretailshops,relyontosurvive.[52]__________Toadapt,cityplannersareincreasinglylookingattheconceptofmixed-usedevelopment.Ratherthanzoningareasexclusivelyforcommercialorresidentialpurposes,thenewapproachinvolvesintegratingoffices,housing,andrecreationalspaceswithinthesameneighborhoods.Convertingvacantofficebuildingsintoresidentialapartmentsisaprimeexampleofthisadaptivereuse,whichcanrevitalizedowntownareasandmakethemvibrantoutsideoftraditionalbusinesshours.[53]__________Themigrationtosuburbshasalsoledtoanincreaseddemandforlocalinfrastructureintheseareas.Suburbancommunitiesarefindingthemselvesneedingbetterpublictransportation,high-speedinternet,andco-workingspaces.Asaresult,suburbsareevolvingfrommereresidentialenclavesintoself-sufficienthubswherepeoplecanbothliveandwork,reducingtheirdependenceontheurbancore.[54]__________Furthermore,theshiftinpopulationdistributionoffersauniqueopportunitytoaddressenvironmentalconcerns.Lesscommutingmeansreducedgreenhousegasemissionsfromvehicles.However,urbanplannersmustbecarefultoensurethatsuburbansprawldoesnotleadtothedestructionofgreenspacesorincreasedrelianceonprivateautomobilesforlocalerrands.Promotingwalkableneighborhoodsandinvestingingreenpublictransportareessentialsteps.[55]__________Inconclusion,thefutureofcitiesinaremote-workeradependsonflexibilityandinnovation.Urbancentersmusttransitionfrombeingexclusivelycommercialhubstobecomingdiverse,livablespaces.Byembracingmixed-usedevelopmentsandstrengtheningsuburbaninfrastructure,citiescancreateamorebalanced,sustainable,andresilientenvironmentforallresidents.A.TheEvolutionofSuburbanCommunitiesB.TheThreatofCommercialVacanciesC.EnvironmentalImplicationsandSolutionsD.TheNecessityofMixed-UseDevelopmentE.TheBrightFutureofCommercialRealEstateF.RethinkingtheUrbanCoreSectionIV:WritingPartADirections:Youareamemberofthestudentunion.Youareorganizingacampus-widebookexchangeeventtopromotesustainablereading.Writeanemailtoallstudentstoinvitethemtoparticipate.Inyouremail,youshould:1.Statethepurposeoftheevent.2.Explainhowtheexchangewillwork.3.Providedetailsregardingthetimeandlocationoftheevent.PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsonthefollowingtopic:Somepeoplebelievethattechnologicaladvancementsareleadingtoalossofgenuinehumanconnection,whileothersarguethattechnologybringspeopleclosertogether.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.AnswerKeyandExplanationsSectionI:ListeningComprehensionPartA1.1956Explanation:ThemonologuediscussestheDartmouthConference,whichishistoricallyrecognizedasthefoundingeventofartificialintelligence,takingplaceinthesummerof1956.2.expertExplanation:TheaudioexplainsthatearlyAIutilizedrule-basedlogic,whichlaterevolvedintowhatarenowcommonlyreferredtoasexpertsystems,designedtomimichumandecision-makinginspecificdomains.3.dataExplanation:Thespeakernotesthatthebreakthroughofdeeplearningwasfundamentallydrivenbytheavailabilityofmassivedatasets,whichallowalgorithmstolearnpatternseffectively.4.decision-makingExplanation:TherecordinghighlightsthatwhileAIisbeneficial,itsunpredictablebehaviorincomplexdecision-makingscenariosremainsaprimaryconcernamongindustryexperts.PartB5.CExplanation:Intheconversation,themanexplicitlystatesheisvisitingtheuniversitytodeliveraguestlectureonenvironmentalscience,nottointerviewforajoborattendaceremony.6.AExplanation:Thewomanadvisesthemantotakeatourofthenewlybuiltlibrarybeforeleavingthecampus,asitisasignificantarchitecturalachievementandasourceofpridefortheuniversity.7.BExplanation:Themancommentsonthevibrantandinspiringatmosphereofthecampus,notingtheenergyofthestudentsandthewell-maintainedgrounds.8.CExplanation:Themonologueisprimarilyfocusedonthevariouschallengesfacedbyurbanplannerswhendesigningandimplementingsmartcityinfrastructure.9.BExplanation:Thespeakeridentifiesthehighinitialfinancialinvestmentasthemostsignificantbarrier,pointingoutthatupgradingexistinginfrastructureto"smart"standardsrequiresmassivecapital.10.CExplanation:Toovercomethefinancialbarrier,thespeakerproposesimplementinggradualandpilotprograms,allowingcitiestotesttechnologiesonasmallerscalebeforecommittingtofull-scaleinvestments.11.CExplanation:Thewomanexpressesfrustrationbecausethesoftwareupdatecompletelychangedtheuserinterface,makingitdifficultforhertofindthetoolsshewasaccustomedtousing.12.CExplanation:Themaninitiallyrecommendsthatthewomanwatchanonlinetutorialtoadapttothenewchanges,suggestingthatthenewlayouthaspowerfulfeaturesonceunderstood.PartC13.silkysifakaExplanation:ThemonologuespecifiesthattheMarojejyNationalParkisgloballyrecognizedforitseffortstoprotectthesilkysifaka,acriticallyendangeredprimatespecies.14.biodiversityExplanation:Thespeakeremphasizesthattheproject'scorephilosophyistointertwinetheeconomicdevelopmentoflocalcommunitieswiththepreservationoftheregion'suniquebiodiversity.15.guidesExplanation:Theparkrequiresalltouriststohirelocalguides,whichensuresthataportionofthetourismrevenuedirectlybenefitsthesurroundingvillages.SectionII:UseofEnglish16.A.flexibilityExplanation:Thecontextdiscussesthegigeconomyallowingworkerstochoosewhenandwheretowork,whichdirectlycorrelateswith"flexibility."Theotheroptions(rigidity,stability,complexity)donotfitthecontextofautonomy.17.A.typeExplanation:Workerscanchoosethe"type"ofprojectstheyundertake."Scale"or"scope"couldpotentiallyfitgrammatically,but"type"pairsbestwiththeverb"undertake"inthecontextofselectingdifferentkindsofwork.18.B.appealingExplanation:Sincethecontexthighlightspositiveaspectslikework-lifebalance,flexibilitymustbe"appealing"(attractive)toyoungprofessionals."Unappealing"or"irrelevant"contradictsthetone.19.C.agileExplanation:Companiesbenefitfromaworkforcethatcanscaleoperationsupordownrapidly,whichdefinesan"agile"workforce."Permanent"or"rigid"contradictthenatureofthegigeconomy.20.A.fluctuationsExplanation:Companiesscaleoperationsinresponsetomarket"fluctuations"(changes)."Stability"or"stagnation"wouldnotrequirescalingupordownrapidly.21.C.absenceExplanation:Thepassagecontrastsgigworkwithtraditionalemployment.Gigworkerslackbenefits,sothe"absence"oftraditionalemploymentbenefitsleavesthemvulnerable.22.B.accessExplanation:Thecorrectcollocationis"haveaccessto,"meaningtheabilitytouseorobtainsomething.Freelancersrarelyhaveaccesstohealthinsurance.23.C.dropExplanation:A"drop"indemandwouldcausefinancialinstabilityforafreelancer.A"surge"or"rise"wouldbebeneficial,notharmful.24.D.fostersExplanation:Thegigeconomy"fosters"(encouragesorpromotes)fiercecompetitionamongworkers."Reduces"or"discourages"wouldmeantheopposite.25.A.forcingExplanation:Competitiondrivesdownwages,thereby"forcing"workerstoacceptlowerpay.Thisimpliesalackofchoice,fittingtheprecariouspositiondescribed.26.B.formulateExplanation:Policymakersmust"formulate"(createordevelop)newregulations."Dismantle"or"ignore"wouldnotprotectworkers.27.B.feasibleExplanation:A"feasible"(practicalandpossible)approachisneeded."Impossible"or"radical"donotfitthedesireforpracticalsolutions.28.A.guaranteeExplanation:Thenewlegalcategorycould"guarantee"(ensure)certainbasicpr