广东省梅州市全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库(2025年下半年)

广东省梅州市全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库(2025年下半年)SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Itcontainsthreeparts:PartA,PartB,andPartC.PartAYouwillhearamonologueaboutthedevelopmentofurbangreenspaces.ListentothemonologueandcompletethesentencesinQuestions1-5withtheinformationyouhaveheard.Writenomorethanthreewordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingonlyonce.1.Theconceptofurbangreenspaceshasevolvedfrommereaestheticdecorationstovitalcomponentsofmodern________.2.Urbanparksplayacrucialroleinmitigatingtheurbanheatislandeffectbyprovidingextensive________.3.Recentstudiesindicatethatresidentslivingwithina10-minutewalktoagreenspacereportsignificantlylowerlevelsof________.4.Thecitycouncilhasallocatedasubstantialbudgetfortheconstructionofrooftopgardensandvertical________.5.Oneoftheprimarychallengesinmaintainingthesespacesissecuringlong-termfundingandconsistent________.PartBYouwillhearthreedialoguesormonologues.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhave5secondstoreadthequestions.Afterlistening,youwillhavetimetoanswerthequestions.Youwillheareachpieceonlyonce.Questions6-8arebasedonthefollowingconversationaboutasoftwareupgradeproject.6.Whatisthemainproblemthespeakersarediscussing?[A]Theprojectbudgethasbeenseverelycut.[B]Thenewsoftwareupdateiscausingsystemcrashes.[C]TheITdepartmentisunderstaffedforthenewproject.[D]Theclientisdissatisfiedwiththecurrentsoftwareinterface.7.Whydoesthemansuggestdelayingtherollout?[A]Totraintheemployeesonthenewsystem.[B]Towaitforthevendortoreleaseapatch.[C]Toavoiddisruptingtheupcomingfinancialaudit.[D]Togathermorefeedbackfromthebetatesters.8.Whatwillthewomanmostlikelydonext?[A]Callthesoftwarevendortocomplain.[B]Scheduleameetingwiththefinancialdepartment.[C]Draftanemailtotheprojectstakeholders.[D]AsktheITteamtoreverttotheoldsystem.Questions9-12arebasedonamonologueaboutdeep-seaexploration.9.WhatmakestheMarianaTrenchdifficulttoexplore?[A]Freezingwatertemperaturesandlackoflight.[B]Extremeatmosphericpressureandtechnicallimitations.[C]Unpredictableoceancurrentsandfrequentearthquakes.[D]Highconcentrationoftoxicvolcanicgases.10.Howdidtherecentsubmersiblemissionmanagetonavigatethetrench?[A]Byusingadvancedsonarmappingsystems.[B]Byfollowingapre-plottedrouteusingsatellitedata.[C]Byutilizinganautonomousunderwaterdrone.[D]Byrelyingonmanualsteeringbyexperiencedpilots.11.Whatsurprisingbiologicaldiscoverywasmentionedinthetalk?[A]Anewspeciesofbioluminescentjellyfish.[B]Microorganismssurvivingnearhydrothermalvents.[C]Atypeofdeep-seacoralthatgrowsrapidly.[D]Fishthatcanwithstandextremepressurechanges.12.Whatisthespeaker'soverallattitudetowardsfuturedeep-seaexploration?[A]Cautiouslyoptimisticbutconcernedaboutcosts.[B]Highlyenthusiasticandsupportiveofinvestment.[C]Indifferentduetothelackofimmediatecommercialvalue.[D]Pessimisticbecauseoftheenvironmentalrisksinvolved.Questions13-15arebasedonthefollowingconversationaboutanarchaeologicaldiscovery.13.Wherewastheancientartifactdiscovered?[A]InacoastalcaveinSpain.[B]BeneathanewlyconstructedsubwaylineinRome.[C]Inadried-upriverbedinEgypt.[D]InsideapreviouslysealedtombinGreece.14.Whatisuniqueabouttheartifactmentioned?[A]Itcontainsapreviouslyunknownwrittenlanguage.[B]Itismadeofararemeteoricironalloy.[C]ItdatesbacktotheearlyBronzeAge.[D]Itdepictsacomplexastronomicalmap.15.Whatdotheexpertsplantodonext?[A]Displaytheartifactinanationalmuseumimmediately.[B]Useradiocarbondatingtoverifyitsexactage.[C]Excavatethesurroundingareaformorerelics.[D]Conductachemicalanalysisofthematerial.PartCYouwillhearamonologueaboutbehavioraleconomics.Whilelistening,youmustanswerQuestions16-20.Youwillheartherecordingonlyonce.16.Accordingtothespeaker,whatisthefundamentalassumptionoftraditionaleconomics?[A]Peoplealwaysactrationallytomaximizetheirownutility.[B]Humanbehaviorisentirelyunpredictableinmarketsituations.[C]Consumersareheavilyinfluencedbyemotionaladvertising.[D]Marketsnaturallyregulatethemselveswithoutintervention.17.Whatdoesthe"endowmenteffect"demonstrate?[A]Peoplearemorelikelytobuyproductsendorsedbycelebrities.[B]Individualsvalueanitemmorehighlysimplybecausetheyownit.[C]Consumerstendtospendmorewhenusingcreditcardsinsteadofcash.[D]Buyerswilloverwhelminglychoosethemiddle-pricedoption.18.Howdosupermarketsuse"decoypricing"toincreasesales?[A]Byofferingmassivediscountsonperishablegoods.[B]Byplacingthemostexpensiveitemsateyelevel.[C]Byintroducingalessattractiveoptiontomakeanotherseembetter.[D]Byprovidingfreesamplesneartheentranceofthestore.19.Whatisthesignificanceofthe"paradoxofchoice"?[A]Havingtoomanyoptionscanleadtodecisionparalysisanddissatisfaction.[B]Consumerswillalwaysdemandmorechoicesregardlessofthecontext.[C]Limitedchoicesincreasetheperceivedvalueofaproduct.[D]Peopleprefermakingchoicesquicklywithoutmuchdeliberation.20.Whatisthespeaker'smainpointregardingbehavioraleconomics?[A]Itprovesthattraditionaleconomicmodelsarecompletelyobsolete.[B]Itprovidesamoreaccurateunderstandingofhumandecision-makingbyincorporatingpsychology.[C]Itshouldbestrictlyregulatedbygovernmentauthoritiestoprotectconsumers.[D]Itfocusessolelyonhowbusinessesmanipulateconsumersintobuyingunnecessaryitems.SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankfromthefouroptionsmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Thephenomenonofremoteworkhasundergonearadicaltransformationoverthepastdecade.Onceconsideredarare21,telecommutinghasnowbecomea22normformillionsofprofessionalsworldwide.Thisshiftwasgreatly23byglobaleventsthatforcedorganizationstorapidly24theiroperationalmodels.25initialconcernsregardingproductivityandcommunication,manycompaniesdiscoveredthatremoteworkcouldbe26beneficial.However,thetransitionhasnotbeenwithoutits27.Oneofthemostsignificantissuesisthe28ofboundariesbetweenprofessionalandpersonallife.Withoutthephysical29ofanoffice,employeesoftenfindthemselvesansweringemailslateatnightorworkingthroughweekends.Thisconstantconnectivitycanleadto30anddecreasedjobsatisfaction.To31thisproblem,forward-thinkingcompaniesareimplementing"righttodisconnect"policies.Thesepolicies32employeestoignorework-relatedcommunicationsoutsideoftheirdesignatedworkinghours.Furthermore,managersarebeingtrainedtorecognizethesignsofdigitalfatigueandto33aculturewheretakingbreaksisencouragedratherthan54.Anotherchallengeismaintainingteamcohesionandastrongcorporateculture.Inaphysicaloffice,35interactionsbythecoffeemachineorinthehallwayfosterasenseofbelonging.36,remoteenvironmentsrequiredeliberateeffortstobuildrelationships.Companiesarenow37virtualsocialevents,onlineteam-buildingexercises,andregularcheck-insto38thegap.Lookingahead,itisclearthata39approachwilllikelyprevail.Thefutureofworkmaynotbeentirelyremote,butratheraflexiblemodelthatcombinesthebestelementsofbothphysicaland40workspaces.21.[A]privilege[B]burden[C]anomaly[D]obligation22.[A]temporary[B]permanent[C]superficial[D]mainstream23.[A]accelerated[B]hindered[C]resisted[D]ignored24.[A]abandon[B]adapt[C]reject[D]simplify25.[A]Despite[B]Becauseof[C]Regarding[D]Inadditionto26.[A]marginally[B]rarely[C]equally[D]surprisingly27.[A]benefits[B]challenges[C]supporters[D]alternatives28.[A]establishment[B]enforcement[C]blurring[D]crossing29.[A]absence[B]presence[C]constraints[D]separation30.[A]burnout[B]motivation[C]enthusiasm[D]efficiency31.[A]address[B]ignore[C]complicate[D]postpone32.[A]compel[B]empower[C]forbid[D]require33.[A]suppress[B]criticize[C]cultivate[D]evaluate34.[A]rewarded[B]discouraged[C]ignored[D]celebrated35.[A]formal[B]planned[C]accidental[D]scheduled36.[A]Consequently[B]Therefore[C]Similarly[D]Conversely37.[A]cancelling[B]organizing[C]delaying[D]avoiding38.[A]widen[B]bridge[C]create[D]maintain39.[A]hybrid[B]traditional[C]remote[D]rigid40.[A]public[B]virtual[C]industrial[D]commercialSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingthreetexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].Text1Theconceptofuniversalbasicincome(UBI)hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasapotentialsolutiontotheeconomicdisparitiesexacerbatedbyautomationandglobalization.UBIisasystemwhereallcitizensofacountryreceivearegular,unconditionalsumofmoneyfromthegovernment,regardlessoftheiremploymentstatusorwealth.Proponentsarguethatthissafetynetwoulderadicateextremepoverty,provideindividualswiththefreedomtopursueeducationorentrepreneurialventures,andsimplifycomplexwelfaresystems.However,theimplementationofUBIisfraughtwithlogisticalandeconomicchallenges.Themostobviousconcernisthefinancialcost.Providingasubstantialmonthlyincometoeverycitizenwouldrequireanenormousbudget,potentiallynecessitatingsignificanttaxincreasesorcutstootherpublicservices.CriticsalsoarguethatUBImightdisincentivizework,leadingtoadecreaseinlaborsupplyandaslowdownineconomicgrowth.Theysuggestthatpeoplemightchoosetoliveoffthebasicincomeratherthanengaginginproductiveemployment,particularlyforlow-payingorundesirablejobs.Severalpilotprogramshavebeenconductedworldwidetotestthesehypotheses,withmixedresults.InFinland,atwo-yearUBIexperimentshowedaslightincreaseinemploymentamongparticipantscomparedtothecontrolgroup,alongwithnotableimprovementsinmentalwell-beingandtrustinsocialinstitutions.Conversely,othertrialshaveindicatedthatwhileUBIimprovesqualityoflife,itdoesnotnecessarilyleadtosignificantshiftsinemploymentpatterns,andthelong-termfinancialsustainabilityremainsquestionable.41.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthetext?[A]ToadvocatefortheimmediateimplementationofUBIworldwide.[B]TopresentabalancedoverviewoftheargumentssurroundingUBI.[C]TocriticizetheFinnishUBIexperimentforitsflawedmethodology.[D]ToprovethatUBIwillinevitablyleadtoeconomiccollapse.42.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisabenefitofUBImentionedbyitssupporters?[A]Itencouragespeopletotakeuplow-payingjobs.[B]Itcomplicatestheexistingwelfaresystems.[C]Iteliminatesextremepovertyandfosterspersonaldevelopment.[D]Itsignificantlyreducestheneedfortaxation.43.WhatisamajorcriticismofUBIregardingitsimpactontheworkforce?[A]Itmightcausepeopletostopworking,damagingtheeconomy.[B]Itforcesthegovernmenttoraiseminimumwages.[C]Itcreatesasurplusoflabor,drivingdownwages.[D]Itdisproportionatelybenefitswealthycitizens.44.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheFinnishUBIexperiment?[A]ItprovedthatUBIisfinanciallysustainableinthelongterm.[B]Itresultedinamassivedecreaseinthelaborsupply.[C]Ithadapositiveeffectonthepsychologicalhealthofparticipants.[D]Itwasacompletefailurethatdiscouragedfurtherresearch.45.Theword"disincentivize"inthesecondparagraphmostnearlymeans________.[A]motivate[B]penalize[C]discourage[D]rewardText2Theexplorationofthecosmoshashistoricallybeendrivenbynationalisticprideandgeopoliticalcompetition,notablyduringtheColdWar'sSpaceRace.However,the21stcenturyhaswitnessedaparadigmshift:theriseofcommercialspaceflight.Privatecompanies,backedbybillionaireentrepreneursandventurecapital,arenowleadingthechargeinspaceinnovation,drasticallyreducingthecostofaccesstoorbit.Thisshiftislargelyduetothedevelopmentofreusablerockettechnology.Bylandingandrefurbishingthefirststageofarocket,companiescansavemillionsofdollarsperlaunch,afeatthatwasconsideredimpossibleafewdecadesago.Thecommercializationofspaceextendsfarbeyondlaunchingsatellites.Thereareambitiousplansforspacetourism,asteroidmining,andeventhecolonizationofMars.Proponentsofasteroidminingarguethatnear-Earthasteroidsarerichinrareearthmetalsandwater.ExtractingtheseresourcescouldsolveEarth'sresourcescarcityandprovidethenecessarymaterialsfordeepspaceexploration.Forinstance,waterextractedfromasteroidscanbesplitintohydrogenandoxygentocreaterocketfuelinorbit,effectivelycreatingcosmicgasstations.However,thelegalandethicalframeworksgoverningouterspaceareseverelyoutdated.TheOuterSpaceTreatyof1967,draftedduringtheColdWar,prohibitstheplacementofnuclearweaponsinspaceandestablishesthatspaceisthe"provinceofallmankind."Yet,itremainssilentontherightsofprivatecorporationstoextractandsellcelestialresources.Thislegalambiguitycouldleadtoa"WildWest"scenarioinspace,wherepowerfulcompaniesexploitresourceswithoutregardforenvironmentaldegradationorequitablebenefitsharing.Furthermore,theenvironmentalimpactofincreasingthenumberofobjectsinlowEarthorbit(LEO)raisesconcernsaboutspacedebris,whichthreatensexistingsatellitesandfuturemissions.46.WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenspaceexplorationintheColdWarandtoday?[A]Spaceexplorationisnowentirelyfundedbygovernments.[B]Thefocushasshiftedfromscientificdiscoverytomilitaryapplications.[C]Privateenterprisesarenowmajordriversofspaceinnovation.[D]TheOuterSpaceTreatyisnolongerconsideredvalid.47.Howhasreusablerockettechnologyaffectedthespaceindustry?[A]Ithasincreasedthecostofspacemissionssignificantly.[B]Ithasmadespaceaccessmoreeconomicalandfeasible.[C]IthasmadeitimpossibletolaunchsatellitesintoLEO.[D]Ithascausedanincreaseinspacedebris.48.Accordingtothepassage,whyiswaterextractionfromasteroidsimportant?[A]Itcanbeusedtogrowfoodinspace.[B]Itcanbeconvertedintorocketfuelforfurtherspacetravel.[C]ItisnecessarytosolvethewatershortageonEarth.[D]Itcanbesoldtotouristsvisitingspacestations.49.Whatisamajorconcernregardingthecommercializationofspace?[A]Thelackofinterestfrombillionaireentrepreneurs.[B]Thehighcostofdevelopingreusablerockettechnology.[C]Theabsenceofclearlawsregulatingprivateresourceextraction.[D]Themonopolyofgovernmentspaceagencies.50.Thephrase"provinceofallmankind"inthethirdparagraphsuggeststhatspaceshouldbe________.[A]dividedequallyamongallnations[B]usedforthebenefitofeveryone,notjustoneentity[C]exclusivelygovernedbytheUnitedNations[D]leftcompletelyuntouchedandunexploredText3Theadventofartificialintelligence(AI)inhealthcarepromisestorevolutionizepatientdiagnosticsandtreatmentprotocols.Machinelearningalgorithms,trainedonvastdatasetsofmedicalrecords,imaging,andgeneticinformation,canidentifypatternsthateludeeventhemostexperiencedhumanphysicians.Forexample,inthefieldofradiology,AIsystemscannowdetectearlysignsoftumorsinX-raysandMRIscanswithremarkableaccuracy,oftencatchingabnormalitiesatastagewhentheyarehighlytreatable.Thiscapabilitynotonlyimprovespatientoutcomesbutalsoalleviatestheworkloadofmedicalprofessionals,allowingthemtofocusoncomplexcasesthatrequirehumanempathyandnuanceddecision-making.Despitetheseextraordinarybenefits,theintegrationofAIintoclinicalpracticeishinderedbyasignificantobstacle:the"blackbox"problem.Deeplearningmodels,thefoundationofmodernAI,operatebyprocessingdatathroughmultiplelayersofartificialneuralnetworks.TheinnerworkingsofthesenetworksaresocomplexthateventheircreatorscannotfullyexplainhowtheAIarrivesataspecificconclusion.Thisopacityishighlyproblematicinmedicine,whereunderstandingtherationalebehindadiagnosisiscrucial.IfanAIrecommendsahigh-risksurgicalprocedure,doctorsandpatientsmustbeabletounderstandthereasoningtoweightherisksandbenefitseffectively.Withouttransparency,trustinthetechnologyisseverelyundermined.Furthermore,algorithmicbiasrepresentsaformidablechallengetotheequitabledeploymentofmedicalAI.IfanAIsystemistrainedpredominantlyonmedicaldatafromonedemographicgroup,itsaccuracymaydiminishwhenappliedtopopulationswithdifferentgeneticorenvironmentalbackgrounds.Forinstance,anAItrainedonimagesoflight-skinnedpatientsmightbelesseffectiveatdetectingmelanomaindark-skinnedpatients,leadingtomisdiagnosesandexacerbatingexistinghealthcaredisparities.Addressingthisrequiresaconcertedefforttoensurethattrainingdatasetsarediverseandrepresentativeoftheglobalpopulation,aswellasongoingauditsofAIperformanceacrossdifferentdemographicsegments.51.WhatistheprimaryadvantageofusingAIinradiology,asstatedinthetext?[A]Itcompletelyreplacestheneedforhumanradiologists.[B]Itcandetectearly-stagetumorswithhighprecision.[C]Itspeedsuptheadministrativeprocessinhospitals.[D]Itreducesthecostofmedicalimagingforpatients.52.Whatdoesthe"blackbox"problemrefertointhecontextofAI?[A]ThephysicalhardwarelimitationsofAIservers.[B]ThedifficultyinunderstandinghowAIreachesitsconclusions.[C]ThetendencyofAItodeletemedicalrecordsautomatically.[D]TherefusalofAIdeveloperstosharetheirtechnology.53.WhyisalgorithmicbiasaprobleminhealthcareAI?[A]ItcausesAIsystemstoruntooslowlyforemergencyrooms.[B]Itleadstounequalaccuracyandpotentialmisdiagnosesacrossdifferentgroups.[C]ItmakesAIsystemstooexpensivefordevelopingcountries.[D]Itforcesdoctorstorelyonoutdateddiagnosticmethods.54.Accordingtothepassage,howcantheissueofalgorithmicbiasbeaddressed?[A]Byensuringtrainingdatasetsarediverseandrepresentative.[B]ByrestrictingtheuseofAItowealthy,privatehospitals.[C]ByallowingAItotrainitselfwithouthumanintervention.[D]Byreducingthecomplexityoftheartificialneuralnetworks.55.Theauthor'stonethroughoutthepassagecanbestbedescribedas________.[A]highlyskepticalanddismissiveofAItechnology[B]completelyenthusiasticanduncritical[C]objective,highlightingbothbenefitsandchallenges[D]criticalofthemedicalprofession'sresistancetotechnologyPartBReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Theconceptofresiliencehasbecomeabuzzwordinmodernpsychologyandcorporatemanagement.(56)Itreferstotheabilityofanindividualoranorganizationtorecoverquicklyfromdifficultiesandadaptpositivelytoadversity.Inanincreasinglyvolatile,uncertain,complex,andambiguous(VUCA)world,resilienceisnolongerjustadesirabletrait;itisacriticalsurvivalmechanism.(57)Traditionally,resiliencewasviewedasafixedpersonalitytraitthatsomepeoplenaturallypossessedandotherslacked.However,contemporaryresearchsuggeststhatresilienceismorelikeamusclethatcanbedevelopedandstrengthenedthroughdeliberatepracticeandexperience.(58)Individualswhoexhibithighlevelsofresiliencedonotviewfailuresaspermanentdefeats,butratherasvaluablelearningopportunitiesthatprovideinsightsforfuturesuccess.Theypossessagrowthmindset,understandingthattheirabilitiescanevolveovertime.Attheorganizationallevel,resilienceinvolvescreatingaculturethatencouragesinnovationandtoleratescalculatedrisks.(59)Companiesthatrigidlyadheretooutdatedprotocolsinthefaceofsuddenmarketshiftsarefarmorelikelytocollapsethanthosethatembraceflexibility.Furthermore,resilientorganizationsprioritizethewell-beingoftheiremployees,recognizingthataburnt-outworkforceisinherentlyfragile.(60)Byinvestingincontinuouslearningprogramsandfosteringasupportiveenvironment,businessescanbuildaresilientworkforcecapableofweatheringfuturestorms.SectionIVWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic"TheImpactofArtificialIntelligenceonHigherEducation".Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Yourcompositionmustbebasedonthefollowingoutline:1.StatethecurrentpenetrationofAIinhighereducation.2.Discussthepotentialbenefitsandchallengesofthistrend.3.Provideyourownopiniononhowuniversitiesshouldadapt.SectionVAnswersandDetailedExplanationsSectionIListeningComprehensionPartA1.infrastructureThemonologueexplicitlymentionsthaturbangreenspacesarenolongerjustaestheticdecorationsbutarevitalcomponentsofmoderninfrastructure.Theword"infrastructure"accuratelycapturesthestructuralandfoundationalrolethesespacesplayincityplanning.2.treecanopiesThespeakerdiscusseshowurbanparksmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffect,specificallybyprovidingextensivetreecanopiesthatoffershadeandfacilitateevapotranspiration."Treecanopies"isthecorrecttwo-wordphrase.3.stressThemonologuecitesarecentstudyindicatingthatresidentswitha10-minutewalktoagreenspacereportsignificantlylowerlevelsofstress.Theanswerrequiresasinglenoun,and"stress"directlyfollowstheadjective"lowerlevelsof"intheaudiocontext.4.farmingThecitycouncil'sbudgetallocationisexplicitlymentionedtobefortheconstructionofrooftopgardensandverticalfarming."Verticalfarming"isarecognizedterminurbanagriculture.Thespeakeridentifiessecuringlong-termfundingandconsistentcommunityengagementastheprimarychallengesinmaintainingtheseurbangreenspaces.Thephrase"communityengagement"fitsthethree-wordlimitperfectly.PartB6.[B]Themanmentionsthatthenewsoftwareupdateiscausingsystemcrashesacrosstheaccountingdepartment.Thewomanconfirmsthisbysayingthesystemwentdownagainyesterday.Thus,themainproblemisthesystemcrashescausedbytheupdate.7.[C]Themansuggestsdelayingtherolloutbecausethefinancialauditisnextweek,andifthesystemcrashesduringtheaudit,itwillbeadisaster.Hisprimaryconcernisavoidingdisruptiontotheupcomingaudit,notwaitingforapatchortrainingemployees.8.[D]Thewomanstates,"Let'stelltheITteamtoreverttotheoldsystemfornowuntilthevendorfixesthebugs."Revertingtotheoldsystemistheimmediateactionsheplanstotake.9.[B]ThespeakermentionsthattheMarianaTrenchisdifficulttoexploreduetoextremeatmosphericpressureandtechnicallimitations.Whilelackoflightismentioned,thecombinationofpressureandtechnicallimitsishighlightedasthemainbarrier.10.[A]Themonologuestatesthatthesubmersiblemissionmanagedtonavigatethetrenchbyusingadvancedsonarmappingsystems,astraditionalGPSdoesnotworkunderwater.11.[C]Thespeakerexpressessurpriseatdiscoveringatypeofdeep-seacoralthatgrowsrapidly,whichcontradictsthepreviousbeliefthatdeep-seaorganismsgrowveryslowlyduetotheharshenvironment.12.[A]Thespeakerconcludesbystatingthatwhilethediscoveriesareexciting,onemustbecautiouslyoptimisticbutconcernedaboutthehighcostsandenvironmentalrisksofdisturbingthesepristineecosystems.13.[B]Intheconversation,themanmentionsthattheancientartifactwasdiscoveredbeneathanewlyconstructedsubwaylineinRome,whichhaltedtheconstructiontemporarily.14.[A]Thewomanexplainsthattheartifactisabronzetabletcontainingapreviouslyunknownwrittenlanguage,whichmakesitincrediblyuniquecomparedtoothermetallicrelicsfromthatera.15.[C]Theexpertsplantoexcavatethesurroundingareatosearchformorerelics,hopingtofindaRosettaStoneequivalentthatcouldhelpdecipherthenewlanguage.16.[A]Thespeakerclearlystatesthattraditionaleconomicsassumespeoplealwaysactrationallytomaximizetheirownutility,whichisthefoundationalconceptofHomoeconomicus.17.[B]The"endowmenteffect"isdefinedinthemonologueasacognitivebiaswhereindividualsvalueanitemmorehighlysimplybecausetheyownit,demonstratingagapbetweenwillingnesstopayandwillingnesstoaccept.18.[C]Thespeakerexplainsdecoypricingbystatingthatsupermarketsintroducealessattractiveoption(thedecoy)tomakeanotherseeminglysimilarbutmoreexpensiveoptionlookbetter,thusdrivingsalestowardthetargetedproduct.19.[A]The"paradoxofchoice"isdescribedasapsychologicalphenomenonwherehavingtoomanyoptionscanleadtodecisionparalysisandsubsequentdissatisfactionwiththechosenitem,ratherthanincreasedfreedom.20.[B]Themainpointofthetalkisthatbehavioraleconomicsprovidesamoreaccurateunderstandingofhumandecision-makingbyincorporatingpsychologicalrealitiesintoeconomicmodels,provingthathumansarenotperfectlyrational.SectionIIUseofEnglish21.[C]anomalyThesentencecontrastsremoteworktodaywithitsstatusinthepast."Anomaly"meanssomethingthatdeviatesfromwhatisstandard,normal,orexpected,whichfitsthecontextofremoteworkbeingrareinthepast.Privilege,burden,andobligationdonotfitthesemanticrequirementofbeinganunusualoccurrence.22.[D]mainstreamRemoteworkhasbecomea"mainstreamnorm,"meaningitisnowcommonandwidelyaccepted.Temporary,permanent,andsuperficialdonotpairlogicallywiththephrase"normformillionsofprofessionals"inthecontextofawidespreadmoderntrend.23.[A]acceleratedGlobalevents(likethepandemic)speduptheprocessofadoptingremotework."Accelerated"meanstoincreasespeedorcausetohappensooner.Hindered,resisted,andignoredallcarrynegativeoroppositemeaningsthatcontradictthenarrativeofrapidadoption.24.[B]adaptOrganizationshadtochangetheiroperationa