2027届新高考英语热点精准复习 阅读理解词义猜测题

2027届新高考英语热点精准复习阅读理解词义猜测题词——4方法扫除障碍词方法一

人名地名某某名,快速略过如果在阅读中遇见人名、地名、作品名(常用斜体)、报刊名(常用斜体)、物种名、机构组织名等,我们不需要弄明白其具体意思,可以根据上下文将其转换为“某人”“某地”“某组织”“某作品”等,加快阅读速度。这些词一般不会影响我们对文章大意的理解。Hereford,HerefordshireHereford

hasremainedalivelymarkettownsince1189.Skirtingthetownsquare,you’llfindlovelyshops,eateries,andthe

Black

and

White

House

Museum.TheHereford

Cathedralisthemostimpressivebuildingintown.It’salsohometoanancientlibrary.OneofthefouroriginalcopiesoftheMagna

Cartaisdisplayedthere.(2025·全国二卷阅读A篇)某地(Hereford),某地(Herefordshire)某地(Hereford)自1189年以来一直是一个热闹的集镇。绕着城镇广场，你会发现温馨的商店、餐馆和某博物馆

(theBlackandWhiteHouseMuseum)。某大教堂(TheHerefordCathedral)是镇上最宏伟的建筑。它也是一个古老图书馆的所在地。某文献(theMagnaCarta)的四个原始副本之一就陈列在此处。skirtn.裙子v.环绕；绕开eateryn.小饭馆behometo...的所在地/家园方法二全然陌生障碍词,巧用逻辑如果在阅读中遇到纯粹的生词或生僻短语,我们可以借助上下文的逻辑关系猜测词义,常见的方法有利用定义、定语从句、同位语等猜测词义;借助对比、同义或反义表达猜测词义;通过因果、转折关系猜测词义;根据所举的例子反推词义。He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(兽医)nowpracticing“holistic”medicine—combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩疗法)andherbalmedicine.

(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇)“holistic”medicine表示将传统的西方疗法与针灸、按摩疗法和草药相结合的“全面”疗法。针灸方法三

熟词探源引生义,借助语境课标词汇数量是有限的,但是高考对课标词汇的义项考查是没有限制的,命题者会在试题中使用一些学生熟悉的单词,但其含义是较为陌生的,需要学生结合语境仔细推敲来确定。

Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市长)tochampion

“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”(2025·全国一卷阅读C篇)champion的熟义：___________生义：_________________n.冠军得体的，像样的，相当不错的n.警报(器)；惊恐,惊慌n.拥护者

v.支持，捍卫Shewasachampionofthepoorallherlife.发起一场运动高速公路LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇)condition的熟义：___________生义：_________________n.状况n.疾病easev.缓解n.轻易；舒适方法四

长难单词巧拆解,

善用构词法派生法:

由词缀(前缀和后缀)和词根相结合构成单词的方法(2025·全国一卷阅读B篇)Asanewunitstarted,Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasive

pieceonahealth-relatedtopicoftheirchoice.persuade

(v.说服)+-ive(形容词后缀

)→persuasive

adj.有说服力的构词法针对超纲生词、派生词，无需死记硬背，通过拆分单词结构快速推断词义，节省解题时间。重点牢记高频前缀、词根、后缀，结合语境验证含义：①前缀：un-（否定，unhappy“不开心的”）、unpack(打开包裹)

mis-（错误，misunderstand“误解”）、over-（过度，如overwork“过度工作”）、under-（不足，如underestimate“低估”）；outnumber

②后缀：-able（可……的，如unidentifiable“无法辨认的”）、、-tion（名词后缀）、-ful（充满…的，如helpful“有帮助的”）、-less（无……的，如homeless“无家可归的”）数量上比...多转化法:把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法

(2025·全国一卷阅读A篇)Batteriesareenergy-efficientandelectriccarscanplugintoexistingsystemsandservices.Newsolid-statebatterieswilltakeacarfartheronasinglecharge.adj.高能效的，节能的adj.固态的chargev.充电；

指控；

收费；猛冲；掌管/负责；使充满...情感n.充电；收费；指控；猛冲；Hepluggedhisrazorintorechargeit.Weneededthebreakinordertorecharge.v.给...充电v.使恢复精力(2023全国甲卷B篇)

Sheadds:“I’vemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures.So,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”(2023全国甲卷B篇)Twothirdsofpeopleaimtoimprovetheircomfortwhileathome.Twofifthswishtoincreasethevalueoftheirhouse.ThoughDIYhastraditionallybeenseenasamalehobby,theresearchshowsitiswomennowleadingthecharge.使个性化chargev.充电；

指控；

收费；猛冲；掌管/负责；使充满...情感n.充电；收费；指控；猛冲；掌管/负责v.重画；重刷油漆leadthecharge带头，主导（2023年天津卷第一次高考）Aftersomewildwarmup,Ichargedintothelakealongwithothers.Weyelledintothesky.冲进....chargev.充电；

指控；

收费；猛冲；掌管/负责；使充满...情感n.充电；收费；指控；猛冲；掌管/负责合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新单词的方法

(2025·全国一卷阅读B篇)Forthenexttwoassignments,apersonal-narrative①unitfollowedbyacreative-writing②workshop,Ionlyrequiredthatthepiecemeetthespecificationsofitsgenre(体裁)andthatitcontainathesis(论文,论点).①

personal(个人的)+narrative(叙述的,故事体的)→personal-narrative个人叙事的②

creative(有创造力的)+writing(写作)→creative-writing

创意写作;创造性写作Thebreathtakingsceneryanduniquelocalcultureweexperiencedduringthejourneyweretrulymind-blowing,leavingeverytravelerdeeplyshockedandimpressed..mind(思想,头脑)+blow(吹；打击)+-ing(形容词后缀)→

adj.令人惊叹的adj.令人兴奋的，给人深刻印象的

我们在旅途中所经历的令人叹为观止的风景和独特的当地文化确实令人叹为观止，让每个旅行者都深深震撼和印象深刻。eg:Watchingyourbabybeingbornisamind-blowingexperience.Practice!

根据语境和构词法写出加黑单词的词性和汉语意思

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D) documentn.文件,(计算机)文档→

v.记录,记载

阅读专题

阅读理解之词句猜测题稿定PPT稿定PPT，海量素材持续更新，上千款模板选择总有一款适合你02知识构建稿定PPT稿定PPT，海量素材持续更新，上千款模板选择总有一款适合你02知识构建考向

1考查猜测单词意思1.（浙江强基联盟高三上学期12月联考）

Spermwhaleshavecomplexsocialgroups.Whenafamiliaryoungmalerejoinedhisfamily,researchersseizedthechancetorecordtheirsounds.Fortwodecades,scientistsdocumentedtwospermwhalegroups,capturingtheirclickingsounds.Aftermanuallydecodingsomesounds,theyturnedtoAIforfastertranslation.Usinganeural(神经的)network,theteamtrainedittodiscernindividualwhalesfromasubsetofsounds.Next,theirambitiousgoalistotrainacomputertospeakwhale.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discern”inparagraph3mean?A．Train. B．Recognize. C．Record. D．Protect.v.记录,记载考向

1考查猜测单词意思1.（2024·浙江省强基联盟高三上学期12月联考）

Spermwhaleshavecomplexsocialgroups.Whenafamiliaryoungmalerejoinedhisfamily,researchersseizedthechancetorecordtheirsounds.Fortwodecades,scientistsdocumentedtwospermwhalegroups,capturingtheirclickingsounds.Aftermanuallydecodingsomesounds,theyturnedtoAIforfastertranslation.Usinganeural(神经的)network,theteamtrainedittodiscernindividualwhalesfromasubsetofsounds.Next,theirambitiousgoalistotrainacomputertospeakwhale.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discern”inparagraph3mean?A．Train. B．Recognize. C．Record. D．Protect.【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Spermwhaleshavecomplexsocialgroups....Fortwodecades,scientistsdocumentedtwospermwhalegroups,capturingtheirclickingsounds.Aftermanuallydecodingsomesounds,theyturnedtoAIforfastertranslation....individualwhalesfromasubsetofsounds.Next,theirambitiousgoalistotrainacomputertospeakwhale.(抹香鲸有复杂的社会群体。……二十年来，科学家们记录了两个抹香鲸群，捕捉到它们的咔哒声。在手动解码一些声音后，他们转向人工智能来加快翻译速度。……从声音子集中（）单个鲸鱼。接下来，他们雄心勃勃的目标是训练一台计算机说鲸鱼语。)”可知，该团队利用AI来将个体抹香鲸(的声音)与一个子集的声音分辨开来，由此可知，discern意为“识别”，与B项“Recognize”意思接近。故选B项。2.（2024·浙江省县域教研联盟高三上学期12月月考）

Aftertheplanelanded,Iimmediatelyreadthecritiquemyself,whichwasharshandthorough,pointingoutseveralfundamentalflawsinourmethodsandinthebasicdata.Thefalloutwasswiftandintense.Ireceivedafloodofemailsandmessages.Somewerefromsupportivecolleagues,butmanywereharshlycriticalofmywork.

Iwasdepressed,wonderingwhatthiswouldmeanformycareer.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fallout”inparagraph2probably

mean?A．Consequence. B．Conflict. C．Solution. D．Shame.n.评论(文章)刺耳的

彻底的缺点迅速的

激烈的大量的3.（2026·浙江一月高考阅读C篇）Whenitcametofakingareview,lengthwasimportanttobelievability,aswasdetail.Along,negativereviewofahotel,completewithlotsofinformation,tendedtoconvinceparticipants.Alengthy,positivereview,ontheotherhand,wasregardedassuspicious,andparticipantstendedtotrustwritersthatkepttheirglowingreviewsshort.Emotionwasalsoimportantinconvincingreaders—orthelackofemotion,atleast.Azimisaysstudyparticipantstendednottotrustreviewswherethewritersexpressedtheirfeelingsinabigway.Themoredispassionatethatnegativewrite-up,themorelikelyitwastotakethereaderin.Q：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“glowing”inparagraph4mean?A.Funny. B.Abusive.C.Insightful.D.Praising.n.可信度fakeadj.假冒的v.冒充，伪造冷静的(报刊上的)评论漫长的辱骂的/虐待的有洞察力的/有深刻见解的

Withthepopularityofdigitalreading,moreandmorepeoplearechoosingtoreade-booksinsteadofpaperbooks.However,someexpertsworryabouttheimpactofexcessivescreentimeonpeople’seyesightandconcentration.Arecentstudyshowsthatlong-termexposuretoelectronicscreenscanleadtoeyestrain,headaches,andevendecreasedattentionspans.Toaddressthisproblem,manytechcompanieshavedeveloped“eye-friendly”e-readersthatreducebluelightemission.Thesedevicesaredesignedtomimicthetextureofrealpaper,makingdigitalreadingmorecomfortableandlessharmfultotheeyes.Theintroductionofsuche-readershasalleviatedmanypeople’sconcernsaboutdigitalreading.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alleviated”inParagraph2probablymean?A.IncreasedB.RelievedC.IgnoredD.Strengthened4.过度的5.【西南大学附中2026模拟阅读D篇】Thefindingsweresurprising.First,participantswereonlyinaworsemoodwhentheyacknowledgedfeelinghungry,ratherthansimplywhentheyhadlowerbloodsugarlevels.Second,thestudyhighlightedthecriticalroleofapsychologicalconceptcalled“interoception”—thebrain’sabilitytoperceiveinternalphysicalsensations.Theunderlinedword“interoception”mostprobablymeans______.A.externalperception B.emotionalcontrolC.theabilitytosenseinternalbodysignalsD.bloodsugarregulation心情更糟v.强调低血糖水平批判的；关键的6.【湖南师范大学附属中学2026二模阅读B篇】Cui’sdedicationbeganinhighschoolthroughvolunteerwork,leadinghertostudyspecialeducation.Hertravelswithphysically-challenged

friendsduringuniversityrevealedhoweverydayobstacleslikesmallstepsbecamesignificantbarriers.Thisinspiredherlong-termgoalofanaccessiblehotel.Asapracticalstart,shetransformedherapartment’sfirstfloorintothisinclusiveguesthousein2023.Theunderlinedword“inclusive”mostprobablymeans______.A.expensive B.exclusive

C.welcomingtoall,especiallythedisabledD.temporary奉献身体残疾的可进入的考向2考查猜测短语意思（2024新高考全国1卷，C篇）Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit'sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inParagraph2mean?A.Seemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse. D.Becomeeasytonotice.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suc