《数字测图》课件-3.2全站仪野外数据采集

数字测图DigitalMappingTotalStationFieldDataAcquisition全站仪野外数据采集全站仪野外数据采集特点CharacteristicsofTotalStationFieldDataCollection野外数据采集，点位精度高。High-precisionoutdoordatacollectionpoints.在植被覆盖或者建筑物密集测区全站仪数据采集受影响较小。Invegetatedordenselybuilt-upsurveyareas,theimpactoftotalstationdatacollectionisrelativelysmall.对于地下工程的数据采集，全站仪优势明显。Theadvantageoftotalstationdatacollectionforundergroundengineeringisobvious.数据采集方式灵活，可利用距离、角度、坐标等观测值进行数据采集。Thedatacollectionmethodisflexibleandcanusedistance,angle,andcoordinateobservationstocollectdata.01全站仪数据采集优势Advantagesoftotalstationdatacollection全站仪野外数据采集特点CharacteristicsofTotalStationFieldDataCollection作业效率低，需要多次搬站和定向。Lowworkingefficiency,requiringmultiplestationmovesandorientation.外业人员数量需求较多，人员成本增加。Alargenumberoffieldpersonnelarerequired,whichincreasespersonnelcosts.对已知点数量、分布要求较高，增加外业控制测量成本。Highrequirementsforthenumberanddistributionofknownpoints,increasingthecostoffieldcontrolmeasurement.02全站仪数据采集劣势DisadvantagesoftotalstationdatacollectionMountingTotalStation安置全站仪Mounttheinstrument(centering,leveling)atthemeasurementpoint(levelcontrolpoint,rootpoint,orsupportpoint),installthesupportingbatterythatisfullycharged,andmeasuretheinstrumentheighttwicetotaketheaveragevalue.将仪器安置（对中、整平）于测站点（等级控制点、图根点或支站点）上，装上充好电的配套电池，量取仪器高2次取平均值。MountingTotalStation安置全站仪目的：确保仪器中心与地面控制点在同一铅垂线上，同时准确量取仪器是为保证三角高程测量成果的可靠性。Purpose:Ensurethatthecenteroftheinstrumentisonthesameverticallinewiththegroundcontrolpoint,andatthesametimeaccuratelymeasuringtheinstrumentistoensurethereliabilityofthetriangulationheightmeasurementresults.InitialSettingsofTotalStation全站仪初始设置测定测量时测站周围环境的温度、气压，并输入全站仪；选择测量模式（反射片、棱镜、无合作目标），当选择棱镜时，应设置配套的棱镜常数，确保仪器补偿装置开启。Determinethetemperatureandpressureofthesurroundingenvironmentatthemeasurementstation,andinputthemintothetotalstation;choosethemeasurementmode(reflector,prism,nocooperationtarget).Whenchoosingaprism,setthecomplementaryprismconstanttoensurethattheinstrumentcompensationdeviceisturnedon.value.InitialSettingsofTotalStation全站仪初始设置目的：提高电磁波测距的准确性，同时通过补偿装置提高仪器观测质量。Purpose:Improvetheaccuracyofelectromagneticwaverangingandimprovetheinstrumentobservationqualitythroughthecompensationdevice.CreateaFile(project)建立文件（项目）用于存储数据，便于后续数据处理，一般可根据习惯和需要对自己的文件进行个性化设置，建好文件后，将需要用到的控制点坐标数据录入并存放到该文件中。Tostoredataforsubsequentdataprocessing,whichcangenerallybepersonalizedaccordingtohabitsandneeds.Aftercreatingthefile,coordinatedataofthecontrolpointsthatneedtobeusedisenteredandstoredinthefile.CreateaFile(project)建立文件（项目）目的：通过新建项目，让后续观测的碎部点统一进行存储管理，便于后续数据批量输出。Purpose:Throughthecreationofnewprojects,thefragmentarypointsthatareobservedlaterareunifiedforstorageandmanagement,whichisconvenientforsubsequentbatchoutputofdata.SetUpandOrient设站、定向让所采集的碎部点坐标归于所采用的坐标系中，即告诉全站仪所测点是由以测站点为依据的相对关系所得。一般包括输入仪器高、定向、检查等具体内容。在进行坐标测量前，必须正确设站。Letthecoordinatesofthefragmentarypointscollectedbeconvertedtothecoordinatesystemadopted,thatis,tellthetotalstationthatthemeasuredpointsareobtainedrelativetothemeasurementpoint.Generally,itincludesinputtinginstrumentheight,orientation,inspection,andotherspecificcontent.Beforecoordinatemeasurement,itisnecessarytocorrectlysetupthestation.SetUpandOrient设站、定向目的：通过设站、定向保障碎部点测量的起算方位角的准确性，并为碎部点坐标采集提供已知数据。其准确性一般通过第三个已知点进行检查。Purpose:Throughsettingupandorientingstationstoensuretheaccuracyoftheinitialazimuthoffragmentarypointmeasurementandprovideknowndataforfragmentarypointcoordinatecollection.Itsaccuracyisgenerallycheckedthroughthethirdknownpoint.DataCollection数据采集在设站、定向完成后并检查确认无误后，开始对地面特征点进行坐标测量。即在特征点上安置棱镜，通过对棱镜进行观测，获取特征点的位置信息。Aftersettingupthestation,orienting,andcheckingandconfirmingthatthereisnomistake,starttomeasurethecoordinatesofgroundcharacteristicpoints.Thatis,placeaprismonthecharacteristicpoint,andbyobservingtheprism,obtainthelocationinformationofthecharacteristicpoint.DatacCollection数据采集目的：利用全站仪观测、记录特征点的点号和坐标，并为后续内业成图提供点位信息。Purpose:Toobserve,recordthecodeandcoordinatesofthecharacteristicpointusingthetotalstationandprovidepointlocationinformationforsubsequentindoormapping.SketchDrawing草图绘制Storetheinformationoffragmentarypointinformation(pointcode,coordinates,code,originaldata)collectedinthetotalstationmemoryorelectronicnotebook,includingpointposition,attribute,andconnectioninformation.将采集的碎部点信息（点号、坐标、代码、原始数据）存储在全站仪内存或手簿中，包括点的点位、属性和连接信息。SketchDrawing草图绘制目的：草图绘制要同仪器观测的点号统一，在内业成图中，草图是用来体现特征点的连接关系和属性的重要依据。Purpose:Sketchdrawingisconsistentwiththepointcodeobservedbytheinstrument.Inindoormapping,sketchesareanimportantreferenceforillustratingtheconnectionrelationshipandattributesofcharacteristicpoints.DataStorageandTransmission数据存储和传输目的：仪器通过新建项目设置可自动记录特征点的位置信息，并可利用USB数据线来把仪器存储的特征点文件批量传输至计算机，为内业成图提供原始数据。在数据传输过程中一定要注意数据输出格式的设置（点号，编码，Y坐标，X坐标，高程）。Purpose:Theinstrumentcanautomaticallyrecordthelocationinformationofthecharacteristicpointsthroughthenewprojectsettings,andthecharacteristicpointfilesstoredintheinstrumentcanbebatchtransmittedtothecomputerviatheUSBdatalinetoproviderawdataforindoormapping.Intheprocessofdatatransmission,itisnecessarytopayattentiontothesettingofthedataoutputformat(pointnumber,code,Ycoordinate,Xcoordinate,elevation).全站仪野外数据采集注意事项TotalStationFielddataCollectionPrecautions01全站仪的检校Calibrationoftotalstation使用仪器前要对仪器的气泡、对点、十字丝、2C、指标差等各项部件进行检验，确保仪器本身结构质量满足使用要求。Beforeusingtheinstrument,itisnecessarytocheckthebubble,zeroing,crosshairs,2C,andindexdifferenceofeachcomponentoftheinstrumenttoensurethatthestructuralqualityoftheinstrumentitselfmeetstheuserequirements.02定向点选择Pointselectionfororientation使用全站仪进行设站、定向时，要求长边定向、短边测量，其作用是可以降低定向过程中照准偏差对碎部点的影响。Whenusingthetotalstationforstationsettingandorientation,thelongsideorientationandshortsidemeasurementshouldbeadopted.Thepurposeistoreducetheimpactoftheaimingdeviationduringorientationonthefragmentarypoint.全站仪野外数据采集注意事项TotalStationFieldDataCollectionPrecautions03全站仪野外数据采集注意事项TotalStationFieldDataCollectionPrecautions一般在全站仪数据采集过程中，使用盘左来进行定向和观测，切忌出现盘左定向、盘右观测，如出现则会导致碎部点推算的方位角增加180°。Generally,intheprocessofdatacollectionusingtotalstation,theleftorientationandobservationareused,anditisstrictlyprohibitedtousetheleftorientationandtherightobservation.Iftherightobservationisused,itwillcausethecalculatedazimuthofthefragmentarypointtoincreaseby180°.盘左定向、盘左观测Left-rightorientationandleft-rightobservation404全站仪野外数据采集注意事项TotalStationFieldDataCollectionPrecautions在碎部点采集过程中，点号的编制一定要统一。点号编制每个组、每个测区不要重复一致，否则不利于内业成图的绘制。Intheprocessoffragmentarypointcollection,thepointnumbercompilationmustbeunified.Thepointnumbercompilationshouldnotberepeatedineachgroupandeachsurveyarea,otherwiseitwillnotbeconducivetothedrawingofindoormapping.点号的编制Pointnumbercompilation05草图的绘制Sketchdrawing全站仪野外数据采集注意事项TotalStationFieldDataCollectionPrecautions在使用测记法进行碎部点采集时，草图的作用是记录点的连接关系和属性，但是草图记录的点号一定要同仪器观测的点号一致。草图记录信息一般只针对地物点，地貌点无需记录连接关系和属性。Whenusingthesurveyrecordmethodtocollectfragmentarypoints,theroleofthesketchistorecordtheconnectionrelationshipandattributesofthepoints.However,thepointnumberrecordedinthesketchmustbeconsistentwiththepointnumberobservedbytheinstrument.Therecordedinformationinthesketchisgenerallyonlyforlandformpoints,andtheconnectionrelationshipandattributesofterrainpointsdonotneedtoberecorded.06棱镜安置Prisminstallation全站仪野外数据采集注意事项TotalStationFieldDataCollectionPrecautions在特征点上安置棱镜，并对棱镜进行观测过程中，一定要注意棱镜是否垂直，如不垂直则会导致观测获得的特征点出现偏差，降低成果精度。

Whenplacingaprismonacharacteristicpointandobservingtheprismduringtheobservationprocess,itisnecessarytopayattentiontowhethertheprismisvertical.Iftheprismisnotvertical,itwillcausetheobservedcharac