《数字测图》课件-3.3GNSS RTK野外数据采集

数字测图DigitalMappingGNSSRTKFieldDataCollectionGNSSRTK野外数据采集Fielddatacollectiondoesnotrequirelineofsight.野外数据采集无需通视Fielddatacollectionefficiencyishigh.野外数据采集效率高效Suitableforfielddatacollectioninoutdooropenareas.适用于野外空旷区域的数据采集野外数据采集已知点数量需求少Thedegreeofautomationandintegrationoffielddatacollectionishigh.野外数据采集自动化、集成化程度高Thenumberofknownpointsrequiredforfielddatacollectionissmall.GNSSRTK数据采集的特点CharacteristicsofGNSSRTKDataCollectionGNSSRTK数据采集模式GNSSRTKDataCollectionMode

该采集方式是现场架设基准站，由基准站和移动站共同组成采集系统。移动站通过接收卫星信号和基准站信号进行联合差分计算，消除卫星定位中的固定误差，精确定出基准站与移动站的空间位置关系，平面精度、高程精度达到厘米级。Thisdatacollectionmodeinvolvessettingupareferencestationonsite,andthedatacollectionsystemiscomposedofareferencestationandamobilestation.Themobilestationreceivessatellitesignalsandreferencestationsignalstoperformjointdifferentialcalculation,eliminatingfixederrorsinsatellitepositioningandaccuratelydeterminingthespatialpositionrelationshipbetweenthereferencestationandthemobilestation.Theplanaraccuracyandelevationaccuracyreachthecentimeterlevel.01基准站模式ReferencestationmodeGNSSRTK数据采集模式GNSSRTKDataCollectionMode基准站模式直接观测获取的坐标成果为WGS-84坐标系，需通过选取2个以上的已知点进行观测来进行坐标系转换参数的计算，从而进行目标坐标系的转换。ThecoordinateresultsobtaineddirectlybythereferencestationmodeareintheWGS-84coordinatesystem,andthecoordinatesystemconversionparametersneedtobecalculatedbyobservingatleast2knownpointstoconverttothetargetcoordinatesystem.GNSSRTK数据采集模式GNSSRTKDataCollectionMode

基于CORS（连续运行参考站系统）的导航卫星高精度定位技术，CORS系统是根据需求按照一定的距离建立的常年连续运行的一个或若干个固定的GNSS参考站，利用计算机、数据通信和互联网技术将各个参考站与数据中心组成网络，实时将参考站数据传输到数据中心，利用数据处理软件进行处理，向用户自动发布不同类型的GNSS原始数据和各种类型的RTK改正数据等。ItisanavigationsatellitepositioningtechnologybasedonCORS(ContinuousOperatingReferenceStationSystem),whichisapermanentandcontinuousGNSSreferencestationsystemestablishedaccordingtotheneedsandacertaindistance.CORSsystemsusecomputer,datacommunication,andInternettechnologytoconnecteachreferencestationanddatacentertoformanetwork.Real-timereferencestationdataistransmittedtothedatacenter,andprocessedusingdataprocessingsoftwaretoautomaticallyissuedifferenttypesofGNSSrawdataandvarioustypesofRTKcorrectiondatatousers.02网络RTK模式NetworkRTKmodeGNSSRTK数据采集模式GNSSRTKDataCollectionMode1.网络RTK模式数据采集时不需要架设基准站。ThenetworkRTKmodedoesnotrequiretheinstallationofareferencestationduringdatacollection.2.网络RTK模式移动站接收的信号包含了坐标转换参数数据，因此移动站采集成果即为目标坐标系成果，节省了现场选取已知点进行转换参数计算的环节。ThemobilestationinthenetworkRTKmodereceivessignaldatathatcontainscoordinateconversionparameterdata,sothedatacollectionresultsofthemobilestationareinthetargetcoordinatesystem,savingtheprocessofselectingknownpointsforconversionparametercalculationonsite.02网络RTK模式NetworkRTKmode（一）ReferenceStationMode基准站模式基准站架设：基准站安置、电台数据线连接、电源线连接；Referencestationinstallation:Mountingthereferencestation,connectingtheradiodatacable,andconnectingthepowercable.接收机模式设置：基准站模式；Receivermodesetting:Referencestationmode.电台设置：外置电台模式（远距离）、内置电台模式（小范围）、电台通道号。Radiosettings:Externalradiomode(longdistance),internalradiomode(smallrange),radiochannelnumber.基准站设置ReferencestationsetupReferenceStationMode基准站模式在基准站架设时应当注意使观测站位置具备以下条件：Whensettingupthereferencestation,thefollowingconditionsshouldbeobservedtoensurethattheobservationstationisinthecorrectposition:至少观测到5颗卫星，且在10°截止高度角以上的空间不应有障碍物；Atleast5satellitesshouldbeobserved,andthereshouldbenoobstaclesinthespaceabovethe10°cut-offheightangle.邻近不应有强电磁辐射源；Strongelectromagneticradiationsourcesshouldnotbelocatednearby.基准站最好选在地势相对高的地方，并保证基准站电池电量充足。Thereferencestationshouldpreferablybelocatedonrelativelyhighterrainandthebatteryofthereferencestationshouldbefullycharged.MobileStationSetup移动站设置接收机模式设置：移动站模式Receivermodesetting:Mobilestationmode接收机与手簿连接：蓝牙进行连接Receiverandhand-heldconnection:BluetoothconnectionMobileStationSetup移动站设置新建项目：便于存储、传输数据；Newproject:Facilitatestorageanddatatransmission.坐标系设置：中央子午线设置、投影面高程、椭球参数设置；Receivermodesetting:Referencestationmode.天线高设置：斜高（三脚架安置仪器）、杆高（使用对中杆安置仪器并包含了接收机天线厚度）、直高（使用对中杆安置仪器但是不包含接收机天线厚度）Obliqueheight(instrumentmountedonatripod),poleheight(instrumentmountedonamidlinepoleandincludesthethicknessofthereceiverantenna),straightheight(instrumentmountedonamidlinepolebutdoesnotincludethethicknessofthereceiverantenna);MobileStationSetup移动站设置高度截止角设置：空旷区域可以设置至15°，植被或建筑密集区域设置至10°以内；Heightcut-offanglesetting:Inopenareas,itcanbesetto15°,andinareaswithdensevegetationorbuildings,itcanbesetto10°orless.电台设置：移动站电台设置通道号与基准站电台通道号一致。Radiosettings:Thechannelnumberforthemobilestationradioisconsistentwiththechannelnumberforthereferencestationradio.ImplementationStepsandPrecautions实施步骤和注意事项（1）选取测区范围已知点（最少2个），已知点分布覆盖测区范围，对已知点观测后进行转换参数计算（一般计算四参数）。Selectknownpointswithinthemeasurementarea(atleast2points),distributetheknownpointstocoverthemeasurementarea,observetheknownpoints,andthencalculatetheconversionparameters(usuallycalculate4parameters).ImplementationStepsandPrecautions实施步骤和注意事项（2）四参数计算完成后进行成果验证，尺度比K值一般为接近于1的值，如果偏差过大，则说明转换参数有问题即已知点数据或已知点观测误差过大。Afterthefourparametersarecalculated,theresultsareverified.ThescaleratioKvalueisusuallycloseto1.Ifthedeviationistoolarge,itindicatesthatthereisaproblemwiththeconversionparameters,thedataoftheknownpointsortheobservationerrorsoftheknownpointsaretoolarge.ImplementationStepsandPrecautions实施步骤和注意事项（3）选取测区范围其他已知点重测进行检查，一般要求平面较差（ΔX、ΔY）≤3cm，高程较差（ΔH）≤5cm。Selectotherknownpointswithinthesurveyareaforretestingandinspection,generallyrequiringpoorflatness（ΔXΔY)≤3cm,withpoorelevation（ΔH)≤5cm.ImplementationStepsandPrecautions实施步骤和注意事项（4）转换参数计算完毕并检查无误后，进行碎部点数据采集，采集过程中点号的编制与草图要匹配。Aftertheconversionparametersarecalculatedandverifiedwithouterrors,thedatacollectionoffragmentpointscanbestarted.Thepointnumbersinthedatacollectionprocessmustmatchthesketch.ImplementationStepsandPrecautions实施步骤和注意事项（5）野外数据采集完成后，回到室内利用数据线或者内存卡、蓝牙进行数据导出，数据导出至电脑时一定要注意数据导出格式与制图软件的数据格式要求一致。Afterthefielddatacollectioniscompleted,returntotheindoortoexportthedatausingadatacableormemorycard,Bluetooth.Whenexportingthedatatothecomputer,itisnecessarytoensurethattheformatoftheexporteddataisconsistentwiththedataformatrequirementsofthemappingsoftware.GNSSRTK移动站的工作状态和显示状态WorkingStatusandDisplayStatusofGNSSRTKMobileStation固定解—表明锁定卫星足够，差分信号稳定，可进行数据采集。Fixedsolution-indicatesthatenoughsatellitesarelocked,thedifferentialsignalisstable,anddatacollectioncanbeperformed.浮点解—表明锁定卫星较少，差分信号不稳定，存在整周模糊度，此时采集数据误差较大。Floatingsolution-indicatesthatfewersatellitesarelocked,thedifferentialsignalisunstable,thereareintegerambiguities,andthedatacollectionerrorislargeatthistime.单点解—移动站接收机没有收到电台信号，无法进行差分计算，不能进行观测。Singlepointsolution-thereceiverofthemobilestationhasnotreceivedtheradiosignalandcannotperformdifferentialcalculation,andcannotbeobserved.GNSSRTK移动站的工作状态和显示状态WorkingStatusandDisplayStatusofGNSSRTKMobileStation差分解—移动站只收到电台信号，没有接收到卫星信号，不能进行观测。Differentialsolution-themobilestationhasonlyreceivedtheradiosignal,butnotreceivedthesatellitesignal,andcannotbeobserved.PDOP—精度因子（接收到的卫星与接收机连线构成的体积大小，越小则卫星分布越好）。PDOP-accuracyfactor(thevolumesizeofthesatellitesandreceiverconnectedtovolume,thesmallerthebetterthesatellitedistribution).HRMS—采集过程中平面误差的大小。HRMS-the