2025年高考英语大二轮-作业13人与动植物类说明文

作业13人与动植物类说明文A(2020·全国Ⅰ)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%more①productivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday，”explainedMichaelStrano，aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina②one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduring③transmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B．Abigfallincrimerates.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.2．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A．Todetectplants’lackofwater.B．Tochangecompositionsofplants.C．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D．Totestchemicalsinplants.3．Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D．Howareglowingplantsmade④pollution-free?语境猜词①productive(派)＝product＋ive②one-off(合)＝one＋off③transmission(派)＝transmi(t)＋ssion④pollution-free(合)＝pollution＋freeB(2023·全国甲)Grizzlybears，whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg，occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.Askthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthat①floodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee，andtheiranswerisoftenthesame：agrizzlybear.“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange，”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven’tbeenseeninacenturyormore，they’reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.ThewesternhalfoftheU．S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame，witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s，aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975，grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.Today，thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU．S.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedto②de-listgrizzlies，whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswere③overturneddueto④lawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow，grizzliesremainlisted.Obviously，ifprecautions(预防)aren’ttaken，grizzliescanbecometroublesome，sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodand⑤attractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites，grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean，attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits，”saysJamesJonkel，longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.5．HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?A．Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.B．Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.C．Theyareofhighscientificvalue.D．TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.6．Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?A．TheEuropeansettlers’behavior.B．Theexpansionofbears’range.C．Theprotectionbylawsince1975.D．ThesupportofNativeAmericans.7.WhathasstoppedtheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicefromde-listinggrizzlies?A．Theoppositionofconservationgroups.B．Thesuccessfulcomebackofgrizzlies.C．Thevoiceofthebiologists.D．Thelocalfarmers’advocates.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B．Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C．Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D．Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.语境猜词①flood熟义：n.洪水，水灾生义(文义)：v.②de-list(派)＝de＋list③overturn(合)＝over＋turn④lawsuit(合)＝law＋suit⑤attractant(派)＝attract＋antC(2024·江苏连云港高三二模)Thescienceofwhyinsectsgatheraroundlightsatnighthasneverbeennaileddown.Populartheoriesproposethatmothsandotherinsectsnavigate(确定方向)bythemoonandmistakelampsformoonlight，orthattheinsectsflytowardslighttoescapecomingdanger.Nowresearchersbelievetheyhaveamoreconvincinganswer:contrarytocurrenttheories，insectsarenotattractedtolightfromfaraway，butbecometrappediftheyflyclosetoanartificiallightsource.AccordingtoDrSamFabian，studyco-authorandImperialCollegeLondon①entomologist，mothsandmanyotherinsectsthatflyatnightevolvedtotilt(倾斜)theirbackstowhereverisbrightest.Forhundredsofmillionsofyears，thiswastheskyratherthantheground.Thetricktoldinsectswhichwaywasupandensuredtheyflewlevel.Butthencameartificiallighting.Mothsfoundthemselvestiltingtheirbackstostreetlamps.Thiscausedthemtocirclearoundthelampsendlessly，theinsectstrappedbytheirevolution.Fabianandhiscolleagues②filmedinsectflightpathsaroundlightsinthelab.Thevideosrevealthattimeandagain，mothsanddragonfliesturnedtheirbackstoartificiallights，whichappearedtogreatlychangetheirflightpaths.“Ifthelightisabovethem，theymightstartorbitingit，butifit’sbehindthem，theystarttiltingbackwardsandmayclimbupandupuntiltheyfall，”Fabiansaid.Researchershavelongwarnedthatlightpollutionisabigdrivingforceinthedramaticdeclineininsectpopulations.Mothsandotherinsectsthatbecometrappedaroundlampsbecomeeasilycaughtbybats.Theartificiallightingcanalsofoolthemintothinkingitisdaytime，causingthemtobeddownandskipanight’sfeeding.Thereare，Fabianbelieves，helpfullessonsfromtheresearch.“Whatthistellsusisthatthedirectionofartificiallightmatters.Couldwechangelightingenvironmentstonottrapinsects?Forwe’refacingamassivedeclineininsectsaroundtheworld，andartificiallightatnightisoneofthefactorsthatcouldpotentiallybeleadingtothisdecline，”Fabiansaid.9．Whatdotheunderlinedphrase“naileddown”inparagraph1mean?A．③Popularizedwidely. B．Discussedopenly.C．Definedaccurately. D．Exploredacademically.10．WhydomothscirclearoundthelampsendlesslyaccordingtoFabian’sstudy?A．Becausetheycan’tkeeptheirbalance.B．Becausetheyuseimproperflightattitude.C．Becausetheylosetrackofwhichwayisup.D．Becausetheyareattractedtolightsfromfaraway.11．Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearchfinding?A．Itmayleadtobetterconservationofinsects.B．Naturalenemiesofinsectswillbegotridof.C．Artificiallightingwillbegreatlyreducedatnight.D．Itmayraiseconcernsforinsects’eatingbehavior.12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whyinsectslosetheirabilitytoflyatnight.B．Whyartificiallightandevolutiontrapinsects.C．Howartificiallightimpactsinsectpopulations.D．Howinsectsevolveddistinctstrategiesofflight.语境猜词①entomologist(派)＝entomolog(y)＋ist②film熟义：n.电影，影片生义(文义)：v.③popularize(派)＝popular＋ize语境猜词答案A．①多产的，高效的②一次性的③传输，传送④无污染的B．①大量涌入②除名③推翻，撤销④诉讼，起诉⑤引诱物，引诱剂C．①昆虫学者②录制，拍摄③宣传，推广；使普及答案精析语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色植物的积极作用，因此麻省理工学院的工程师们研发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。1．D[段落大意题。根据第一段的主题句(第二句)“Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.”并结合下文“Astudy...withhouseplants.”可知，最近的研究发现了植物的积极作用。故选D。]2．A[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwater...”可知，叶子上的传感器用来显示植物什么时候缺水。故选A。]3．C[推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-powered