新目标八年级下册英语 Unit 3 讲义

新目标八年级下册Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?讲义一、词性转换SectionA1. sweep→(pt.)swept2. throw→(pt.)threw3. fold→(pt.)foldedSectionB1.lend→(pt.)lent2.hate→(pt.)hated3.stress→(v.)stress4.waste→(v.)waste5.provide→(pt.)provided6.depend→(pt.)depended7.independence→(adj.)independent8.fairness→(adj.)fair9.unfair→(反义词)fair二、短语归纳1.dothedishes洗餐具2.takeouttherubbish倒垃圾3.foldyourclothes叠衣服4.sweepthefloor扫地5.makeyour/thebed整理床铺6.gooutfordinner出去吃饭7.throwdown扔下8.insurprise惊讶地9.hangout闲逛10.hatetodosth.讨厌做某事11.dochores做杂务12. enoughstress足够的压力13.inorderto为了14.providesth.forsb.向某人提供某物15.getgoodgrades取得好成绩16.minddoingsth.介意做某事17.dependon依赖;依靠18.lookafter照顾，照看19.keepitcleanandtidy保持它干净整洁20.getinto进入21.takecareof照顾22.asaresult结果23.doone’spartin(doing)sth.做某人分内的事24.getaride搭车25.stayoutlate在外面待到很晚三、句型集萃1.Couldyoupleasehelpoutwithafewthings?你能帮忙做些事情吗？2.Momwillbebackfromshoppingatanyminutenow.Andshewon’tbehappyifsheseesthismess.妈妈现在随时都会购物回来，如果她看到这些一团糟，会不高兴的。3.TheminuteIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.当我坐在电视机前时，我妈妈过来了。4.Ifinallyunderstandthatweneedtosharehomeworktohaveacleanandcomfortablehome.我最终明白我们需要分担家务，以便拥有一个干净舒适的家。5.Idon’tunderstandwhysomeparentsmaketheirkidshelpwithhomeworkandchoresathome.我不明白为什么一些父母要让他们的孩子在家帮忙做家务。四、重点句子1.TheminuteIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。【解析1】theminute=assoonas“一......就......”★Ex.Pleasewritetometheminuteyougetthere.你一到那里就请写信给我。【解析2】辨析infrontof和inthefrontof★infrontof：指在物体外部的前面Ex.Thereisabikeinfrontoftheclassroom.inthefrontof：指在物体内部的前面Ex.Ourteacherisstandinginthefrontoftheclassroom.1.Thedriversatinthefrontofhecar.2.Thepolicemanstoodinfrontofthecar.3.Theteacher’sdeskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.4.Thetreesareinfrontoftheclassroom.()5.Atlastthetaxistopped______atallbuilding,andweallgotoff.A.infront B.inthefront C.infrontof D.inthefrontof【注意】有the无the区别大:attable：吃饭，进餐inhospital：住院atthetable：在桌边inthehospital：在医院（不一定看病）【解析3】comeover过来【拓展】come短语：★★★comeacross（偶然）发现comeback回来comeupwith想出cometrue实现comedown下来comefrom=befrom来自,出生于comein/into进入,进来comeon赶快,加油comealong走吧,过来,快点comeandgo来来去去comeup上来comeout出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来()1.I

am

sure

those

scientists

will

______

a

way

to

solve

the

difficult

problem.

A.

put

up

B.

come

up

with

C.

look

up

D.

come

up

()2.Itissaidthatanewnovelwill______attheendofthismonth.A.gooutB.comeoutC.lookoutD.runout2.YouwatchTVallthetimeandneverhelpoutaroundthehouse!★你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！【解析】allthetime=always一直；总是【拓展】与time相关的短语：ontime按时intime及时atthesametime同时formtimetotime偶尔 thefirsttime第一次attimes有时timeandtimeagain一再；经常lasttime上次 nexttime下次()1.Weallknowthattheearthmovesaroundthesun_____.A.ontime B.attimes C.allthetime D.intime()2.【山东东营】Tomdidn’tgotoschool_____thismorningbecauseheoverslept.A.atonce B.ontime C.byaccident D.atpresent3.I’mjustastiredasyouare!我和你一样累！★【解析】as...as...和......一样......用于同级比较。第一个as后接形容词或副词原级，第二个as为连词，引导比较状语从句。否定形式为notas/so…as…意为“不如……”Ex.Mysonisastallasyours.我儿子和你儿子一样高。Lesson2isnotasdifficultasLesson1.第二课没有第一课那么难。()1.【2017山东临沂】Whenanearthquakehappens,andyouareoutdoors,youshouldgotoanopenareaas_____aspossible.A.quickly B.quietly C.loudly D.slowly()2.【2017玉林】LiuYingisgoodatsinging.Shesings______thefamoussinger,CoCo.A.aswellas B.asgoodas C.asbetteras D.asthebestas4.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.★★一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】“neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示：“某人（主语）也不”neither此处用作副词，意为“也不”。Ex.Hedoesn’tlikeswimmingandneitherdoI.他不喜欢游泳，我也不喜欢。Hecan’tspeakGerman,neithercanI.他不会说德语，我也不会。用法：（1）neither作代词，意为“两者都不”，谓语动词用单数。Ex.Neitherofmyparentsisathome.我父母亲两个都不在家。（2）neither作形容词，与名词单数连用，意为“两者都不得”。Ex.Neitheranswerisright.两个答案都不对。（3）neither…nor…既不…也不…连接两个词做主语，遵循就近原则，即谓语动词由后一个主语确定。Ex.NeitherTomnorJimisastudent.汤姆和提姆都不是学生。NeitheryounorIamright.你不对，我也不对。()1.【2017潍坊】Ihavetwosisters,but________ofthemisateacher.A.all B.neither C.both D.none()2.【2017常州中考】Hespeaks______English______French.Instead,hespeaksGerman.Aeither;or Bnotonly;butalso Cboth;and Dneither;nor()3.－Whichdoyouprefer,aCDplayerorawalkman?－_____.Ipreferaportablecomputer.A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither5.Thenextday,mymomcamehomefromworktofindthehousecleanandtidy.★第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。【解析】find→found→foundv.寻找(1)findsth.+adj.发现某物…find+宾语+宾语补足语(2)findsb.doingsth.发现某人做某事(3)findit+adj.+todosth.发现做某事很……it为形式宾语Ex.finditdifficult/hardtodosth.发现做某事很困难()Shefound___hardtofinishtheworkbyherself.A.that B.it’s C.it D.this6.CouldIborrowthatbook?我能借下你那本书看吗？★★Couldyoulendmesomemoney?你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】borrow/lend/keep辨析(1)borrow借入，与from连用，尤指主语“借进来”用法：borrowsth.fromsb.从某人那里借某物Ex.Youcanborrowthebookfromthelibrary.(2)lend借出，与to搭配，指“借出去”。用法：lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.把某物借给某人Ex.Hedoesn’twanttolendhisbooktoothers.(3)keep保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）指“借一段时间”。1.Iwanttoborrowabikefrommyfriendbuthedidn’tlendittome.()2.【宁夏中考】Youmay___thebookfortwoweeks. A.keep B.borrow C.lend D.buy()3.【西宁中考】Althoughyoulikethebook,youmayonly______itfortwoweeks.A.borrow B.keep C.lend D.stay.7.Ihatetodochores.我讨厌做家务。★【解析】hatetodosth.讨厌做某事,表示某次具体行为或动作。Ex.Ihatetotroublehim.hatedoingsth.不愿意做某事表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。Ex.Shehatessmokinginherroom.8.CouldIinvitemyfriendstoaparty?我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？★【解析】invitev.→invitationn.邀请用法：(1)invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事(2)invitesb.to+地点邀请某人去某地()1.I’dinviteher________dinneratmyhousetomorrow.A.have B.tohave C.having D.had()2.【2017江西中考4】Lucyisshy.Shewouldnotinviteherclassmates____dancingwithhere.A.practice B.practice C.practicing D.topractice9.Idon’tunderstandwhysomeparentsmaketheirkidshelpwithhouseworkandchoresathome.我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】make→made→madev.做，制作，使得★★用法：(1)makesb./sth.dosth.让某人做某事Ex.makemelaugh(2)makesb./sth.+形容词“让某人或某物…”Ex.makeyouhappy【拓展】make短语:★★★makesure确信 makeadialogue编对话makeamistake犯错误(由于疏忽) makefunof=laughat取笑makefaces做鬼脸 makefriends(with)和..交朋友makeroomfor给..让地方 maketea沏茶makemoney赚钱 makeadecision作出决定makethebed整理床铺 makealiving谋生()【2017湖北鄂州】—I’mverytiredthesedaysbecauseoftheseniorhighschoolentranceexamination.—Whynot______music?Itcanmakeyou______.A.listento;relaxedB.tolistento;relaxedC.listento;relax D.tolistento;torelax10.Theyshouldspendtheirtimeonschoolworkinordertogetgoodgradesandgetintoagooduniversity.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。【解析1】spend...onsth.在某事上花费......★spend/pay/cost/take辨析★★★(1)spend→spent→spentv.花费,主语是人sb.+spend+时间/钱+onsth.sb.+spend+时间/钱+（in）doingsth.spendon=payfor支付Ex.Hespendstoomuchtimeonthecomputergames.(2)pay→paid→paidv.支付，主语是人sb.+pay+钱+forsth.Ex.Ipay10yuanforthebook.(3)cost→cost→costv.花费，主语是某物或某事sth.costsb.+钱某物花费某人多少钱Ex.Anewcomputercostsmealotofmoney.(4)take→took→takenv.花费Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间Ex.Ittakeshim3hourstodohishomework.()1.I_____10yuanforthatbook.A.spent B.paid C.cost D.take()2.Jimspenttwohours___thathouse.A.todraw B.draws C.draw D.drawing()3.Remembertospendsometime__yourlovedones,becausethey’renotgoingtobearoundforever.A.from B.with C.in D.on()4.—Howmuchdidyou____forthiscomputer?—Fivehundreddollars.A.cost B.take C.spend D.pay()5.【2017四川雅安】Ispent$5thisbook.A.in B.tobuy C.buying D.Buy【解析2】inorderto“目的是；为了”，后接动词原形。inordertodosth为了做某事★【解析3】getinto=enter进入★★【拓展】与get相关的短语：getup起床getback返回getover克服getdressed穿衣get/belost丢失getoff/on下/上车getonwellwithsb.与某人相处得好getoutof从…出来getreadyfor+n.为…做准备getreadytodosth.准备做某事getachance有机会、得到机会get/gotosleep(fallasleep)入睡()1.—Somanyproblems!I’mtired.—Youshouldtrytothembyyourself.Youarenotachildanylonger.A.getinto B.getoffC.geton D.getover()2.【2017新疆乌鲁木齐】IfTedcan_______hisdifficulties,he’llmakegreatprogress. A.comeover B.getoverC.getoff D.comeout11.Itistheparents’jobtoprovideacleanandcomfortableenvironmentathomefortheirchildren.在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。【解析】providev.提供★providesb.withsth.给某人提供某物=providesth.forsb.provide,offer,supply辨析：★★★provide为应急等做好准备而“提供；供给”providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.提供某人某物offer侧重表示“愿意给予”offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.对某人提供某物offertodosth.主动提出干某事supply定期“供应”,强调替代或补充所需物品Supplysb.withsth.=supplysth.tosb.为某人提供某物()1.—Couldyoupleaseprovideus____someinformationaboutthestudents’health?—Ofcourse,it’smypleasure.A.toB.ofC.fromD.with()2.【2017山东东营】ThelocalpeoplelikethatItalianrestaurantbecauseit____bothdeliciousfoodandgoodservice.A.uses B.wants C.shares D.provides12.Ithinkitisimportantforchildrentolearnhowtodochoresandhelptheirparentswithhousework.我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。★【解析】Itisimportantforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事是重要的()【2017四川雅安】Itisimportant____people____learnteamspirit.A.of;of B.of;to C.for;to D.to;to13.Everyoneshoulddotheirpartinkeepingitcleanandtidy.每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。【解析1】doone’spart尽职责；尽本分★doone’spartindoingsth.在做某事上尽职责【解析2】keep系动词，“保持”★★用法：(1)keep+sth./sb.+adj.“使......处于某种状态”(2)keep+adj.“保持；继续”Ex.Wemustkeephealthy.(3)keep(on)doingsth.继续做某事Ex.Hewasingreatpainbuthekeptonworking.(4)keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事Ex.I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.1.Youshouldkeep(on)practicingEnglisheveryday.(practice)2.Weshoulddoexerciseseverydaytokeephealthy.(保持健康)14.Doingchoreshelpstodevelopchildren’sindependenceandteachesthemhowtolookafterthemselves.做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教他们如何照顾自己。★【解析】developindependence培养独立意识developv.→developmentn.发展→developingadj.发展的→developedadj.发达的Ex.adevelopingcountry一个发展中国家adevelopedcountry一个发达国家Ex.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.15.Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent,thebetteritisfortheirfuture.★孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。【解析】the+比较级，the+比较级“越......越......”()1.【2017重庆】Themoreyousmile,the_______youwillfeel.A.happy B.happier C.happily D.morehappily()2.【2017黔西南】—Rememberthis,children._____carefulyouare,______mistakesyouwillmake.—Weknow,Mr.Li.Themore;themoreB.Thefewer;themoreC.Themore;thefewerD.Theless;theless重点语法情态动词could的用法：原文再现：Tony,couldyoupleasehelpmeoutwithafewthings?托尼，你可以帮着做几件事情吗？Peter,couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash?彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？以上例句中，情态动词could用于有礼貌地提出要求或请求准许，在时间上与can没有区别，语气要比can委婉、有礼貌。回答时要用can，不能用could.肯定回答：Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly./Noproblem.否定回答：Sorry,Ican’t()—Couldyouhelpmepassthebook?—___________.A.IamsorryB.No,Icouldn’tC.Yes,Icould.D.Sure.Hereyouare.【复习】could的其他用法：(1)could为can的过去式，表示能力。Ex.Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?这个女孩上学前能识字吗？Hesaidthathecouldn’tcome.他说不能来了。(2)could可以表建议，意为“可以”，在时间上与can没有区别，语气比can更加委