2026年全国银行招聘之银行招聘综合知识考试黑金试题（详细参考解析）

姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 密封线 2026年银行招聘考试重点试题精编注意事项:1.全卷采用机器阅卷，请考生注意书写规范；考试时间为120分钟。2.在作答前，考生请将自己的学校、姓名、班级、准考证号涂写在试卷和答题卡规定位置。

3.部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题部分必须使用黑色签字笔书写，字体工整，笔迹清楚。

4.请按照题号在答题卡上与题目对应的答题区域内规范作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效:在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。(参考答案和详细解析均在试卷末尾)一、选择题

1、公文办理主要分为（）。A.收文和发文B.拟办和承办C.登记和分发D.整理与保管

2、若信道的复用是以信息在一帧中的时间位置(时隙)来区分，不需要另外的信息头来标志信息的身份，则这种复用方式为（）。A.异步时分复用B.频分多路复用C.同步时分复用D.以上均不对

3、狭义的国际金融市场是指（）。A.外汇市场B.国际资金市场C.国际保险市场D.国际黄金市场

4、某企业2019年的总资产周转次数为1次，假设资产由流动资产和固定资产组成；流动资产周转次数为3次，如果一年按360天计算，则该企业固定资产周转天数为（）天。A.360B.240C.120D.860

5、Happinessissubjective，andonethatwemaynotbeabletoaccurately______acrossallcountries.Butthatobviouslyisn’tgoingtostopanyonefromtrying。A.tryB.trackC.divideD.follow

6、资本主义条件下的借贷资本（）。A.是从职能资本运动中分离出来的一种生息资本B.是货币资本C.是高利贷资本D.是职能资本

7、甲与妻子乙离婚多年，二人年幼的儿子丙的抚养权归乙，但丙跟着乙母生活，甲与甲父共同在外务工，甲的祖父独自在老家居住。期间，甲因工伤死亡，留下一笔钱款，对于该笔钱款，有权继承的是（）。A.甲祖父B.乙C.丙D.乙母

8、“物华天宝，龙光射牛斗之墟”出自（）。A.张若虚《春江花月夜》B.苏轼《赤壁赋》C.江淹《别赋》D.王勃《滕王阁序》

9、上海证券交易所上市交易的某只股票，2009年末的每股税后利润为0.2元，市场利率为2.5%。根据上述材料，回答问题：该只股票的静态价格是（）元。A.4B.5C.8D.20

10、Dreamisastorythatapersonwatchesoreventakespartinduringsleep.Dreameventsareimaginary,buttheyarerelatedtorealexperiencesandneedsinthedreamer’slife.Theyseemrealwhiletheyaretakingplace.Somedreamsarepleasant,othersareannoying,andstillothersarefrightening.Everyonedreams,butsomepersonsneverrecalldreaming.Othersrememberonlyalittleaboutadreamtheyhadjustbeforeawakeningandnothingaboutearlierdreams.Noonerecallsallhisdreams.Dreamsinvolvelittlelogicalthought.Inmostdreams,thedreamercannotcontrolwhathappenstohim.Thestorymaybeconfusing,andthingshappenthatwouldnothappeninreallife.Peopleseeinmostdreams,buttheymayalsohear,smell,touch,andtasteintheirdreams.Mostdreamsoccurincolor.Butpersonswhohavebeenblindsincebirthdonotseeatallindreams.Dreamsareaproductofthesleeper’smind.Theyhaveincludedeventsandfeelingsthathehasexperienced.Mostdreamsarerelatedtoeventsofthedaybeforethedreamandstrongwishesofthedreamer.Manyminorincidentsofthehoursbeforesleepappearindreams.Deepwishesorfears-especiallythoseheldsincechildhoodoftenappearindreams,andmanydreamsfulfilsuchwishes.Eventsinthesleeper’ssurrounding-aloudnoise,forexample,maybecomepartofadream,buttheydonotcausedreams.Somedreamsinvolvedeepfeelingsthatapersonmaynotrealizehehas.Psychiatristsoftenusematerialfromapatient’sdreamstohelpthepersonunderstandhimselfbetter.Dreamingmayhelpmaintaingoodlearningability,memory,andemotionaladjustment.Peoplewhogetplentyofsleep-butareawakenedeachtimetheybegintodream-becomeanxiousandrestless.Wemayinferfromthepassagethatdreaming（）.A.deprivespeopleofagoodsleepB.disturbspeople'slifeC.makespeoplealwaysrestlessD.isbeneficialtopeople

11、资料：October20,2013Mr.EngTan10010GeorgeAve.NewYorkDearMr.Chen,Asthepresident,IamproudtoannouncethatthisFridaymarksthe50thanniversaryoflongandsuccessfulcompany.This,ofcourse,callsforanightofcelebration.Andforthisreason,wehavereservedtheGrandHallattheGardenHotelthisFridayat6p.m.foranightoffinedininganddancing.Onthisspecialevening,thefoodwillbesuperb.I’vehadachancetodineatthehotelseveraltimesinthepastinotherfunctions,anditwasthefoodthatconvincedmetoholdoureventhere.Iamquitecertainthatallofourstaffwillsharemyfeeling.Anyhow,IamlookingforwardtothisFridaywhenallofourstaffcanletlooseandhavesomefun.Therefore,thisisalettertoofficiallyinviteyouandyourspouseorsignificantothertojoinusonthismemorableevening.Pleaseletusknowifyoucan’tattend.YoursSincerely,JeffConnellyWhatisthemainpurposeofthisletter?A.ToinvitethestafftoanupcomingeventB.TowelcometheneweststafftothecompanyC.TonotifytheemployeesofayearlymeetingD.Toprovideinformationaboutthecompany’sproduct

12、批复是答复下级请示的文件，是（）。A.被动发文B.主动发文C.是对报告的批件D.下级没有请示，用来指导工作的

13、Theinformationmeanslittleifwecannot______iteffectively.A.confirmB.exploreC.considerD.express

14、Dreamisastorythatapersonwatchesoreventakespartinduringsleep.Dreameventsareimaginary,buttheyarerelatedtorealexperiencesandneedsinthedreamer’slife.Theyseemrealwhiletheyaretakingplace.Somedreamsarepleasant,othersareannoying,andstillothersarefrightening.Everyonedreams,butsomepersonsneverrecalldreaming.Othersrememberonlyalittleaboutadreamtheyhadjustbeforeawakeningandnothingaboutearlierdreams.Noonerecallsallhisdreams.Dreamsinvolvelittlelogicalthought.Inmostdreams,thedreamercannotcontrolwhathappenstohim.Thestorymaybeconfusing,andthingshappenthatwouldnothappeninreallife.Peopleseeinmostdreams,buttheymayalsohear,smell,touch,andtasteintheirdreams.Mostdreamsoccurincolor.Butpersonswhohavebeenblindsincebirthdonotseeatallindreams.Dreamsareaproductofthesleeper’smind.Theyhaveincludedeventsandfeelingsthathehasexperienced.Mostdreamsarerelatedtoeventsofthedaybeforethedreamandstrongwishesofthedreamer.Manyminorincidentsofthehoursbeforesleepappearindreams.Deepwishesorfears-especiallythoseheldsincechildhoodoftenappearindreams,andmanydreamsfulfilsuchwishes.Eventsinthesleeper’ssurrounding-aloudnoise,forexample,maybecomepartofadream,buttheydonotcausedreams.Somedreamsinvolvedeepfeelingsthatapersonmaynotrealizehehas.Psychiatristsoftenusematerialfromapatient’sdreamstohelpthepersonunderstandhimselfbetter.Dreamingmayhelpmaintaingoodlearningability,memory,andemotionaladjustment.Peoplewhogetplentyofsleep-butareawakenedeachtimetheybegintodream-becomeanxiousandrestless.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?（）A.DreamisaconfusingstorywhichinvolveslittlelogicthoughtB.DreaminvolveseventsthatalwayshappeninreallifeC.Dreamisrelatedtothedreamer'sreallifeD.Dreamisanimaginarystorywhichseemsrealwhiletakingplace

15、FTP是Internet中（）。A.发送电子邮件的软件B.浏览网页的工具C.用来传送文件的一种服务D.一种聊天工具

16、Passage2“HOMESTAYNETWORK”STUDENTGUIDELINESOnarrivalatyournewhome:·Trytorememberthenamesofyourhostfamily.Ifunsureabouthowtoaddressthem,itisokaytoaskhowtheywouldliketobecalled.Forexample,ifitisimpoliteinyourcountrytocallsomeoneelderbytheirfirstname,askifit’sokaytoaddMr.orMrs.infrontoftheirnames.SomeAmericansdonotliketobeaddressedthiswaybecauseitmakesthemfeelold.·Showyourfamilythatyouaregratefulforbeingyourhost.Butdonotgiveexpensivegifts.Itis,however,consideredappropriatetobringinexpensivehandcraftsfromyourcountryorasmallgiftforthechildrenofthehostfamily.·Yourhostfamilywillbecurioustoknowmoreaboutyou.Bringphotosofyourfamilyandfriendstosharewiththem.Thisisalsoagreatwaytobreaktheicewiththem.·Afteryougetsettled,yourhostfamilywillhelpyoumakeacalltoyourparentstoassurethemthatyouhavearrived-safely.·Afteryou’vehaddinner,youmayaskthehostfamilytobeexcusedearly.Theywillbefullyawareofthefactthatyoumightbejetlagged,sofeelfreetoaskthem.Onyourfirstdayofschool:·Onyourfirstdayofschool,yourhostfamilywilltakeyoutoschoolandhelpyouwiththenecessaryregistrationpaperwork.·Yourhostfamilywillalsomakesurethatyouknowyourwaytoandfromschool.Theywillalsoteachyouhowtousepublictransportation·Whentravelingalone,youshouldatalltimescarryamapandthephonenumberofyourhostfamily.·Incaseyouarelostandcannotgetintouchwithyourhostfamily,youcancontactthe“HomestayNetwork”.Whatmightbeanappropriatepresentforthehostfamily?（）A.AtoytrainB.AbottleofwhiskeyC.AcameraD.Acellularphone

17、鉴于总账及其所属明细账相互关系，在进行账簿登记时应采用（）。A.复式记账法B.借贷记账法C.平行登记法D.加权平均法

18、()要求企业应当以实际发生的交易或者事项为依据进行确认、计量和报告，如实反映符合确认和计量要求的各项会计要素及其他相关信息。A.可靠性B.可理解性C.实质重于形式D.重要性

19、世界上首次提出存储程序计算机体系结构的是（）。A.莫奇莱B.艾伦?图灵C.乔治?布尔D.冯?诺伊曼

20、Passage3Dinnercustomsaredifferentaroundtheworld.IfyouareadinnerguestinGhana,thisinformationwillhelpyoualot.InGhanadinnerisusuallyfromfourintheafternoontosixintheevening.Buttherearenostrictrulesabouttime.Wheneveraguestarrives,afamilyoffersfood.Whenyougotoahome,thepersonwhoreceivesgueststakesyoutothelivingroomfirst.Atthistimeeveryonewelcomesyou.Thenyougotothediningroom.Thereyouwashyourhandsinabowlofwater.Allthefoodisonthetable.InGhanayouusuallyeatwithyourfingers.Youeatfromthesamedishaseveryoneelse.Butyoueatfromonesideofthedishonly.Itisnotpolitetogetfoodfromtheothersideofthedish.Afterdinner,youwashyourhandsagaininabowlofwater.MostmealsinGhanahaveadishcalledfufu.PeopleinGhanamakefufufromthepowderofsomeplants.Sometimestheycutthefufuwithasawbecauseitisveryhard.Youmustchewfufuwell,oryoumaygetsick.Youeatfufuwiththefingersofyourrighthandonly.Whenyoueatfufu,you’dbetter（）.A.cutitwithasawB.useyourrighthandonlyC.chewitwellD.alloftheabove

21、资料：Nomatterhowcarefullyyoupickthemembersonyourteam,youmaystillendupwithanegativeemployee.Theseworkersdon’tnecessarilyfallintothecategoryof“toxic,”butthey’rejustkindofadragwiththeircynical,pessimisticworldview.Ifyou‘redealingwithanegativeemployee,hereare3stepstotake.FINDOUTWHYIfyoudecidetoproceedinaddressingthebehavior,thinkaboutwhethertherehavebeenbehaviorchangesrecently.Isthenegativityaconstantorhasthebehaviorescalated?Ifthelatter,wasthereaneventthatleduptothechange?Individualsintheworkplacelivemulti-dimensionallives,andothernon-workplacestressesmayimpactworkproductivityandmood.InanApril2016reportintheJournalofManagerialPsychology,ateamofTorontoresearchersfoundthatemployeewhoarecynicaloftheirworkplacemayfeelmorepositiveiftheirmanagersaresupportive.DISCUSSGOALSWhendiscussingthesituationwithyournegativeemployee,itisrecommendedtoframethediscussioninthecontextoftheIndividual’sgoals.”Tonepolicing”whereyousimplypointoutpessimisticcommentarywithoutaddressingtherootcause,rarelyworksandmayjustcausemoreresentment.Gettotherootoftheissueandfindoutiftheemployeeneedsadditionaltraining,perhapsinmanagementorcommunicationskills,toovercomeadeficit.ADDRESSISSUESAdirect,solutions-orientedconversationwiththeemployeecanuncoverproblemsorcircumstancesdrivingthebehavior.Ifthereareworkplaceissuethatcanbesolved,considerdoingsoifitmakesense.Iftherearepersonalissuesthathavecausedanescalationinnegativebehavior,examinewhetheraccommodationscanbemadetohelpthepersonwhilethey’regoingthroughsuchchallenges.Someemployeesdon’thavegreatinterpersonalskills,andputtingtheminjobswheretheyaremorefocusedonjob-relatedtasksthanoninteractionswithotherscanbeaneffectivesolution,too.Accordingtoparagraphtwo,whatcanresultintheescalatednegativebehaviorofanemployee?A.lowincomeB.FamilystressC.heavyworkloadD.Unsatisfacationattheofficeenvironment

22、2008年全球金融危机爆发以来，世界主要国家央行开始采取特殊货币政策，美国在利率水平已经接近纪录最低时，推出了一系列非常规货币政策，包括为了支持银行贷款的长期流动性供给，为压低长期利率的资产购买计划等，除美国以外，美国、日本和欧洲银行也采取了非常规货币政策。IMF于2013年5月16日发布了《非常规货币政策：最近经验与前景》报告，报告称发达国家的非常规货币政策在很大程度上帮助实现了该国政策目标，诸如持续两年左右的购买国债计划帮助美国和英国的GDP增速提升了约2个百分点，然而，发达国家的这些政策对世界其他国家也造成了很大的影响，大量资本流入拉丁美洲和亚洲，导致新兴市场的汇率过度升值和波动。下列不属于货币政策目标的是（）。A.物价稳定B.国际收支逆差C.充分就业D.经济增长

23、Meanwhile,youcancollectspecialstickersthateitheropenupsecretsorlaunch____powerfulattacks.A.devastatinglyB.consequentlyC.merelyD.surprisingly

24、下列关于死刑的说法中，错误的是（）。A.死刑只适用于罪行极其严重的犯罪分子B.犯罪时不满l8周岁的人和审判时怀孕的妇女不适用死刑C.判决死刑立即执行的，由最高人民法院和最高人民法院授权的部分高级人民法院核准D.判处死刑缓期执行的，在死刑缓期执行期间，如果没有故意犯罪，两年期满后减为无期徒刑

25、王某整日游手好闲，为了达到骗取钱财的目的，便假装为一公司销售人员，骗取蓝玉棉花厂总经理的信任，签订了一份虚假经济合同。王某将骗取的棉花转卖，所得被其全部挥霍，据查该批棉花价值7万多元。王某的行为构成（）。A.投机倒把罪B.诈骗罪C.合同诈骗罪D.妨害社会管理秩序罪

26、下列有关商业银行办理业务的规定正确的是（）。A.商业银行可以任意提高利率来吸收存款B.商业银行办理结算业务根据需要可以压单C.商业银行办理业务不能收取手续费D.商业银行不得在没有客户办理业务的时候自行缩短营业时间

27、资料：之后，经济学家Mr.V发表了关于一些新名词的感悟，请根据下列资料回答问题。Theword“globalization”isindailyusethroughouttheworld.VariouslyreferredtoasmondialisationinFrench,globalisierunginGerman,orQuanquihuainChina（Scholte,1996）,newsarticles,television,andeventextbooksoftenusetheword“globalization”tomeanmanydifferentthings.AuthorJanPieterse（1995）assertstherearealmostasmanyconceptualizationsofglobalizationastherearedisciplinesinthesocialsciences.Teachersandscholarsindisciplinessuchasmanagement,marketing,finance,accounting,andeconomicsalsousetheword“globalization”tomeandifferentthings.Forexample,somebelieveglobalizationistheabsenceofbordersandbarrierstotradebetweennations（Ohmae,1995）,butalsoithasbeendescribedasashiftintraditionalpatternsofinternationalproduction,investment,andtrade（Dicken,1992）.Anotherpopularconceptionofglobalizationisthatitisabusinessstrategythatmeansdoingeverythingthesameeverywhere（KanterandDretler,1998）.Othersbelieveglobalizationisinterconnectionsbetweenoverlappinginterestsofbusinessandsociety（Brown1992;renesch1992）.Asyoucansee,thesedefinitionsdifferinsignificantways.Becausedefinitions,descriptions,andvisionsofglobalizationvarywidely,itisdifficulttoknowwhatitmeansforbusinessestogo“global”.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTimpliedbytheunderlinedsentence?（）A.TheconceptionsofglobalizationvaryB.ThedisciplinesinthesocialsciencesvaryC.TherearelessconceptionsofglobalizationD.Therearemanydisciplinesinthesocialsciences

28、It'sthepaintingsinLouvre______DaVinciworkedonforyears______havebecomeafascinationtopeoplefromallovertheworld.A.where;thatB.that;whenC.that;thatD.where;when

29、（）是社会发展的决定力量。A.生产关系B.经济基础C.上层建筑D.生产方式

30、关于管理幅度与管理层次的说法，正确的是（）。A.管理幅度指的是组织结构的纵向复杂程度B.管理层次与管理幅度在数量上成正比关系C.管理层次的多少代表组织结构的横向复杂程度D.管理幅度与管理层次是相互制约的

31、在PowerPoint2003中，要将D盘上的“时间都去哪了.MP3”文件插入到当前幻灯片中，所选择的命令项是（）。A.插入→影片和声音→剪辑管理器中的声音B.插入→影片和声音→文件中的声音C.插入→影片和声音→剪辑管理器中的影片D.插入→影片和声音→文件中的影片

32、有关再贴现率的表述错误的是（）。A.该利率的提高会减少商业银行资金成本，增加盈利B.包括贴现率和中央银行对商业银行贷款的利率C.不同于随供求变化而变化的市场利率D.该利率的提高会减少商业银行贴现和贷款的要求，从而减少流通中的货币

33、Passage3Imaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you’renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompletely.Withthedollarslumpingtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,already-expensiveLondonhasbecomequiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn’tdoingaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation’sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It’salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy-fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami—forwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S,asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peak.ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico―asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscan’taffordtojointhemerrymaking.Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit.Sodoexports,which,thanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMay2006andMay2007.Forfirstfivemonthsof2007,thetradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006.IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you’reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.LastweekCoca-Cola’sstockbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke’sbeverage（饮料）business.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald’sandIBM.Americantourists,however,shouldn’texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup-slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.WhydoAmericansfeelhumiliated（）A.TheireconomyisplungingB.TheircurrencyhasslumpedC.Theycan’taffordtripstoEnglandD.Theyhavelosthalfoftheirassets

34、Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_，ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what

35、资料：（一）Insuranceisthesharingofrisks,Nearlyeveryoneisexposedtoriskofsomesort.Thehouseowner,forexample,knowsthathispropertycanbedamagedbyfire,theshipownerknowsthathisvesselmaybelostatsea；thebreadwinnerknowsthathemaydieatanearlyageandleavehisfamilythepoorer.Ontheotherhand,noteveryhouseisdamagedbyfirenoreveryvessellostatsea.Ifthesepersonseachputasmallsumofmoneyintoapool,therewillbeenoughtomeettheneedsofthefewwhodosufferloss,Inotherwords,thelossesofthefewaremetfromthecontributionsofthemoney.Thisisthebasisofinsurance,Thosewhopaythecontributionareknownas“insured”andthosewhoadministerthepoolofcontributionsas”insurers”.Notallriskscanbecoveredbyinsurance.Broadlyspeaking,theordinaryrisksofbusinessandspeculationcannotbecovered.Theriskthatbuyerswillnotbuygoodsatthepricesofferedisnotofakindthatcanbestatisticallyestimated,andriskscanonlybeinsuredagainstiftheycanbesoestimated.Thelegalbasisofallinsuranceisthe“policy”.Thisisaprintedformofcontract.Itstatesthatinreturnfortheregularpaymentbytheinsuredofacertainsumofmoney,calledthe“premium”,whichisusuallypaideveryyear,theinsurerwillpayasumofmoneyorcompensationforloss,iftheriskactuallyhappens.Thewordingofpolicies,particularlyinmarineinsurance,oftenseemsveryold-fashioned,butthereisasoundreasonofthis.Overalargenumberofyears,manylawcaseshavebeenbroughttoclearupthemeaningsofdoubtfulphrasesinpolicies.Thelawcourtshavegiventhesephrasesadefiniteandindisputablemeaning,andtoavoidfuturedisputesthephraseshavecontinuedtobeusedinpolicesevenwhentheyhavepassedoutofnormaluseinspeech.Theinsuranceofbusinesses’ordinaryrisksisnotpossiblebecause______.A.suchrisksareveryexpensiveB.suchriskscannotbeestimatedpreciselyC.suchrisksaretoohighD.thepremiumwouldbetoohigh

36、资料：Upto80percentoftheworld’smiddleclasseswillliveindevelopingcountriesby2030thankstosurprisingrecentgainsinpovertyreduction,accordingtoaUnitedNationsreportpublishedonThursday.“Neverinhistoryhavethelivingconditionsandprospectsofsomanypeoplechangedsodramaticallyandsofast.”concludestheUN’slatestDevelopmentReport.“Theworldiswitnessinganepochal‘globalrebalancing’.”Underpinningtheimprovementsinthehumandevelopmentindex（HDI）wasrapidgrowthincountriessuchasChina,IndiaandBrazil,withChinaandIndiahavingdoubledpercapitaeconomicoutputinlessthan20years.ButthestudystressedthatgrowthandimprovementsinHDIspreadfarbeyondthefourBriccountriesofBrazil,Russia,IndiaandChina,andincludedatleast40countriesthathadaccompaniedgreatereconomicdynamismwitheffectivepoverty-reductionpolicies.Afghanistan,SierraLeone,Ethiopia,RwandaandAngolawereamong14countriesthathaverecordedgainsinHDIofmorethan2percentayearsince2000.Partlyasaresult,thereportfoundthatworldwideextremeincomepovertyhasplungedfrom43percentin1990tojust22percentin2008,includingmorethan500mbeingliftedoutofpovertyinChinaalone.Thereportstatedthatsuchgainshadalreadyhelpedtheworldachievethemainpovertyeradicationgoaloftheso-calledMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,whichcalledfortheshareofpeoplelivingonlessthan$1.25adaytobecutbyhalffrom1990to2015.Underpinningthispovertyreductionwasdevelopingcountries’increasingshareofglobaltrade,whichgrewfrom25percentto47percentbetween1980and2010.“Thesouthasawholeisdrivingglobaleconomicgrowthandsocietalchangeforthefirsttimeincenturies,”saysthereport.Thereportfoundthattradeamongdevelopingcountrieswasthebiggestfactorinthatexpansion,increasingfromlessthan10percentoftotalglobaltradetomorethan30percent.“Tradebetweencountriesinthesouthwillovertakethatbetweendevelopednations,”thereportsaid.Theword“underpinning”inthepassagerefersto______.A.blockingB.undergoingC.supportingD.stressing

37、区分不变资本和可变资本的依据是（）。A.资本各部分的流通形式不同B.资本的不同部分在价值增值过程中起不同的作用C.资本各部分价值转移的方式不同D.资本各部分有不同的实物形式

38、资料：Nomatterhowcarefullyyoupickthemembersonyourteam,youmaystillendupwithanegativeemployee.Theseworkersdon’tnecessarilyfallintothecategoryof“toxic,”butthey’rejustkindofadragwiththeircynical,pessimisticworldview.Ifyou‘redealingwithanegativeemployee,hereare3stepstotake.FINDOUTWHYIfyoudecidetoproceedinaddressingthebehavior,thinkaboutwhethertherehavebeenbehaviorchangesrecently.Isthenegativityaconstantorhasthebehaviorescalated?Ifthelatter,wasthereaneventthatleduptothechange?Individualsintheworkplacelivemulti-dimensionallives,andothernon-workplacestressesmayimpactworkproductivityandmood.InanApril2016reportintheJournalofManagerialPsychology,ateamofTorontoresearchersfoundthatemployeewhoarecynicaloftheirworkplacemayfeelmorepositiveiftheirmanagersaresupportive.DISCUSSGOALSWhendiscussingthesituationwithyournegativeemployee,itisrecommendedtoframethediscussioninthecontextoftheIndividual’sgoals.”Tonepolicing”whereyousimplypointoutpessimisticcommentarywithoutaddressingtherootcause,rarelyworksandmayjustcausemoreresentment.Gettotherootoftheissueandfindoutiftheemployeeneedsadditionaltraining,perhapsinmanagementorcommunicationskills,toovercomeadeficit.ADDRESSISSUESAdirect,solutions-orientedconversationwiththeemployeecanuncoverproblemsorcircumstancesdrivingthebehavior.Ifthereareworkplaceissuethatcanbesolved,considerdoingsoifitmakesense.Iftherearepersonalissuesthathavecausedanescalationinnegativebehavior,examinewhetheraccommodationscanbemadetohelpthepersonwhilethey’regoingthroughsuchchallenges.Someemployeesdon’thavegreatinterpersonalskills,andputtingtheminjobswheretheyaremorefocusedonjob-relatedtasksthanoninteractionswithotherscanbeaneffectivesolution,too.ItcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatA.Ifyourmanagerissupportive,youmightfeelmorepositiveB.NegativeemployeesaredevastatingtothecompanyC.RaisingsalarieswillmakeemployeesfeelpositiveD.Promotionsmeansagreatdealtotheemployees

39、Passage8Theveryloansthataresupposedtohelpseniorsstayintheirhomesareinmanycasespushingthemout.Reversemortgages,whichallowhomeowners62andoldertoborrowmoneyagainstthevalueoftheirhomesandnotpayitbackuntiltheymoveoutordie,havelongbeenfraughtwithproblems.Butfederalandstateregulatorsaredocumentingnewinstancesofabuseassmallermortgagebrokers,includingformersubprimelenders,floodthemarketaftertherecentexitofbigbanksandasdefaultsontheloanshitrecordrates.Somelendersareaggressivelypitchingloanstoseniorswhocannotaffordthefeesassociatedwiththem,nottomentionthepropertytaxesandmaintenance.Othersarewooingseniorswithpromisesthattheloansarefreemoneythatcanbeusedtofinancelong-covetedcruises,withoutclearlyexplainingtherisks.Somewidowsarefacingevictionaftertheysaytheywerepressuredtokeeptheirnameoffthedeedwithoutbeingtoldthattheycouldbeleftfacingforeclosureaftertheirhusbandsdied.Now,asthevastbabyboomergenerationisenteringretirementandmoreseniorsstrugglewithdecliningsavings,thenewlymintedConsumerFinancialProtectionBureauisworkingonnewrulesthatcouldmeanbetterdisclosureforconsumersandstrictersupervisionoflenders.Morethan775,000ofsuchloansareoutstanding,accordingtothefederalgovernment.Concernsaboutthemultibillion-dollarreversemortgagemarketechothoseraisedinthelead-uptothefinancialcrisiswhenconsumersweremarketedloans—oftencarryinghiddenrisks—thattheycouldnotafford.“Therearemanyofthesameredflags,includingexplosivegrowthandthefactthattheseloansareoftenadvertisedaggressivelywithoutregardtosuitability,”saidLoriSwanson,theMinnesotaattorneygeneral,whoisworkingonreformingthereversemortgagemarket.WhatcanwelearnaboutmortgageloansfromthefirstparagraphA.TheloansareexpectedtohelpseniorsstayintheirhomesB.TheloansaredrivingallseniorsoutoftheirhomesC.ThereversemortgageonlywelcomesseniorsD.anyseniorscanapplyforreversemortgage

40、Passage1Thereisawonderfulstoryaboutayounggirlwhohadnofamilyandnoonetoloveher.Oneday,feelingverysadandlonely,shewaswalkingthroughagrasslandwhenshenoticedasmallbutterflycaughtinathorn（荆棘）bush.Theyounggirlcarefullyreleasedthebutterfly.Insteadofflyingaway,thelittlebutterflychangedinto