2025年高考英语大二轮-强化练(二十一)非常规选材之说明文和议论文

强化练(二十一)非常规选材之说明文和议论文考情速递：近几年高考完形填空主要考查记叙文，但也要关注其他文体，如说明文和议论文，做到备考无死角。解题提示：1.说明文完形填空解题要领：①明确说明对象，理清段落关系；②弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。2.议论文完形填空解题要领：①抓住开篇，明确论点；②关注论证方式，理清行文逻辑；③关注尾段，把握结论。Fifty－fivemorepublicschoolshaverecentlyinviteddogstotheirclassrooms.Dogshavebeen__1__inclassforfiveyearsduetotheComfortDogProgram,whichisbecomingmore__2__now.Comfortdogshavebeenfoundto__3__positivefeelings.Buthowdothesepets__4__intheclassroom?Forsomestudents,thecomfortpet__5__thememotionally,whichallowsthemtobe__6__intheirstudiesandmakeremarkableachievements.Astrugglingstudentcanturntothepetandgetencouragement.Inothercases，teachersusethepetasateachingtool,makingitpartofthe__7__.Dogtrainingisnot__8__awalkinthepark.Ittakestime,__9__andconsistency.Sodoesthisprogram.Ateacherandtheirdogmustparticipateinasix－hourtrainingsession.It__10__theteachertoeffectivelycomfortthestudentsifthey’re__11__ofpets.Thedogisalsotrainedtobe__12__withstrangersandtheteacherwhoneedstobeintunewiththepetandknowhowto__13__itsstresssignals.Theprogramhasbeenasuccess,benefitingsomanystudentsandteachers.Hundredsofotherschools__14__themselveswiththeprogramandhavethe__15__tojoinit.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了很多学校使用安慰犬协助教学的相关情况。1.A.taught B.employedC.raised D.prohibited答案B[上文提到最近有55所学校邀请狗进课堂，下文提到安慰犬项目，由此可推知狗在课堂中的使用已经有五年了。]2.A.enjoyable B.secureC.popular D.affordable答案C[根据上文提到的最近又有55所学校邀请狗进课堂可知，安慰犬项目现在变得更受欢迎了。]3.A.promote B.experienceC.share D.favor答案A[根据下文中的“thecomfortpet________thememotionally...encouragement”可知，此处指安慰犬能让人产生积极的情绪。promote“促进，推动，增进”。]4.A.behave B.assistC.survive D.struggle答案B[根据下文中的“Forsomestudents...partofthe________.”可知，安慰犬对学生和老师都有帮助。由此可知，此处表示这些宠物是如何在教室提供帮助的呢。behave“表现”；assist“帮助，协助”；survive“继续存在，挺过”；struggle“奋斗，努力，争取”。]5.A.protects B.supportsC.moves D.amazes答案B[对于有些学生来说，安慰犬可以在情感上支持(supports)他们。]6.A.interested B.occupiedC.absorbed D.skilled答案C[根据空后的“intheirstudiesandmakeremarkableachievements”可知，此处说的是使他们能够专心学习并取得好成绩。beabsorbedin“专心致志于，全神贯注于”，符合语境。beinterestedin“对……感兴趣”；beoccupiedin“忙于”；beskilledin“在……方面熟练”。]7.A.homework B.lessonC.relaxation D.experiment答案B[在其他情况下，老师把安慰犬用作教具，使其成为课程(lesson)的一部分。]8.A.basically B.obviouslyC.naturally D.necessarily答案D[根据下文中的“Ittakestime...consistency.”和训练内容可知，此处表示训练狗未必就是在公园里遛遛狗。notnecessarily“不一定，未必”。]9.A.effort B.moneyC.fortune D.attention答案A[上文提到“Ittakestime”，下文提到“six－hourtrainingsession”及需要做的一系列事情，由此可知，训练狗需要精力。]10.A.advises B.persuadesC.drives D.coaches答案D[结合语境可知，此处讲述训练的内容，表示该训练会指导老师有效地安慰害怕宠物的学生。coach在这里是动词，表示“培训，指导”。]11.A.scared B.proudC.tired D.doubtful答案A[参见上题解析。scared“害怕”。]12.A.strict B.carefulC.patient D.friendly答案D[根据安慰犬的工作环境和工作内容可知，此处指狗也被训练如何与陌生人和老师友好相处。befriendlywithsb“与某人很要好/友好相处”。]13.A.giveoff B.putasideC.getacross D.makeout答案D[上文提到老师需要与安慰犬保持一致以及在学生害怕时有效安抚学生，由此可知这里指老师需要知道如何识别安慰犬的压力信号(以保证安全)。giveoff“发出”；putaside“忽视，不理睬”；getacross“把……讲清楚”；makeout“看出，辨认出”。]14.A.equip B.linkC.concern D.inspire答案C[很多其他学校也对这个项目感兴趣。concern在这里是动词，concernoneselfwithsth“对……感兴趣”。]15.A.ability B.curiosityC.intention D.freedom答案C[上文提到很多其他学校对这个项目感兴趣，由此可推知这里表示这些学校有加入这个项目的打算。](2023·阜阳高三下学期开学考试)Manypeoplearevolunteeringtohelpothers.Theyareagenerally__1__groupandgettingahugebenefitthatnon－volunteersdon’t.Researchsuggeststhatvolunteersaren’tjusthelpingthecommunitiesthey__2__.Theyactuallyexperienceaboostintheirmentalhealth.__3__withpeoplewhodon’tvolunteer,peoplewhovolunteeraremore__4__withtheirlivesandratetheiroverallhealthasbetter.Alsopeoplewhovolunteermorefrequentlyexperiencegreater__5__：Thosewhovolunteeredatleastonceamonthreportedbettermentalhealththanthosewhovolunteered__6__ornotatall.Theresearchersalsofoundthatpeoplewhostartedtovolunteerbecamehappierovertime.Whileit’s__7__thathappierpeoplespendmoretimevolunteering,studiessuggestthatyoudon’tneedtoalready__8__happytobenefitfromit.Infact,someresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewho__9__withlowerlevelsofwellbeingmayevengetabiggerboostfromvolunteering.Whydoesvolunteering__10__mentalhealth?Acombinationof__11__islikelyatplay.Volunteeringappearstobenaturally__12__—whenwehelpothers,wetendtoexperiencea“warmglow(喜悦)”.Volunteeringisalsolikelytohelpboostasenseof__13__connection.Inparticular,forolderadults,volunteeringcanbeawaytostayconnectedtoothersafter__14__.Finally,volunteeringcanbeawayto__15__professionalskillsandtryoutleadershipopportunities.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章说明了做志愿服务让人更快乐、心理更健康，并解释了这种现象的原因。1.A.weather－beaten B.kind－heartedC.nature－loving D.good－looking答案B[weather－beaten饱经风霜的；kind－hearted心地善良的；nature－loving热爱自然的；good－looking好看的。根据上文“Manypeoplearevolunteeringtohelpothers.”可知，许多人愿意帮助他人，说明他们普遍是心地善良的群体。]2.A.respect B.describeC.analyze D.serve答案D[respect尊重；describe描述；analyze分析；serve服务。根据常识，志愿者参加的都是非营利性组织或团体，他们为这些组织团体服务。]3.A.Compared B.HonoredC.Crowded D.Related答案A[compare对比；honor执行；crowd拥挤；relate关联。根据后文“peoplewhovolunteeraremore________withtheirlivesandratetheiroverallhealthasbetter”可知，做志愿者的人有更多的益处，这个结论是和不做志愿者的人进行对比得出的。]4.A.impressed B.satisfiedC.bored D.concerned答案B[impressed留下印象；satisfied满足；bored无聊；concerned关注的。根据后文“Theresearchersalsofoundthatpeoplewhostartedtovolunteerbecamehappierovertime.”可知，做志愿者的人随着时间的推移更加幸福，推断出他们对自己的生活更加满意。]5.A.adventures B.operationsC.victories D.benefits答案D[adventure冒险；operation操作；victory胜利；benefit益处。根据后文“Thosewhovolunteeredatleastonceamonthreportedbettermentalhealth”可知，那些做志愿者的人精神更健康，说明做志愿者的人受益更多。]6.A.informally B.unavoidablyC.infrequently D.unworthily答案C[informally非正式地；unavoidably不可避免地；infrequently稀少地；unworthily无价值地。根据前文“Thosewhovolunteeredatleastonceamonth”和“than”推断出，此处要把至少每个月做一次志愿者的人和不做或少做志愿者的人进行对比。]7.A.simple B.trueC.strange D.important答案B[simple简单的；true真的；strange奇怪的；important重要的。根据后文“happierpeoplespendmoretimevolunteering”可知，更幸福的人花更多时间做志愿者活动是客观事实。]8.A.feel B.soundC.keep D.turn答案A[feel感觉；sound听起来；keep保持；turn转向。根据常识，幸福是一种感觉，应用动词feel表示感受。]9.A.putup B.startoutC.showoff D.runaway答案B[putup提供；startout开始；showoff炫耀；runaway逃跑。根据前文“Theresearchersalsofoundthatpeoplewhostartedtovolunteerbecamehappierovertime.”可知，研究者发现做志愿者的人们随着时间的推移会更幸福，推断出开始幸福感很低的人也会幸福感提升，startout意为“开始”，符合语境。]10.A.manage B.requireC.involve D.support答案D[manage经营；require要求；involve参与；support有助于。根据前文“Thosewhovolunteeredatleastonceamonthreportedbettermentalhealth”可知，志愿者活动让志愿者有更好的心理状态，推断出志愿者活动有助于心理健康。]11.A.standards B.activitiesC.factors D.patterns答案C[standard水平；activity活动；factor因素；pattern方式。根据后文“Volunteeringappearstobe...boostasenseof________connection.”可知，志愿者活动不仅有回报也可以帮助促进社交，说明志愿者活动有益处是因为各种因素的促进作用。]12.A.rewarding B.difficultC.shocking D.suitable答案A[rewarding有回报的；difficult困难的；shocking震惊的；suitable合适的。根据后文“whenwehelpothers,wetendtoexperiencea‘warmglow(喜悦)’.”可知，我们在帮助他人时会经历温暖的喜悦感，这就是一种回报。]13.A.romantic B.remoteC.cultural D.social答案D[romantic浪漫的；remote遥远的；cultural文化的；social社交的。根据后文“Inparticular,forolderadults,volunteeringcanbeawaytostayconnectedtoothersafter________.”可知，对于老年退休者志愿者活动能让他们保持和他人的联系，推断出志愿者活动可以促进社交联系。]14.A.retirement B.graduationC.consultation D.treatment答案A[retirement退休；graduation毕业；consultation咨询；treatment治疗。根据常识可知，老年人在退休后有可能脱离社会和个人。]15.A.recognize B.buildC.research D.match答案B[recognize意识到；build建立；research研究；match匹配。根据后文“andtryoutleadershipopportunities”可知，志愿者活动给人们机会尝试全新的东西比如领导能力，推断出专业技巧也是可以通过志愿者活动建立起来。](2023·邯郸高三一模)Itisalmostimpossibletobeleftaloneinadigitalworld,wherepeoplearemeanttobeconnected.Inthisrespect,digitaltechnologieshave__1__ourlife.Thepossibilitytobeconnectedallthetimehasbroughtourpersonalspacetoa(n)__2__aswe’veknownit.Peoplehavebecomeso__3__intheworldofnetworksthatonecanoftenbecontactedevenifthey’drathernotbe.Todaywecantalk,textande－mail,notonlyfromour__4__，butfromourmobilephonesaswell.Mostpeoplehavebecome__5__ondigitaltechnologysimplybecauseithasbecomeanecessarypartoflife,andatthispointnot__6__itwouldmakethemansocialoutsider.__7__，manyjobsandcareersrequirepeopletobeconnected.Fromthispointofview,beingreachablemightfeellikea__8__tothosewhomaynotwanttobeabletobecontactedatalltimes.Butsolitude(独处)stillcanbepossibleforthosewho__9__wantit.Computerscanbe__10__andmobilephonescanbeturnedoff.Ofcourse,thechoicetobe“off”and“on”hasmany__11__aswellasdisadvantages.Whentravelersendup__12__inmountains,andmobilephonescanmeanlifeordeath,althoughtheycanalsomakepeoplefeel__13__andforcedtoanswerunwantedcalls.Actually,attitudestowardsdigitaltechnologiesasasociety__14__widely.Somefindthemagift.Othersconsiderthemacurse.Whetheryoulikeitornot,it’shardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutthe__15__indigitaltechnologies.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讲述数字技术在给我们带来方便的同时也几乎剥夺了我们独处的机会。1.A.reshaped B.respectedC.ignored D.preserved答案A[reshape“重塑”；respect“尊敬”；ignore“忽视”；preserve“保存”。根据上文“Itisalmostimpossible...aremeanttobeconnected.”可知，数字技术几乎剥夺了我们独处的机会，所以从这方面来看，数字技术重塑了我们的生活。]2.A.alarm B.stageC.end D.balance答案C[根据上文“Itisalmostimpossibletobeleftaloneinadigitalworld”可知，数字技术几乎剥夺了我们独处的机会，所以这种无时无刻不在的连接终结了我们的私人空间。bring...toanend意为“使……结束”。]3.A.sensitive B.intelligentC.considerate D.reachable答案D[sensitive“敏感的”；intelligent“聪明的”；considerate“体贴的”；reachable“触手可及的”。此处与下文“Fromthispointofview,beingreachablemightfeellikea________”相呼应，表示无处不在的网络让我们变得触手可及。]4.A.neighbors B.computersC.friends D.monitors答案B[neighbor“邻居”；computer“电脑”；friend“朋友”；monitor“监视器”。根据语境可知，此处表示人们不仅可以通过电脑，也可以通过手机交谈、发短信和电子邮件。]5.A.impressed B.hardC.dependent D.focused答案C[impressed“印象深刻的”；hard“艰难的”；dependent“依赖的”；focused“集中的”。根据下文“becauseithasbecomeanecessarypartoflife”可知，因为数字技术已经成为生活中必不可少的一部分，所以许多人已经非常依赖它了。]6.A.finding B.usingC.protecting D.changing答案B[上文提到许多人已经非常依赖数字技术了，如果不使用数字技术，他们就会成为这个社会的局外人。]7.A.Also B.InsteadC.Otherwise D.Therefore答案A[根据下文“manyjobsandcareersrequirepeopletobeconnected”可知，此处讲述另一个让我们保持紧密联系的原因，所以应用表示补充说明的副词。]8.A.pleasure B.benefitC.burden D.shame答案C[pleasure“快乐”；benefit“利益”；burden“负担”；shame“羞耻”。根据下文“whomaynotwanttobeabletobe