2025年高考英语大二轮-培优练（一）环境保护

eq\a\vs4\al(考前培优练)一、外刊阅读热点话题练考情速递：高考阅读语篇材料几乎都出自英美报刊，越是压轴阅读题，越是出自一些知名报刊(一般为其网站)。在高考备考过程中，进行外刊阅读是大势所趋。考题从外刊取材，而不是根据国内教材和国内英语报刊拟造，增加了阅读材料的真实性和阅读的难度。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（一）环境保护30分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解It’shardtoimagineasnowstorminTexascouldbecausedbytheArctic,right?They’rethousandsofmilesawayfromeachother!Butifwetakeacloserlook,scientistsaretheorizing(从理论上说明)thatrapidheatingoftheArcticcandrivecoldairfromtheNorthPolefurthersouth，andsurprisinglyenough,canendupwherewe’dleastexpect.Unfortunatelyanymeasureofextremeweatherleadstohighdemandinelectricity,whichcancauseenergyinfrastructure(基础设施)toburnout.Likelyso,thispastweek,over4millionpeoplewere,andcurrentlyare,stuckinfreezingweatherconditionswithoutelectricityinTexas,awell－knownwarmUSstate.Who’stoblame?What’stoblame?Fingersarepointedinmultipledirectionsastowhattherootcauseis.JudahCohen,thedirectorofseasonalforecastingatAtmosphericandEnvironmentalResearch，explained,“Thiscan’tboildowntonaturalcauses.Awarmingplanetispartiallytoblame,atleast,wetheorize.Butscienceisbehindthis‘historical’phenomenon.”Whenweseeanaturaldisasterinvolvingheat,weusuallylinkitwithclimatechange.IsthatwhereweplacetherestoftheblameinvolvingTexas?Whileitseemsabituncharacteristic，scientistshypothesize(假设)thatsuddenwinterstormsareassociatedwithclimatechange.AstheArcticis“currentlyoneofthefastest－warmingregionsontheplanet”，therisingtemperaturesmayincreasetheoddsofanimbalancedpolarvortex(极涡).Asclimatescontinuetowarm,it’ssuggestedthatthiscanandwillhappenmorefrequently.NaturaldisastershaveproventhatweneedtobecomeadequatelypreparedforwhatMotherNaturewitha“dash”ofclimatechangecando.Systemsneedtobecreatedwithreliableandlastingcapabilitiesthatcancarrythenextunexpectedandpossiblyworsephenomenon.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章主要分析了全球变暖的原因，指出了全球变暖造成的影响，并提出了人们应采取的应对之举。1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducepolar－basedscientifictheories.B.ToexplorewhyTexassufferedcoldweather.C.Tofigureoutdamagecausedbypowerfailure.D.Toshowhowweatherpatternsaffecttheplanet.答案B[写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Butifwetakeacloserlook...whichcancauseenergyinfrastructure(基础设施)toburnout.”可知，第一段旨在解释为什么温暖的得克萨斯州会遭遇寒流侵袭。]2.WhatisresponsibleforextremeweatheraccordingtoJudahCohen?A.Gases. B.Science.C.TheArctic. D.Nature.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中JudahCohen的话“Thiscan’tboildowntonaturalcauses...behindthis‘historical’phenomenon.”可知，JudahCohen认为，科学应为极端天气负责。]3.Whatmessagedoestheauthorconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Unitetofightagainsttheunexpected.B.Runaracetobalancetheworld’sclimate.C.Developaweatherbroadcastingsystem.D.Getwell－preparedfortheworsetocome.答案D[推理判断题。根据最后一段特别是其中的“Asclimatescontinuetowarm...witha‘dash’ofclimatechangecando.”可知，随着气候持续变暖，极端天气可能会更频繁地出现，而我们需要为大自然带来的气候变化做好充分准备。]4.Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A.Bymakingtheoreticalanalysis.B.Byconductingexperiments.C.Bylistingexamples.D.Bymakingcomparisons.答案A[写作手法题。根据第一段中的“Butifwetakeacloserlook...andsurprisinglyenough，canendupwherewe’dleastexpect.”，第二段中的“Awarmingplanetispartiallytoblame，atleast，wetheorize.”和“scientistshypothesize(假设)”等信息可知，本文主要是通过“做理论分析”来展开的。]Thisyearsawthepublication,instages,ofthesixthreportbytheUN’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)—areportwhichwasdepressingreadingformanyclimatescientists,andinsomewaysofferedarayofhope.Whyisitdepressing?Becausethereportconfirmedwhatscientistshavebeensayingforyears:thathumanactivity,particularlyintheformofemissions(排放)ofgreenhousegases,isresponsibleforthewarminginthepastfewcenturies,andthatunlesssuchemissionsaregreatlyreduced,wewillinthefuturebringaboutourentireecosystem’sdestruction.Thereportconcludedthat1.5℃ofglobalwarmingoverthenextcoupleofhundredyearsisalready“baked__in”.Thismakesthegoalsoutlinedinthe2015ParisAgreement—thatnationsagreedtokeepwarmingbelow2℃，andhopefullybelow1.5℃—muchhardertomeet.Worsestill,theIPCCreportwasfollowedlaterintheyearbytheCOP27,describedbyProfDannMitchell,as“acompletefailure,otherthansomecommitmenttolossanddamage”.Andtherayofhope?TheIPCC’ssixthreportwasbroaderintheapproachthanpreviousstudies—takinganin－depthlookforthefirsttimeattheroleplayedinwarmingbyshort－termgreenhousegasessuchasmethane(甲烷),forinstance.“Reducingcarbonemissionsisalwaysthebestapproach:stoptheproblematitssource，”saidMitchell.“Butwealsoneedotherapproachestohelpwiththis.Methaneisimportant,butit’ssoshort－lived—that’swhywehaven’tbeensobotheredwhencomparedwithCO2.”TheIPCCworkinggroupsshowedpotentialadaptationpaths,andtheyaretheotherthingswecandointermsoffightingclimatechangeandrelievingitsworsteffects,ratherthansimplyreducingcarbonemissions.Thiswouldincludetakingmeasuressuchasswitchingtoamoreplant－baseddiet(toreducemethaneemissions),controllingpopulationgrowth,reducingfinancialinequalityanddevelopingmeansbywhichwemightremoveCO2that’salreadyinouratmosphere，ratherthansimplypreventingitbeingreleased.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要分析了联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)发布的第六份气候变化报告，首次研究分析短期温室气体在变暖中的作用，呼吁找到减缓气候变暖的科学方法。5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethesixthreportbytheIPCC?A.Seeminglycontradictory.B.Whollypromising.C.Particularlyhopeless.D.Exceptionallynew.答案A[推理判断题。根据第一段“Thisyearsawthepublication，instages...insomewaysofferedarayofhope”可知，这份报告既让人沮丧，又给人一线希望，由此可以推断，该报告似乎有些矛盾。故A项正确。]6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“bakedin”inparagraph3mean?A.Outofdate. B.Tothefull.C.Underdiscussion. D.Inprogress.答案D[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Thismakesthegoalsoutlinedinthe2015ParisAgreement...below1.5℃—muchhardertomeet”可知，此处是描述短语所在的句子中的内容产生的结果：使得2015年《巴黎协定》中概述的目标更难实现了。这说明短语所在的句子陈述的内容已经存在，间接造成《巴黎协定》的目标更难实现，所以该短语的意思是“在进展中，在进行中”。故D项正确。]7.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutmethane?A.Ithasbeenlongregardedasamajorsourceofglobalwarming.B.Itsroleinglobalwarminghadbeenoverlookedbeforethereport.C.Itsboosttoglobalwarmingisasmuchasothergreenhousegases.D.Itisconsideredasanewapproachtoreducingglobalwarming.答案B[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“TheIPCC’ssixthreport...playedinwarmingbyshort－termgreenhousegasessuchasmethane(甲烷)，forinstance”可知，在IPCC的第六份报告中第一次深入研究了甲烷在气候变暖中的作用，由此可以推断，之前报告从未提到过甲烷给气候变暖带来的影响。故B项正确。]8.Howmanyaspectsdotheadaptationpathsinvolveinthelastparagraph?A.2. B.3.C.4. D.5.答案C[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thiswouldincludetakingmeasures...ratherthansimplypreventingitbeingreleased”可知，提到的适应性路径有：转向更多的植物性饮食、控制人口增长、减少财政不平等以及想方法消除已经存在于大气中的二氧化碳。故C项正确。]Ⅱ.七选五Therehasbeenaveryseriousdeclineinthenumbersofshallow－waterfishasaresultofoverfishing.Peoplestillwanttoeatfish,sothefishingindustrymustlookatothersources,especiallythedeepwatersoftheAtlantic.__1__Conservationmeasureswillhavetobeputinplaceifthesedeep－seafisharetosurvive.Researchonfivesuchspeciesshowsthatnumbershavedeclinedbybetween87percentand98percent.__2__Manyspeciescouldwelldisappearcompletelyifthepresenttrendcontinues.Thesearespeciesthathavebeenswimminginouroceansforhundredsofmillionsofyears.Theproblemisemphasisedbythefactthatthedeclineinnumbershappenedinlessthantwentyyears.Deep－seafishtakealongtimetoreproduceandnormallyliveformanyyears.__3__Theaveragesizeofsuchfishalsodeclined,withonespeciesshowinga57percentdeclineinaveragesize.Thisisofparticularconcern,aslargefishtendtoproducemoreoffspringthansmallones.__4__Thedeep－seaspecieshavebeencaughtasiftheywerethefast－breeding(快速繁殖)fishlikesardineandherring.Itislikekillingelephantsasiftheyreproducedatthesamerateasrabbits.Thedamagedonebyoverfishinggoesbeyondtheseaenvironment.Millionsofpeoplemakealivinginthefishingindustry.__5__Measuresmustbetakentonotonlyconserveecosystems,butalsosustainlivelihoodsandensurefoodsecurity.A.Billionsofpeoplerelyonfishforprotein.B.Manypeoplenowchoosenottoeatdeep－seafish.C.Unfortunately,theirreproductionrateisverylow.D.Thisputstheminthecategoryof“criticallyendangered”.E.Noneofthesefactshasbeentakenintoaccountbythefishingindustry.F.Overfishingisamajorcauseofthedeclineinpopulationsofoceanwildlife.G.Thishasresultedinasharpdeclineinthenumbersofmanyofthespeciescaught.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。人类过度捕捞导致鱼类数量严重减少，许多物种甚至可能消失，必须采取措施保护生态系统、维持生计和确保食品安全。1.G[根据空前内容尤其是“Peoplestillwanttoeatfish...deepwatersoftheAtlantic”可知，人们不但没有停止，还不断扩大捕捞区域。G项“这已经导致被捕的很多鱼类的数量急剧减少”与上文衔接紧密，同时通过后文内容也可知道文章主要讲述深海鱼数量减少很严重，有些种类甚至濒临灭绝，故G项符合语境。]2.D[根据空前的“Researchonfivesuch...87percentand98percent”可知，五种鱼类的数量减少了87%—98%。根据空后的“Manyspeciescouldwelldisappearcompletelyifthepresenttrendcontinues”可知，如果按照目前的趋势继续下去，很多物种可能会消失。D项“这将它们列入极度濒危类别”与上下文衔接紧密。]3.C[根据空后的“Theaveragesizeofsuchfishalsodeclined，withonespeciesshowinga57percentdeclineinaveragesize”可知，鱼也变小了，说明空处应该会讲到有关深海鱼不利的一面。再根据空前的“Deep－seafishtakealongtimetoreproduceandnormallyliveformanyyears”可知，深海鱼需要很长时间繁殖。C项提到了繁殖率不高，承上启下，故C项符合语境。]4.E[根据空后的“Thedeep－seaspecies...asiftheyreproducedatthesamerateasrabbits”可知，人们将深海鱼当成快速繁殖的鱼类，这就像杀死大象，好像它们的繁殖率与兔子一样。所以空处应该讲的是渔业根本没有意识到问题的严重性。E项“这些事实都没有被捕鱼业考虑在内”引出下文，符合语境。]5.A[根据空前两句和空后的“Measuresmustbetaken...ensurefoodsecurity”可知，空后一句中的保护生态系统与维持生计和空前两句呼应。空处的内容应与空后一句中的食品安全相关。A项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质”符合语境。故选A项。]Ⅲ.语法填空Primaryschoolsnowattachgreatimportancetolaboreducation,advocatingstudentstodoactivitiessuchascooking,makinghandicrafts1.____________decoratinghouses.XueYoumei,aGrade3student,spentthewinterholidayinGuangxi.EverythingaboutvillagelifewasnoveltoXuewhowasused2.____________urbanlife.XuejoinedherfamilytoworkinafarmfieldplantedwithChinesewaterchestnuts.Xue，3.____________(wear)apairofgloves,helpedherfatherpickupwaterchestnutsinthefield.ForYangLiqiao,aGrade6student,thepastwinterholidaygaveher4.____________newidentity—garbagesortingguide.Yangworeavolunteer’svestandrecordedthesituationofthegarbagesortingworkatherresidentialcommunity.5.____________(additional)，Yangalsoinvitedherclassmatestowalkaroundtheparknearbytopickupgarbageontheground.Yang’sfatherobservedlaboractivitiesofferedstudentsachance6.____________(acquire)knowledge,whichwasnottaughtinclass.Atthesametime,someschoolsinChinaalsoassignedspecializedhomeworkduringthewintervacationtoletstudentsenjoyplay－basedlearning.Somestudents7.____________(ask)tocooperatewithparentstodecoratetheirhomeswithNewYear8.____________(painting).Thetaskaimedtodevelopstudents’9.____________(innovation)thinking.Andsomewererequiredtocollectphysics－relate