2026年全国银行招聘之银行招聘综合知识考试能力提升卷详细参考解析

姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 密封线 2026年银行招聘考试重点试题精编注意事项:1.全卷采用机器阅卷，请考生注意书写规范；考试时间为120分钟。2.在作答前，考生请将自己的学校、姓名、班级、准考证号涂写在试卷和答题卡规定位置。

3.部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题部分必须使用黑色签字笔书写，字体工整，笔迹清楚。

4.请按照题号在答题卡上与题目对应的答题区域内规范作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效:在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。(参考答案和详细解析均在试卷末尾)一、选择题

1、Yournaturalhaircolorbeginstofade（）yougrowolder,andintimeyougrowgrey.A.sinceB.whenC.whileD.as

2、下列各项中属于效率比率的是（）。A.资产负债率B.速动比率C.成本利润率D.流动资产占总资产的比率

3、Theworldpopulationisexpectedtorisetomorethanninebillionby2050，one-thirdofallpeople______expectedtoliveincities。A.hasbeenB.areC.havebeenD.havesucceededin

4、某企业2019年的总资产周转次数为1次，假设资产由流动资产和固定资产组成；流动资产周转次数为3次，如果一年按360天计算，则该企业固定资产周转天数为（）天。A.360B.240C.120D.860

5、一般认为结算业务是一种（）。A.委托代理关系B.债权债务关系C.保管合同关系D.以上说法都不对

6、我国企业国内发行债券所筹集的资金可用于(）。A.固定资产投资B.房地产买卖C.股票交易D.期货交易

7、资料：ThemovementofconsumersfrompublicsocialmediatoprivatemessaginghasbeensorapidthatBusinessInsiderreportedthatthecombinedusageofthetopfourmessagingappsnowexceedsthecombinedusageofthetopfoursocialmediaapps。Fallingdataprices，cheaperdevices，andimprovedfeaturesarehelpingpropelthisgrowth。Whythehungerforprivatemessagingapps？Perhapspeoplearebecomingmoreinterestedinactuallycommunicatingratherthanbroadcasting。Maybewedon’twantpersonalandprivatelivesmerginganymoreandwewantcontroloverourdifferentsocialcircleswithinthesemessagingapps。Asmy16-year-oldnephewputit，“MyfriendpostedonFacebookandwemadefunofhim。WeonlyuseSnapchatnowbecausewhowantstoputeverythinginpublicallthetime？Thisjustconnectsmewithmyrealfriends。”Socialmediawon’tgoaway，buttraditionalsocialnetworksmaybecomelessimportanttocertaingroups。Theriseofmoreintimatechannelspresentsnewopportunities，andperhapsperils，formarketers。Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph？A.ThetraditionalsocialnetworkswillhavegreatimpactoncertaingroupsB.TheprivatemessagingappswillreplacethesocialmediaappsC.Theintimatechannelscanbethedouble-edgedswordstothesellersD.Thegrowthoftheintimatechannelswillbringonlybenefitstothemarketers

8、按组合键（）可选定整个Word文档。A.AIt+PB.Ctr1+AC.AIt+F4D.AIt+Esc

9、资料：Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoesnotliveuptothemanufacturer'sclaims，thefirststepistopresentthewarranty，oranyotherrecordswhichmighthelp.atthestoreofpurchase.Inmostcases，thisactionwillproduceresults.However，ifitdoesnot，therearevariousmeanstheconsumermayusetogainsatisfactionAsimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersistocomplaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral，the“higherup”hisorhercomplaint，thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase，itisusuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavor，assumingheorshehasajustclaim.Consumersshouldcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible，butiftheycannotgettotheplaceofpurchase，itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingisusuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly，andespeciallywhentheconsumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwiththeiteminquestionIfthiscannotbedone，theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatiswrong.ratherthanbymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample，“Theleftspeakerdoesnotworkatallandthesoundcomingoutoftherightoneisunclear”isbetterthan“Thisstereodoesnotwork”Thestoremanagermayadvicetheconsumertowritetothemanufacturer.Ifso，theconsumershoulddothis，statingthecomplaintaspolitelyandfirmlyaspossible.Ifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachievethedesiredresult，theconsumercangotoastepfurther.Sheorhecanthreatentotakethesellertocourtorreportthesellertoaprivateorpublicorganizationresponsibleforprotectingconsumer'srights.Accordingtothepassage，whatistheadvantageofcomplainingdirectlytothestoremanager?A.TheproblemwillbesettledfasterB.TheproblemwillusuallybesettledinthecustomersfavorC.TheproblemwillnolongerexistimmediatelyD.BothA&B

10、以一定单位的本国货币为标准来计算应收多少单位外国货币的标价方式是（）。A.直接标价法B.买人标价法C.间接标价法D.应付标价法

11、以利率或价格为标的，旨在发现银行间市场的实际利率水平、商业银行对利率的预期。这是指（）。A.数量招标B.价格招标C.拍卖D.竞价交易

12、农村信用合作社注册资本金一般不少于人民币（）。A.500万元B.300万元C.200万元D.100万元

13、Thesizeoftheaudience,______wehadexpected,waswelloveronethousand.A.whomB.asC.whoD.that

14、Althoughthegreatwhitesharkhasafearsome______，inastraightfight，itisoutclassedbythekillerwhale.A.reputationB.imaginationC.aggressionD.acquisition

15、资料：HowdidTencenttakeWeChatsofaraheadofitsrivals?Theanswerliespartlyinthepeculiaritiesofthelocalmarket.UnlikemostWesterners,manyChinesepossessedmultiplemobiledevices,andtheyquicklytooktoanappthatofferedthenaneasywaytointegratethemallintoasingledigitalidentity.InAmericamessagingappshadapotentcompetitorintheformofbasicmobile-phoneplans,whichbundiedinSMSmessaging.ButtextmessageswerecostlyinChina,soconsumerseagerlyadoptedfreemessagingapp.Ande-mailnevertookoffonthemainlandthewayithasaroundtheworld,mainlybecausetheinternetcamelate;thatleftanopeningformessagingapps.ButthebiggerexplanationforWechat'sriseisTencent'sabilitytoinnovate.ManyChinesegrewupusingQQ,aPC-basedmessagingplatformofferedbyTencentthatstillhasover800mregisteredusers.QQwasacopyofICQ,apioneeringIsraeliMessagingservice.ButthenChineseimitatorlearnedtothinkforitself.Spottingthecomingriseoftheinternet.Tencentchallengedseveralinternalteamstodesignanddevelopasmartphone-onlymessagingapp.TheQQinsiderscameupwithsomethingalongthelinesoftheirexistingproductforthethePC,butanotherteamofoutsiders（fromajust-acquiredfirm）cameupwithWeixin.WhenTencentlaunchedthenewapp,itmadeiteasyforQQ'userstotransfertheircontactsovertothenewapp.Anotherstrokeofbrilliancecametwoyearsagowhentheservicelauncheda“redpacket”campaigninwhichWeChatuserswereabletosenddigitalmoneytofriendsandfamilytocelebrateChineseNewYearratherthansendingcashinaredenvelope,asiscustomary.Itwascleverofthefirmtoturndutifulgift-givingintoanexcitinggame,notesConnieChanofAndreessenHorowitz,aVCfirm.Italsoencourageduserstobindtogetherintosendmoney,ofteninrandomizedamounts.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinparagraphone?A.Onthemainland,mobiledevicescostalotB.TextmessagesarelessexpensivethanmessagingappinAmericaC.ChinesepeoplelikemessagingappsmorethantextmessagesD.Americanmessagingappsarenotfree

16、对银行机构流动性监管内容不包括（）。A.流动性负债大于自有资本B.资产负债期限匹配C.流动性应保持在适度水平D.银行资产变化情况

17、Passage7Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAutomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.Thehighcourt’sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell’strailfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,”ortheformergovernor’sdecisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty.”Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.”Thecourt’srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionofbribery.“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety–thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernmentrestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecourt’srulingis（）.A.sarcasticB.tolerantC.skepticalD.supportive

18、孙某丈夫外出做买卖5年未归，也没有任何音讯，孙某欲改嫁，下面说法正确的是（）。A.孙某丈夫视为死亡.孙某可以直接改嫁B.孙某丈夫不论是生还是死。孙某均可以改嫁C.孙某丈夫经人民法院宣告失踪后.孙某可以改嫁D.孙某丈夫经人民法院宣告死亡后。孙某可以改嫁

19、字长是CPU的主要性能指标之一，它表示（）。A.最长的十进制整数的位数B.CPU一次能处理二进制数据的位数C.计算结果的有效数字长度D.最大的有效数字位数

20、Highbootswerethe___forwomenlastyear.A.vagueB.vainC.vogueD.void

21、Passengersshouldpossessboardingpass，validpassport，visa，exitregistrationcard，andimmigrationcertificate______byrelateddepartment.A.issuedB.madeC.identifiedD.designed

22、Theinformationmeanslittleifwecannot______iteffectively.A.confirmB.exploreC.considerD.express

23、Weshouldn’tignoretheimportanceof______ourhobbiesorgettinginvolvedinartsandcraftsactivities.A.amplifyingB.enhancingC.fosteringD.magnifying

24、Passage4AlexTaw,a21yearoldstudentfromWiltshire,England.Hespentlastsummerlikeanyotherhighschoolgraduate—hangingoutwithfriends,preparingforcollege,worryingabouthisuniversityfees.Whilemostofhispeersgaveupontheirpipedreams,hesatdownwithanotebookathome,andjotteddownthequestion:HowcanIbecomeamillionaire?TheresultwastheMillionDollarH.Alex’sinitialinvestmentwas50poundstobuywebspaceandadomainname.Hedividedtheblankhomepageintoonemillionpixels,10,000blocksof100pixelseach.Eachpixelwasworth$1withminimumpurchase100pixels.WithinamonthAlexhadearnedsome$37,000,enoughforhimtocovertheentirecostofhisforthcomingthreeyearsatuniversity.Injustafewmonths,hebecamearealmillionaire.HowdidhecomeupwiththeideaoftheMillionDollarHomepage?“Well,IwastryingtothinkofawaytomakesomemoneybeforeIstarteduniversity,asIwasabouttotakeonahugedebtandIwasalreadyoverdrawn.Swiftactionwasnecessary!”Hesaid.Healsoadded,“Theimportantthingisthatanythingispossible—weareonlylimitedbyourimagination.Ialwayshadthisbeliefthatagoodideacanbesuccessfulonitsown.IthinkI’velearnedthatifwethinkdeepertherearemagicalsolutionshidingawayforustofind.”Hispersonalphilosophyaroundmoneyis:Moneyisnoteverything,butit’sanessentialpartofthewaywelive.Havingsomeremovesacertainamountofstress,but,unlesswearecareful,itcancreateanewtypeofstress.Healsosaid,“Istillwanttogotouniversity.Asidefromgainingknowledgeaboutbusiness,thereareotherreasons—exploringyourinterests,meetingnewpeople,andbeinginacreativeenvironment.”Besidesmakingcontributionstosociety,hewouldtrytoencourageandinspirepeopletothinkofcreativesolutionstoproblems,whatevertheyare.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTanimportantfactorforbeingamillionaire?（）A.LargeimaginationB.QuickactionC.GreatambitionD.Greatinvestment

25、We’llgiveeveryemployee____fordevelopment.A.roomB.houseC.employmentD.place

26、4月10日，中国银行在境外成功发行38亿美元等值第五期（）主题债券。此次发行包括美元、欧元、澳元，人民币和港币5个币种，共计8个债券品种，发行主体包括中国银行香港分行、澳门分行，悉尼分行、卢森堡分行、法兰克福分行。债券将在香港联合交易所挂牌上市，部分品种还将在中欧国际交易所、法兰克福证券交易所和卢森堡证券交易所上市。A.亚欧大陆B.全球一体化C.中欧友好D.一带一路

27、从布雷顿森林体系崩溃以来，国际储备最明显的变化是（）。A.美元是唯一的储备货币B.英镑是唯一的储备货币C.黄金是最重要的储备资产D.国际储备资产多元化

28、在()计量属性下，资产按照其购置时支付的现金或者现金等价物的金额，或者按照购置资产时所付出的对价的公允价值计量。A.公允价值B.现值C.重置成本D.历史成本

29、甲乙在银行存款共9600元，如果两人取走各自存款的40%，然后甲再从存款中转账120元给乙，这时两人存款数相等。那么甲的原存款为多少元？A.3500B.3900C.4200D.5000

30、Ascientistoftenreachesadeadendthatleadstonoalternativesinresearchandhastogobackanddetermineifallthe____madearetruetohowtheworldoperates.A.equationsB.principlesC.assumptionsD.theories

31、DespitehisCatholicbackground,Kennedyalsobecameastrongadvocateof_____rightsandlater,asupporterofsame-sexmarriage.A.wasteB.removalC.autonomyD.abortion

32、Passage1TheIMFbelievesthateconomicgrowthispickingup,soundsfamiliar.Aprilisthecruelestmonth,breedinglilacsoutofthedeadland,and,inWashington,chirpyforecastsfromtheIMFthatoftenproveabittoochirpy.OnApril18ththefundreleaseditssemi-annualWorldEconomicOutlook（WEO）,raisingitsforecastforglobalgrowthin2017to3.5%.Growthforecastsfortheemergingworldhavenotchanged.TheIMF'sglobaloptimismisbasedinsteadonhopesofincreasedgrowthintherichworld.ThefundtakesarosyviewoftheAmericaneconomy,citingbothhighlevelsofconsumerconfidenceandDonaldTrump'splansformoregovernmentspending.InBritaintheIMFnowreckonsGDPwillgrowby2.0%in2017,upfromearlierestimatesof1.5%（issuedinJanuary）and1.1%（lastOctober）.TheIMFhasalsoraiseditsforecastsforJapanandtheeuroarea.SniperspointoutthatIMFforecastshavebeenfarfromperfect.Someglitchesareexcusable.Inthespringof1990,itpredictedthatKuwait'seconomywouldgrowby0.8%thatyear.Itactuallyfellby26%.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?（）A.TheeconomicgrowthisturningbetterB.TheworldeconomicgrowthisplungingC.TheIMF’sforecastsonworldeconomysometimesaretoooptimisticD.Theeconomicgrowthoftheemergingworldremainsthesame

33、Becauseitwastoodarkatnight,Icouldsee_____peopleonthestreet.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle

34、世界第一台电子计算机诞生于（）年。A.1945年B.1946年C.1947年D.1948年

35、江某在某超市购买了一台电动榨汁机，l个月后出现故障，要求超市处理。但超市“购物须知”规定：“在本超市购物有质量问题请及时解决，自购物之日起超过15日的概不退换。”超市以此为由，拒绝受理，要求江某与生产厂家联系处理。对本纠纷的处理，下列观点错误的是（）。A.超市的规定是“霸王条款”，损害消费者权益，应当无效B.超市的规定是要约，消费者的购买是承诺，双方形成合同关系，所以规定有效C.超市的规定是格式条款，但免除了自己的责任，所以无效D.超市的规定与产品质量法的规定相抵触.所以无效

36、资料：之后，经济学家Mr.U与你讨论了一些潜在的问题，请根据下列资料回答问题。KGVisstraditionalhigh-streetmusicretailer.BasedinAmsterdam,ithas12storesintheNetherlands,threeofwhicharemegastores.Someyearsago,itexpandedintotherestofEuropeandnowowns65stores-eightofthesearemegastores.Thecompanyisatpresentgoingthroughadifficultperiod.Overthelastthreeyears,profitshavesteadilyfallen,from450mEurosto290mEuros.Themegastores’saleshaverisenby,accountingforofthecompany’sturnover,buttheincreasedrevenuehasbeenachievedonlybyheavyexpenditureonadvertisingandpromotion.Fiercecompetition,anarrowproductrangeandalackofinnovationaresomeofthereasonsforKGV’spoorperformance.Themanagementareconcerned,especially,thattheyarenotexploitingtheopportunitiesofferedbysellingthroughtheInternet.Whatdoestheword“turnover”inparagraph2mean?（）A.AnactorresultofturningoverB.TheaggregateofworkerreplacementsC.ThetotalamountofbusinessdoneinagiventimeD.changefromonepositiontoanother

37、资料：Asabusinessowner，itisvitalthatyouunderstandanduseadvancedtechnologies.Technologycanhelpincreasebusinessefficiencyandevenexpandoperations.Accountingsoftware.Thisisimportant，evenifyouhaveyourownaccountantorbookkeeper.Accountingsoftwareallowsyoutoseeyourprofitsandlossesataglance.Itcanalsohelpyoudesignandmaintainabudgetforyourbusiness.Planningsoftwareortools.AcalendarsystemisamustTherearemanyonlineplanningsystemsthatcanbeutilizedtohelpyoukeepyourcalendarorganized.Findasystemthatmeetsyourbusiness'needsandbesuretostickwithitTimetrackingsoftware.Atimetrackingdevicewillhelpyoudeterminewhattasksresultinaprofitandwhattasksdonot.Thiswillhelpyoudeterminewhattaskscanbeeliminated，outsourced，orimproved.Ifyou'relookingatsoftwarethatrequiresafee，askforafreetrialfirsttomakesureit'stherightsoftwareforyou.EmailmanagementAsabusinessowner，youprobablyuseseveralemailaccountstomanagethevariousaspectsofyourcompany.Ifyoustreamlinetheseemailstooneaccount，you'llbeabletostayorganizedandabreastofyouremails.Mobileinternetaccess.Accesstotheinternetonyourmobiledevicewillnotonlymakeyourlifeeasier，itwillalsohelpyoumaintainapositivereputationforyourbusiness.Forexample，ifyouareabletofollowupwithaclientbyemailimmediatelyafterameeting.youwillbeshowingthatyouareaccessible，timelyandprofessional.Onceyoudecidewhichtypesoftechnologyarerightforyouandyourbusiness，you'llbeonyourwaytobeingmoreorganizedandefficientthanever.What’stheauthor'sattitudetowardsadvancedtechnology?A.NegativeB.CriticalC.PositiveD.Neutral

38、专案审计时，对被审计单位长期挂账的往来账户应采取（）的方法。A.发电子邮件函证B.实地调查C.咨询D.分析资料

39、在国际银行监管史上有重要意义的l988年《巴塞尔协议》规定，银行的总资本充足率不能低于（），核心资本充足率不得低于（）。A.4%8%B.6%8%C.8%4%D.10%4%

40、北京时间2019年2月10日，中国选手（）在起跑出现了失误的情况下跑出了7秒63，夺下了美国DonKirby邀请赛男子60米栏冠军，并创造了本赛季亚洲男子60米栏的最好成绩。A.谢文骏B.谢震业C.苏炳添D.武大靖

41、Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe（）.A.willexpectB.areexpectingC.expectD.hadexpected

42、纸币产生于货币的（）职能。A.价值尺度B.流通手段C.贮藏手段D.支付手段

43、Yourselectionwillarriveinseventotendaysandwillbefollowedby（）deliverieseverysixweeks.A.additionalB.momentaryC.mutualD.thorough

44、经过对账，如果开户单位账面余额与银行分户账余额不符，可通过（）核对出差额，进行查对。A.调节表B.余额调节表C.未达账项调节表D.银行对账单

45、下面不属于M1的范围的是（）。A.李某在交通银行的活期存款1.5万元B.某企业用于日常支付的流动现金80万元C.小卖部老板持有的1000个1元硬币D.某民间协会的三年定期存款20万元

46、Airlinesarealreadyincreasingtheirpriceonthe____thatfuelpricesaregoingtorise.A.consumptionB.destructionC.assumptionD.presumption

47、资料：There'sagoodchancethatspicycrunchytunarollyouorderedforlunchdoesn'tactuallycontainanytunaatall.That'sbecause74%offishsoldatsushivenuesintheUSismislabeledandoftencompletelydifferentthanwhat'sonthemenu,accordingtoa2013surveyfromtheoceanconservationgroupOceana.Butnewtechnologycouldhelpmaketheseafoodbusinessabitmoretransparent.GoogleisteamingupwithOceanaandtheaerialandsatelliteimagingnonprofitSkyTruthtolaunchGlobalFishingWatchthisfall,theNewYorkTimesreports.Theinitiativewilltrackandanalyzefishingboatpracticesusingsatellitetechnologyand,ideally,helpensurethatfewerfakeormislabeledfishareswappedinalongtheway.Seafoodprovidersarealsoinvestingintechnologytoreducefraud.BostonseafooddistributorRed'sBest,forexample,hasincreasedtransparencybysellingfishwithlabelsthatbuyerscanscanwiththeirsmartphonestoaccessawebpagethatprovidesdetailsabouttheindividualfish,includingwherethefishcamefrom,theNewYorkTimesreports.Evenifarestaurantservessomereal,correctlylabeledfish,95%ofthe118sushirestaurantssurveyedbyOceanaincitiesincludingNewYork,Chicago,andLosAngeleshadatleastonefakedsushiitemonthemenu.Currently,thebiggestculpritsforfakesushiaresnapper（92%misleadinglylabeled）andtuna（71%）.Whitetunaisoftenswappedforescolar,whichissometimescalledthe"Ex-LaxFish,"accordingtoInsideEdition,becauseitcancauseintestinalproblems.Roughly75%offishlabeledsnapperisn'tevenfromthesnapperfamily.Becauseofthepredominanceoffraudinthesupplychain,NewYorksushirestaurantSushiNakazawarefusestoserveredsnapperbecausetheriskoffakefishistoohigh.Whysomesushirestaurantsdon'tservesnapper?（）A.BecausetheriskoffakefishistoohighB.BecausenoteveryrestaurantcanaffordsnapperC.Becauseconsumersdon'tlikesnappersushiD.Becausesnapperisrare

48、资料：Acknowledgingthatso-calledcloudcomputingwillblurthedistinctionsbetweencomputersandnetworks,abouttwodozenbiginformationtechnologycompaniesplantoannounceanewstandards-settinggroupforcomputernetworking.Thegroup,tobecalledtheOpenNetworkingFoundation,hopestohelpstandardizeasetoftechnologiespioneeredatStanfordandtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andmeanttomakesmallandlargenetworksprogrammableinmuchthesamewaythatindividualcomputersare.Thechanges,ifwidelyadopted,wouldhaveimplicationsforglobaltelecommunicationsnetworksandlargecorporatedatacenters,butalsoforsmallhouseholdnetworks.Thebenefits,proponentssay,wouldbemoreflexibleandsecurenetworksthatarelesslikelytosufferfromcongestion.Someday,theysay,networksmightevenbelessexpensivetobuildandoperate.Thenewapproachcouldallowforsettingupon-demand"expresslanes"forvoiceanddatatrafficthatistime-sensitive.Oritmightletbigtelecommunicationscompanies,likeVerizonorAT&T,usesoftwaretocombineseveralfiberopticbackbonestemporarilyforparticularlyheavyinformationloadsandthenhavethemautomaticallyseparatewhenadatarushhourisover.Forhouseholds,thenewcapabilitiesmightletInternetserviceprovidersofferremoteserviceslikehomesecurityorenergycontrol.Thefoundation'sorganizersalsosaythenewtechnologieswillofferwaystoimprovecomputersecurityandcouldpossiblyenhanceindividualprivacywithinthee-commerceandsocialnetworkingmarkets.Thosemarketsarethefastest-growingusesforcomputingandnetworkresources.Whilethenewcapabilitiescouldbecrucialtonetworkengineers,forbusinessusersandconsumersthechangesmightbenomorenoticeablethanadvancesinplumbing,heatingandair-conditioning.Everythingmightworkbetter,butmostuserswouldprobablynotknow-orcare-whyorhow.ThemembersoftheOpenNetworkingFoundationwillincludeBroadcom,Brocade,Ciena,Cisco,Citrix,Dell,DeutscheTelekom,Ericsson,Facebook,Force10,Google,Hewlett-Packard,I.B.M.,Juniper,Marvell,Microsoft,NEC,Netgear,NTT,RiverbedTechnology,Verizon,VMWareandYahoo."Thisanswersaquestionthattheentireindustryhashad,andthatishowdoyouprovideownersandoperatorsoflargenetworkswiththeflexibilityofcontrolthattheywantinastandardizedfashion."saidNickMcKeown,aprofessorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatStanford,wherehisandcolleagues'workformspartofthetechnicalunderpinnings,calledOpenFlow.TheeffortisadeparturefromthetraditionalwaytheInternetworks.Asdesignedbymilitaryandacademicexpertsinthe1960s,theInternethasbeenbasedoninterconnectedcomputersthatsendandreceivepacketsofdata,payinglittleheedtothecontentandmakingfewdistinctionsamongthevarioustypesofsendersandreceiversofinformation.TheintelligenceintheoriginalInternetwasmeanttoresidelargelyattheendpointsofthenetwork-thecomputers-whilethespecializedroutingcomputerswererelativelydumbpostofficesofvarioussize,mainlyconfinedtoreadingaddressesandtransferringpacketsofdatatoadjacentsystems.Butthesedays,whencloudcomputingmeansalotoftheinformationisstoredandprocessedoncomputersoutonthenetwork,thereisgrowingneedformoreintelligentcontrolsystemstoorchestratethebehaviorofthousandsofroutingmachines.Itwillmakeitpossible,forexample,formanagersoflargenetworkstoprogramtheirnetworktoprioritizecertaintypesofdata,perhapstoensurequalityofserviceortoaddsecuritytocertainportionsofanetwork.ThedesignersarguethatbecauseOpenFlowshouldopenuphardwareandsoftwaresystemsthatcontroltheflowofInternetdatapackets,systemsthathavebeenclosedandproprietary,itwillcauseanewroundofinnovationfocusedprincipallyuponthevastcomputingsystemsknownascloudcomputers.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheOpenNetwoA.TomakenetworkslessexpensivetobuildandoperateB.ToenhancethecapabilitiesofnetworkengineersC.TosetnewstandardsforcomputernetworkingD.Topromotecloudcomputing

49、Attachments____toyourHotmailaccountcanbedownloadedtoyourpersonalcomputerbyclicking.A.sentB.tosendC.aresentD.sending

50、资料：Thedataabankhasstoredonitsserversismorevaluablethanthegoldinitsvaults.Banksenjoyamonopolyoverdatathathashelpedthemgetawaywithpoorservicesandfendoffcompetitors.InEurope,atleast,thatisallabouttochangewithanewsetofregulations,namedPSD2.Theruleswillcompelbankstosharedataeasilywithlicensedthirdparties.BankersinEuropecomplainthattheirprofitsandcustomerrelationshipsareunderthreat.However,openingupbanks,andthedatatheystore,isgoodforconsumersandcompetition,Newproviderswillbebetterplacedtoofferallsortsofinnovativeservices,suchasaone-clickoptiontoputunspentmonthlyincomeintoapensionplan.Nevertheless,someconcernsaboutPSD2arelegitimate.Inparticular,itisreasonabletowonderabouttheprivacyandsecurityimplicationsofsensitivefinancialdatebeingsharedwiththirdparties.Butbanksthemselvesarehardlyinvulnerabletocyberattacks（网络攻击）.AndthesolutionsthattheEuropeanregulatorsproposetodealwiththeseworrieslookpromising.Thirdpartiesthatwanttousebankdatawillneedtoconvincenationalregulatorsthattheirdatadefensesaresolidandaresubjecttoannualregulatoryinspections.Thegapbetweenwritingrulesandimplementingthemisalwayslarge.First,consentfromcustomerstoprovideaccesstotheirbankdatamustbegainedexplicitly,andthepurposesofthedatauseshou