新人教版七年级英语下册知识点总结及练习

新人教版七年级英语下册知识点总结及练习七年级下册的英语学习，在巩固上册基础的同时，进一步拓展了词汇量，深化了语法知识，并更注重语言的实际运用能力。这份总结旨在帮助同学们系统梳理本学期的核心知识点，并通过配套练习加以巩固，希望能为大家的学习助一臂之力。一、核心语法点梳理1.一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)*用法：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态；表示客观事实或真理。*构成：*主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其他。*主语+实义动词原形/第三人称单数形式+其他。*第三人称单数变化规则：*一般在动词后加-s(e.g.,work-works,play-plays)。*以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词加-es(e.g.,watch-watches,go-goes)。*以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-es(e.g.,study-studies,worry-worries)。*否定句与疑问句：*含be动词：在be动词后加not构成否定句；将be动词提到句首构成疑问句。*含实义动词：借助助动词do/does(第三人称单数用does)。否定句在do/does后加not；疑问句将do/does提到句首，其后动词用原形。*难点提示：同学们在运用时，需特别注意主语是第三人称单数时，动词的正确形式。2.现在进行时(PresentContinuousTense)*用法：表示此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作。*构成：主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词(V-ing)。*动词现在分词变化规则：*一般在动词后加-ing(e.g.,eat-eating,read-reading)。*以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e加-ing(e.g.,take-taking,make-making)。*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加-ing(e.g.,run-running,swim-swimming)。*标志性词语：now,look,listen,atthemoment等。*注意：有些动词通常不用于现在进行时，如表示感官的see,hear,feel；表示拥有的have；表示心理状态的think,know等。3.情态动词Can*用法：表示“能，会”（能力）；表示“可以”（许可）。*构成：can+动词原形。*否定形式：cannot(can't)+动词原形。*疑问形式：Can+主语+动词原形？*答语：肯定回答Yes,...can.否定回答No,...can't.*特点：没有人称和数的变化，其后必须跟动词原形。4.名词*可数名词与不可数名词：*可数名词：有单复数形式，能直接用数词修饰。复数变化规则需重点掌握（一般加-s,以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es,辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-es,不规则变化如man-men,child-children等）。*不可数名词：没有复数形式，不能直接用数词修饰，表示数量时需借助量词，如acupof,abottleof,some,much等。*名词所有格：*单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词：在词尾加's(e.g.,Tom'sbook,Children'sDay)。*以s结尾的复数名词：在词尾加'(e.g.,Teachers'Day,thestudents'classroom)。5.代词*人称代词：主格(I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they)和宾格(me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them)的用法区别。主格作主语，宾格作宾语（动词或介词后）。*物主代词：形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their)后必须跟名词；名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs)相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，后面不跟名词。*指示代词：this,that,these,those的用法及单复数对应。*反身代词：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves。常用搭配如enjoyoneself,byoneself。6.介词*时间介词：at,on,in的基本用法。*at:用于具体时刻(atseveno'clock)，固定搭配(atnoon,atnight,atweekends)。*on:用于具体某一天（星期几、日期、节日）或某一天的上午、下午、晚上(onMonday,onJune1st,onacoldmorning)。*in:用于年、月、季节、泛指的上午、下午、晚上(in2023,inJuly,insummer,inthemorning)。*地点介词：in,on,under,behind,infrontof,nextto,between,near等，表示方位。*其他常用介词：with(和...一起；用某种工具),for(为了；给),from(来自),about(关于),by(乘坐某种交通工具；通过某种方式)。7.基数词与序数词*基数词：表示数量(one,two,three...onehundred)。*序数词：表示顺序(first,second,third...tenth,twentieth,thirtieth...)。*序数词构成：一般在基数词后加-th。特殊变化需牢记：one-first,two-second,three-third,five-fifth,eight-eighth,nine-ninth,twelve-twelfth,twenty-twentieth,thirty-thirtieth等。序数词前通常加定冠词the。8.重点句型与日常交际用语*问候与应答：Howareyou?I'mfine,thanks./Notbad./Justsoso.*询问与提供帮助：CanIhelpyou?/WhatcanIdoforyou?Yes,please./No,thanks.*谈论喜好与厌恶：like/love/enjoy+doingsth.(喜欢做某事)；hate+doingsth.(讨厌做某事)。*询问能力：Canyou...?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.*询问时间、日期、星期：Whattimeisit?/What'sthetime?It's...Whatdayisittoday?It's...What'sthedatetoday?It's...二、词汇积累与运用词汇是语言的基石。本学期应重点掌握教材中每个单元的核心词汇，包括单词的拼写、词性、词义及常见搭配。建议同学们通过以下方法积累词汇：1.语境记忆：结合课文句子或短语记忆单词，而非孤立背诵。2.分类记忆：将同类词汇归纳在一起，如食物类、动物类、交通工具类、颜色类等。3.构词法记忆：了解一些基本的前缀、后缀，如un-(否定),-er(人),-ing(现在分词)等。4.及时复习：遵循艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，定期回顾已学词汇。三、配套练习题I.单项选择(Choosethebestanswer)1.Mymotheroften______(watch)TVintheevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.iswatching2.—______youswim?—Yes,Ican.AndIcanswimverywell.A.DoB.AreC.CanD.Does3.Therearemany______(book)inthelibrary.A.bookB.booksC.abookD.bookes4.Thisis______pen.______isoverthere.A.my;YoursB.mine;YourC.my;YourD.mine;Yours5.Weusuallyhavelunch______12:00______noon.A.at;onB.in;atC.at;atD.on;in6.Look!Theboys______(play)basketballontheplayground.A.playB.playsC.areplayingD.played7.—What'stheweatherliketoday?—It's______.Wecangoforawalk.8.Mybirthdayis______July5th.A.inB.onC.atD.forII.用所给词的适当形式填空(Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords)1.She______(have)anewbike.2.Theseare______(Tom)toys.3.Let's______(go)totheparktogether.4.Mybrotheroften______(do)hishomeworkintheevening.5.Listen!Someone______(sing)inthenextroom.6.Iwant______(buy)anewpen.7.Therearetwo______(knife)onthetable.(提示：knife的复数是特殊变化)8.Thisismyuncle'sfarm.Icanseemany______(sheep)there.(提示：sheep单复数同形)III.句型转换(Sentencetransformation)1.Hecanplaythepiano.(改为否定句)He____________thepiano.2.Theyarereadingbooksinthelibrary.(改为一般疑问句)__________________booksinthelibrary?3.MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish.(对划线部分提问)____________favoritesubject?____________thecat?5.Tomusuallygetsupatsixthirty.(对划线部分提问)__________________Tomusually______up?四、练习题参考答案I.单项选择1.B2.C3.B4.A5.C6.C7.C8.BII.用所给词的适当形式填空1.has2.Tom's3.go4.does5.issinging6.tobuy7.knives8.sheepIII.句型转换1.can'tplay2.Aretheyreading3.What'syour4.Whereis5.Whattimedoes,get