Unit 4 词汇学习讲义 2021-2022学年高中英语（人教版2019必修第一册）

Book1Unit4Wordslearning1.slidevi.&vt.(slid,slid)(使）滑行；滑动Weslidontheice.我们在冰上滑行。slideinto（使）滑入;溜进Thethiefslidintotheroom.小偷悄悄溜进房间。2.floodn.洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没Morethan70peoplewerekilledinthefloods.70多人因洪灾丧生。Telephonecallsfloodedinfromalloverthecountry.全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。Theheavyrainfloodthevillage.大雨淹没了这个村庄。3.magnituden.(地）震级；重大TheWenchuanearthquakehadamagnitudeof8.0.汶川地震的震级为8.0级。4.rescuen.&vt.营救；救援rescueworkersWhataretherescueworkersandsoldiersdoingintheflood-hitarea?在受灾地区，救援人员和士兵在做什么？rescuesb./sth.from…从……中营救某人/某物Firefightersrescuedachildfromaburningbuilding消防队员从着火的大楼里救出了一个孩子。5.damagevt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失Smokingseriouslydamagesyourhealth.吸烟严重损害健康。causedamagetosb/sth对……引起损害Theearthquakecausedseriousdamagetothehouse.地震给这所房子造成了严重的损坏。dodamagetosb/sth对……造成损害Thestormdidn'tdomuchdamagetocrops.暴风雨并未对庄稼造成严重损失。6.destroyvt.摧毁；毁灭Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.城里几乎所有的东西都被毁了。7.evacuatevt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离Almost88,000peoplehavebeenevacuatedfromthearea.近88,000人撤离了该地区。Whentheforestfiresbrokeout,weweretoldtoevacuate.当森林大火爆发时，我们被通知撤离。8.deathn.死；死亡Nodeaths,noinjuries.没有人员伤亡。Twochildrenwereburnttodeathinthefire.两个孩子被大火烧死。9.affectvt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动Abadhomeenvironmentcanaffectachild'shealthygrowth.不良的家庭环境能影响儿童的健康成长。10．sheltern.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避（风、雨或危险）Sheltersweresetupbythegovernment.政府搭建了庇护所。sheltersb/sthfromsb/sth保护……免受……Someparentswanttosheltertheirchildrenfromanyharm.有些父母想保护他们的孩子不受任何伤害。shelterfromsth躲避（风、雨或危险）Weshelteredfromtheraininadoorway.我们在一处门廊里避雨。11.crackn.裂纹；裂缝vi.&vt.(使）破裂Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。Thelittleboyfailedtocrackthewalnut.小男孩没能砸开核桃。12.asif似乎；好像；仿佛Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！世界似乎要到末日！13.ruinn.破坏；毁坏；废墟（多用复数）vt.破坏；毁坏Everywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.幸存者无论朝哪里看，除了废墟什么也没有。Thebadweatherruinedourtrip.坏天气毁了我们的旅行。inruins严重受损；破败不堪Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.在不到一分钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。14.percentn.百分之....About75percentofthecity'sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitalsweregone.大约75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园、所有的医院都消失了。15.shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使）震惊Thelittleboywasspeechlesswithshock.那小男孩惊得说不出话来。Don'ttouchthatwireoryou'llgetashock.别碰那根电线，不然会触电休克的。Thenewsofhisdeathshockedallofus.他死亡的消息我们所有的人都感到震惊。【拓展】（1）shockedadj.（人感到）惊愕的；受震惊的（2）shockingadj.令人震惊的；触目惊心的Iwasshockedtoheartheshockingnews.听到这个令人震惊的消息，我感到很震惊。inshock震惊；吃惊Peoplewereinshock—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。16.electricityn.电；电能Theelectricityhavebeencutoff.停电了。Wecanusethepowerofthewindtomakeelectricity．我们可以使用风力来发电。17.trapn.险境；陷阱vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套Afoxwascaughtinatrap.一只狐狸掉进了陷阱里。Someoftheworkersweretrappedintheruins.有些工人被困在废墟中。trapsbinto（doing）sth诱使某人（做）某事Theytrappedherintomarryingtheirson.他们诱使她嫁给他们的儿子。18.buryvt.埋葬；安葬Hediedattheageof80andwasburiedinhishomeland.他80岁去世了，被安葬在他的家乡。buryoneselfin…专心致志于……Iburiedmyselfinmybook,Ididn'trealizeitwasraining.我专心致志地看书，没注意到下雨了。19.breathevi.&vt.呼吸It'sgoodforthehealthtobreathedeeply.做深呼吸对身体有益。【拓展】breathn.气息；呼吸；一口气holdone'sbreath屏住气outofbreath上气不接下气Shetookadeepbreath.她做了一次深呼吸。20.revivevt.&vi复活；（使）苏醒Theflowerssoonrevivedinwater.这些花见了水很快就活过来了。21.revival/rɪˈvaɪvl/n.振兴；复苏Worldtradeisshowingsignsofrevival.世界贸易正显示出复苏的征兆22.effortn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力Youshouldputmoreeffortintoyourwork.你应该更加努力地工作。makeaneffort作出努力Hewasmakinganefforttocontrolhimself.他努力控制自己的情绪。23.unifyvi.&vt.统一；（使）成一体Thenewleaderhopedtounifythecountry.新领袖希望把国家统一起来。24.wisdomn.智慧；才智Peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.人们必须团结一致,展现智慧，保持积极的心态，重建更光明的未来。【拓展】wiseadj.聪明的；有智慧的Sheisawisewoman.她是一个才女。25.contextn.上下文；语境；背景Youshouldbeabletoguessthemeaningofthewordfromthecontext.你应该能从上下文语境猜出这个词的含义。26.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦Thecompanysufferedheavylosseslastyear.公司去年出现巨额亏损。sufferfrom因……而痛苦；患有（疾病等）Somewerefoundalive,thoughtheyweresufferingfromterribleinjuries.有些人被发现还活着，尽管他们受到了严重的伤。Heappearstobestrongandhealthy,buthesuffersfromheartdisease.他看上去强健,其实他患有心脏病。27.supplyn.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给Ourwatersupplyhasbeencutoff.我们断水了。Priceschangeaccordingtosupplyanddemand.价格受供求关系的影响。supplysbwithsth=supplysthtosb向某人提供某物Cowssupplyuswithmilk.=Cowssupplymilktous.奶牛给我们提供牛奶。intheopenair露天；在户外Peopleputupsheltersintheopenair.人们在户外搭建庇护所。29.survivevt.幸存；艰难度过vi.生存；存活survivesth从……中幸存下来She'sfeedingthebabywhosurvivedtheearthquake.她正在喂养地震中幸存的婴儿。【拓展】（1）survivorn.幸存者；生还者Therewasonlyonesurvivoroftheaccident.这次事故中只有一名幸存者。（2）survivaln.存活；幸存Ithinklifeisastruggleforsurvival.我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。30.powern.电力供应；力量；控制力Therewasnopoweratschoollastnight.Itwassodark.昨天晚上学校停电了，漆黑一片。Asisknowntous,knowledgeispower.众所周知，知识就是力量。【拓展】powerfuladj.（指人）有权势的；有影响力的；（指物）强有力的Chinaiswealthierandmorepowerfulthaneverbefore.中国比以往任何时候更加富有和强大。31.tap/tæp/vi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲Hetappedmeontheshoulder.他轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀。Turnthetapon./Turnthetapoff.打开/关上龙头。Heneverdrinkstapwater.他从不喝自来水。Hefeltataponhisshoulderandturnedround.他觉得有人轻轻拍他的肩膀便转过身来。32.whistlevi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨n.哨子（声）；呼啸声Thecrowdwhistledastheplayercameontothefield.那队员上场时，人群吹口哨。Helistenedtothewhistleofatrain.他听着火车呼啸而过。33.emergencyn.突发事件；紧急情况emergencyroom急诊室emergencyexit紧急出口Thisdoorshouldonlybeusedinanemergency.这道门只能在紧急情况下使用。34.calmadj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静staycalm保持镇静Weshouldstaycalminthefaceofdanger.我们在危险面前要保持镇静.calmsb/sthdown使……平静、安静或镇定下来Hetookadeepbreathtocalmhimselfdown．他深吸了一口气使自己平静下来。35.aidn.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt.(正式)帮助；援助firstaid急救withtheaidof在…的帮助下Hesucceededwiththeaidofanewmethod.借助于一种新的方法，他获得了成功。Toaidthepoorfarmers,thegovernmentprovidedthemwithalotofmoney.为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱。onhand现有（尤指帮助）Hehastoomuchworkonhand.他手头的工作太多了。37.crashvi.&vt.碰撞；撞击n.撞车；碰撞Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothebackofabus.货车失控撞上了一辆公共汽车的尾部。Theplanecrashedneartheisland.那架飞机在岛附近坠毁了。acarcrash汽车撞车事故aplanecrash飞机失事Itissaidthattherewerenosurvivorsoftheplanecrash.据说这次飞机失事无一人生还。38.sweepvt.&vi.(swept,swept)打扫；清扫Couldyoupleasesweepthefloor?你扫扫地好吗？sweepaway消灭；彻底消除Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewave.渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被巨浪冲走了。39.waven.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.挥手；招手Childrenwereplayinginthewaves.孩子们在海浪中嬉戏。Theycametothefrontdoortowavegoodbye.他们来到前门挥手告别。40.strikevi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打铁Theystruckthevillageatnight.他们在晚上对那个村庄