Unit 4 Natural disasters 知识点讲义 2021-2022学年高中英语（人教版2019必修第一册）

Unit4：NaturalDisastersMisfortunestelluswhatfortuneis.不经灾难不知福。Thelastdropofhumanswillbetearsofregretafterenvironmentaldamage.人类的最后一滴水将是环境破坏后悔恨的眼泪。Natureiskindofalovingmother，butalsoabutcherincoldblood.自然不仅是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。Part11：Brainstorming：Haveyoueverexperiencedanynaturaldisasters？Howmanykindsofnaturaldisastersdoyouknow?2..Discussing—Whatdoyouthinkmayhappenbeforeanearthquake?3.Predicting—Lookatthetitleandthepictureandpredictwhatthetextisprobablyabout.1.Firstreading—Matchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.1A.TheearthquakecausedunbelievabledestructiontoTangshan.Para.2B.TheearthquakehappenedandcauseddeathsandinjuriesinTangshan.Para.3C.Helpcamesoonafterthequakes.Para.4D.Strangethingshappened，butnoonepaidattentiontothem.Para.5E.Tangshancamebacktolifeagain.2.Secondreading—Choosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.(1)Whendidtheearthquakehappen?A.AtnightonJuly28,1976. B.OnthemorningofJuly28,1976.C.OntheafternoonofJuly28,1976.D.Thewriterdidn’ttellus.(2)Howmanypeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured?A.Ahalf. B.Twothirds.C.Onethird. D.Thetextdidn’ttellus.(3)Whatdoesthesentence“Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.”mean?A.Thecitywillnotdie;ithashopeanditcanrecoverfromthepain.B.Thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelppeople.C.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.D.Mostofthe10,000minerswererescued.3.Thirdreading—Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.:1：ComparedwithWenchuanEarthquake,whydidTangshanEarthquakecausesuchgreatlosses?阅读一篇文章，首先要知道这篇文章是围绕什么而展开的、是怎样展开的，这就是文章的篇章结构问题。理清文章和段落的组织结构有助于我们更加清晰地把握文章的脉络，理解作者的观点在文章中是如何提出、展开的。理清了文章结构不但可以帮助我们理解和记忆文章的主要信息，还可以帮助我们极大地提高阅读效率。学会有选择地阅读，哪些语句可以跳读、粗读，哪些语句需要精读、细读。本篇文章结构：____________结构；文章是以____________组织的总分//时间句式欣赏1.同词重复表强调 Forseveraldaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.2.everywhere用作连词，引导状语从句。 Everywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.3.把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，这种方法叫做拟人。 Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.[思考]请你在文中找出类似的拟人句： Part2usefulwordsandphrases1.disastern.---(aneventthatresultsin)greatharm,damage,ordeath,orseriousdifficulty灾难，大祸Thisisoneoftheworstnaturaldisastersevertobefallthearea.Heavyandprolongedraincanspelldisasterformanyplants.---beadisaster=tobeveryunsuccessfulorextremelybad非常失败，极为糟糕Theeveningwasacompletedisaster.Asanengineer,hewasadisaster.2.landslide=landfall(alsolandslip,)---amassofrockandearthmovingsuddenlyandquicklydownasteepslope山体滑坡，塌方---thewinningofanelectionwithanextremelylargenumberofvotes（选举中）一方选票占压倒性多数，大胜TheopinionpollsarepredictingalandslidefortheRepublicansinnextweek'selection.alandslidevictory3.flood---tocausetofillorbecomecoveredwithwater,especiallyinawaythatcausesproblems（使）充满水；（使）淹没Ourwashingmachinebrokedownyesterdayandfloodedthekitchen.---tofillorenteraplaceinlargenumbersoramounts大量涌入；蜂拥而至；挤满；充斥Donationsarefloodingintothehomelessshelter.Shedrewbackthecurtainsandthesunlightcamefloodingin.Japanesecarshavefloodedthemarket(=alotofthemareonsale).Hewasfloodedwith(=suddenlyfeltalotof)joywhenhisfirstchildwasborn.---alargeamountofwatercoveringanareathatisusuallydry洪水Afterthefloodittookweeksforthewaterleveltogodown.Theriverisinflood(=waterhasflowedoveritsbanks)again.---infloodsoftearsUK=cryingalot泪雨滂沱Ifoundherinfloodsoftearsinthetoilets.---alargeamountornumberofsomething大批；大量Afloodofcheapimportshascomeintothecountry.4.eruptv.---Whenavolcanoerupts,itexplodesandflamesandrockscomeoutofit.（火山）喷发，爆发Sincethevolcanolasterupted,manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinadangerouspositiononitsslopes.Inner-cityriotseruptedwhenalocalmanwasshotbypolice.---tostartsuddenlyandviolently突然发生Attheendofahotsummer,violenceeruptedintheinnercities.---tosuddenlyexpressyourfeelingsinanoisyway（感情的）爆发；剧烈地表达（感情）Thecrowderuptedinapplauseandcheering.5.magnituden.---thelargesizeorimportanceofsomething巨大；重大，重要性Theydon'tseemtograspthemagnitudeoftheproblem.6.rescue----tohelpsomeoneorsomethingoutofadangerous,harmful,orunpleasantsituation救援；营救；解救Thegovernmenthasrefusedtorescuethecompanyfrombankruptcy.Sheshowedenormouscouragewhensherescuedhimfromthefire.---theactofhelpingsomeoneoutofadangerousorunpleasantsituation救援；营救；解救Lifeboatscarryoutmanyrescueseverymonth.Wehuddledtogetheronthecliffledge,waitingforrescue.Weatherconditionshavemoderated,makingarescueattemptpossible.7.damagen.---toharmorspoilsomething损害，危害；损坏；伤害Manybuildingswerebadlydamagedduringthewar.Itwasascandalthatdamagedalotofreputations.---harmorinjury损害，危害；损坏；伤害Strongwindshadcausedseriousdamagetotheroof.Recentdiscoveriesaboutcorruptionhavedoneseriousdamagetothecompany'sreputation.damages[plural]---moneythatispaidtosomeonebyapersonororganizationwhohasbeenresponsibleforcausingthemsomeinjuryorloss赔偿（金），赔款Thepoliticianwasawarded£50,000indamagesoverfalseallegationsmadebythenewspaper.Thepolicehavebeenorderedtopaysubstantialdamagestothefamiliesofthetwodeadboys.8.destroyv.---todamagesomethingsobadlythatitcannotbeused毁坏，摧毁，毁灭Mostoftheoldpartofthecitywasdestroyedbybombsduringthewar.Theaccidentseemedtohavecompletely/totallydestroyedhisconfidence.(1)ruin指毁坏某种好的或者有用的东西。用作名词，意为“毁灭；废墟”。(2)damage损坏、毁坏，指部分损坏，降低某物的价值，通常接物。(3)destroy指彻底地破坏，一般不可修复，常作“破坏；毁灭”讲。也可以指希望、计划等的破灭。9.evacuatev.---tomovepeoplefromadangerousplacetosomewheresafe（把人从危险的地方）撤离，撤出，疏散，转移Thepoliceevacuatedthevillageshortlybeforetheexplosion.Athousandpeoplewereevacuatedfromtheirhomesfollowingthefloods.Whentoxicfumesbegantodrifttowardourhomes,weweretoldtoevacuate.10.helicopterparents//helicopterview11.death---theendoflife死，死亡Thediseasecausesthousandsofdeathsayear.---bored,frightened,etc.todeath=extremelybored,frightened,etc.无聊（吓等）得要死的---untilyoudie至死，直到死亡Theanimalsburnedtodeathinthebarn.Thetraitorwasputtodeath(=killedasapunishment).12.affect---tohaveaninfluenceonsomeoneorsomething,ortocauseachangeinsomeoneorsomething影响；侵袭；感染；打动Bothbuildingswerebadlyaffectedbythefire.It'sadiseasethataffectsmainlyolderpeople.Affectionn.---afeelingoflikingforapersonorplace喜爱；钟爱；挚爱Hehadadeepaffectionforhisaunt.---winsb'saffections=tosucceedinpersuadingsomeonetoloveyou赢得（某人的）爱He'sanaffectionatelittleboy.Helookedatmeinanaffectionateway.13.shelterv.---(abuildingdesignedtogive)protectionfrombadweather,danger,orattack掩蔽（处）；遮蔽（处）Theyopenedasheltertoprovidetemporaryhousingforthecity'shomeless.Thetreesgave/providedsomeshelterfromtherain.---find/takeshelter=toprotectyourselffrombadweather,danger,orattack躲避Wetookshelterforthenightinanabandonedhouse.---toprotectyourself,oranotherpersonorthing,frombadweather,danger,orattack躲避；保护；遮蔽Wewerecaughtinathunderstorm,withoutanywheretoshelter.Agroupofuswereshelteringfromtherainunderthetrees.---togivesomeoneasecrethidingplacesothattheywillnotbecaughtbythearmy,police,etc.为…提供避难的地方Localpeopleriskedtheirownlivestoshelterresistancefightersfromthearmy.14.crack---tobreaksomethingsothatitdoesnotseparate,butverythinlinesappearonitssurface,ortobecomebrokeninthisway（使）破裂；（使）裂开；（使）产生裂纹Thewallscrackedandtheroofcollapsedintheearthquake.---tobecomementallyandphysicallyweak身心疲惫；神经崩溃Stressandoverworkarecausingteacherstocrack(up).---tofailasaresultofproblems出现隔阂，出现问题；失败Theirrelationshipbegantocrack(up)aftertheirchilddied.---tobreaksomethingopen,especiallyinordertoreachorusewhatisinside（尤指为得到或使用内部的东西而）使破裂，打开，砸开Crackthreeeggsintoabowlandmixthemtogether.---tohitsomethingorsomeone碰，撞，击Icrackedmyheadon/againstthedoor.15.asif16.ruin---tospoilordestroysomethingcompletely（完全）毁掉，毁坏；破坏；糟踏Hugemodernhotelshaveruinedthisonceunspoiltcoastline.Herinjuryruinedherchancesofwinningtherace.---tocauseapersonorcompanytolosealltheirmoneyortheirgoodreputation使破产；使身败名裂；毁灭Cheapimportedgoodsareruiningmanybusinesses.Ifthere'sascandalI'llberuined!---theprocessorstateofbeingspoiledordestroyed毁掉，毁坏，破坏Thecaraccidentmeanttheruinofallherhopes.Theyletthepalacefallintoruin.---asituationinwhichapersonorcompanyhaslostalltheirmoneyortheirreputation破产；身败名裂；毁灭Manycompaniesareontheedge/brink/vergeofruin.Alcoholwasmyruin(=thethingthatspoiledmylife)---be/lieinruins(ofabuildingorcity)tobeextremelybadlydamagedsothatmostofithasfallendown（建筑物或城市）沦为一片废墟，成为一片残垣断壁Thetownlayinruinsafteryearsofbombing.---tobeinanextremelybadstate完全毁坏；严重受损；垮掉Theeconomywasinruinsafterthewar.17.percentOnly40percentofpeoplebotheredtovoteintheelection.Theyoffera10percentdiscountonrailtravelforstudents.18.brick---arectangularblockofhardmaterialusedforbuildingwallsandhouses砖red-brickhousesHewassoembarrassed-hisfacewentbrick-red(=adarkred).19.metal金属；合金---Metal,paper,andglasscanberecycled.---Thewoodenbeamisreinforcedwithametalplate.21.shock---(theemotionalorphysicalreactionto)asudden,unexpected,andusuallyunpleasanteventorexperience令人震惊的事件（或经历）；惊愕，震惊Hermother'sdeathcameasagreatshock-itwassounexpected.Itwassuchaloudcrash-itgaveme/Igotquiteashock.---anelectricshock触电；电击（同electricshock）Ow!-Igotashockfromthatlamp!哎哟！——我被那盏灯电了一下！---afeelingofbeingoffendedorupsetbysomethingyouconsiderwrongorunacceptable愤怒，生气，不快Youshouldhaveseenthelookofshockonherfacewhenhestartedswearing!---tooffendorupsetsomeonebydoingorsayingsomethingthattheyconsiderisimmoralorunacceptable（使）愤怒，（使）生气，（使）不快Theadvertisementsweredesignedtoshock-thatwasthewholepointofthecampaign.22.electricity---aformofenergythatcanbeproducedinseveralwaysandthatprovidespowertodevicesthatcreatelight,heat,etc.电；电能Theelectricityhasbeenturnedoff.anelectricitygeneratingcompanypowered/heatedbyelectricityanelectricitybill23.trap---adeviceorholeforcatchinganimalsorpeopleandpreventingtheirescape陷阱；夹子；捕捉器Thefoxgotitsfootcaughtinatrap.---adangerousorunpleasantsituationwhichyouhavegotintoandfromwhichitisdifficultorimpossibletoescape圈套；诡计Don'tfallintothetrapofthinkingyoucanlearnaforeignlanguagewithoutdoinganywork.Wesettrapstotrytocontrolthemice.24.bury---tocatchananimalinatrap设陷阱（或夹子、捕捉器）捕捉Shesurvivedinthewildernessbyeatingberriesandtrappingsmallanimalsandbirds.---tokeepsomethingsuchasheatorwaterinoneplace,especiallybecauseitisuseful（尤指为利用而）收集，存住，保存（热量、水等）Agreenhousestayswarmbecausetheglasstrapstheheatofthesun.---Ifsomeoneorsomethingistrapped,thatpersonorthingisunabletomoveorescapefromaplaceorsituation.被困住；陷入困境Fireofficersusedcuttingequipmenttofreehislegs,whichweretrappedunderasteelbeam.---betrappedinto(doing)sth==tobeforcedortrickedintodoingsomethingthatyoudonotwanttodo被迫做；被诱骗做Shehadbeentrappedintosayingsomethingshedidnotmean.25.breathe---tomoveairintoandoutofthelungs呼吸Theinstructortoldustobreatheindeeplyandthenbreatheoutslowly.Whenyoubreatheout,youexpelairfromyourlungs.Ibreathedinthecrispmountainairdeeply.Breathn.---theairthatgoesintoandoutofyourlungs呼吸的空气；气息Heburstintotheroom,red-facedandoutofbreath(=unabletobreathecomfortablybecauseoftirednessorexcitement).Catchone’sbreath---topauseorrestforashorttimeuntilyoucanbreathecomfortablyorregularlyagain停下来将气喘匀Ihadtostoprunningtocatchmybreath.---drawbreath=tobreathe呼吸Withoutpausingtodrawbreathshetoldmeeverything.---holdyourbreathtokeepairinyourlungsandnotreleaseitsothatyouneedmore屏住呼吸Howlongcanyouholdyourbreathunderwater?---takeabreath=tobreatheairintoyourlungs(asasingleaction)吸气Thedoctortoldmetotakeadeepbreath(=breatheinalotofair).---abreathofairthesmallestamountofwindTherewasn'tabreathofairintheroom.26.revive---tocomeorbringsomethingbacktolife,health,existence,oruse（使）苏醒；（使）复原；（使）复兴；（使）重新流行torevivesomeone'shopes/confidence/fortunesAhotshowerandacupofteawillreviveyou.Traditionalskillsarebeingrevived.revival---theprocessofbecomingmoreactiveorpopularagain复苏；复兴；重新流行Recently,therehasbeensomerevivalof(interestin)ancientmusic.Aneconomic/artisticrevivalissweepingthecountry.27.effort---physicalormentalactivityneededtoachievesomething气力；精力；努力Ifwecouldallmakeanefforttokeepthisofficetidieritwouldhelp.Intheireffortstoreducecrimethegovernmentexpandedthepoliceforce.Ittakesalongtimetopreparethedishbuttheresultsaresogoodthatit'sworththeeffort.---theresultofanattempttoproducesomething,especiallywhenitsqualityisloworuncertain（尤指不理想的或难以确定的）结果Doyouwanttohavealookathisexampaper?It'safairlypooreffort.---beaneffort=tobedifficult,tiring,orboringtodo做…很难（费劲、乏味等）I'mexhaustedallthetime,andeverythingisarealeffort.---Aconsiderableamountoftimeandefforthasgoneintothisexhibition.28.unify---tobringtogether;combine整合；统一；使成一体Ifthenewleaderdoesmanagetounifyhiswarringpartyitwillbequiteanachievement.29.wisdom---theabilitytouseyourknowledgeandexperiencetomakegooddecisionsandjudgments智慧；明智Hehostsaweeklyradioprogrammeinwhichhedispenseswisdom(=giveshisopinions)onavarietyofsubjects.BeforeIwentofftouniversitymyfathergavemeafewwordsofwisdom.Pearlsofwisdom30.context---thesituationwithinwhichsomethingexistsorhappens,andthatcanhelpexplainit（事情存在、发生的）背景，环境Itisimportanttoseeallthefightingandbloodshedinhisplaysinhistoricalcontext.ThissmallbattleisveryimportantinthecontextofScottishhistory.---thetextorspeechthatcomesimmediatelybeforeandafteraparticularphraseorpieceoftextandhelpstoexplainitsmeaning上下文；语境Inthisexercise,awordisblankedoutandyouhavetoguesswhatitisbylookingatthecontext.31.suffer---toexperiencephysicalormentalpain受苦；受折磨Ithinkhesufferedalotwhenhiswifelefthim.Shesuffersinthewinterwhenit'scoldandherjointsgetstiff.She'sbeensufferingfrom(=beenillwith)cancerfortwoyears.---toexperienceorshowtheeffectsofsomethingbad经历，经受，遭受（坏事）25policemensufferedminorinjuriesduringtheriots.Hehashelpedpatientssufferingfromanxiety,depression,andeatingdisorders.Thecitysufferedanotherblowlastmonthwiththeclosureofthelocalcarfactory.32.volcano---anextinct/dormantvolcano死／休眠火山anactivevolcano活火山34.supply---toprovidesomethingthatiswantedorneeded,ofteninlargequantitiesandoveralongperiodoftime供应，提供，供给Ahealthydietshouldsupplyallnecessaryvitaminsandminerals.---anamountofsomethingthatisavailableforuse供应量，供给量Whenevershegoesoutwithherbaby,shealwaystakesalargesupplyofbabyfoodwithher.Inthecapital,demandforcheaphousingfaroutstripssupply(=whatisprovided).---supplies=foodorotherthingsnecessaryforliving生活必需品，日用品Therefugeesareurgentlyinneedoffoodandmedicalsupplies.---anamountofsomethingavailable供应量，供给量Extensivemininghasreducedthesuppliesofcoalinthearea.----thegas,electricity,etc.supplythesystemusedforsupplyinggas,electricity,etc.topeople煤气／电力等供应系统Someonehasturnedofftheelectricitysupply.---inshortsupplyIfsomethingisinshortsupply,thereislittleofitavailable.供应不足，短缺Strawberriesareinshortsupplythissummer.35.intheopenair36.typhoonThe169,000-tonvesselwentdownduringatyphoonintheSouthChinaSea.37.hurricaneThestateofFloridawashitbyahurricanethatdidseriousdamage.Theroofoftheirhousecavedinduringahurricane.Thehurricaneispredictedtoreachthecoasttomorrowmorning.38.survivev.---tocontinuetoliveorexist,especiallyaftercomingclosetodyingorbeingdestroyedorafterbeinginadifficultorthreateningsituation继续生存，存活；（尤指）幸存Theseplantscannotsurviveinverycoldconditions.Thefamilyarestrugglingtosurviveonverylittlemoney.Thechairmanoftheboardsucceededinsurvivingthechallengetohisauthority.---tocontinuetoliveaftersomeone,especiallyamemberofyourfamily,hasdied比（尤指家人）活得长Heissurvivedbyhiswifeandfourchildren.39.power---abilitytocontrolpeopleandevents影响力；操控力；势力Oncenicotinehasyouinitspower,it'sverydifficulttostopsmoking.I'venopoweroverhim-hedoeswhathewantsto.---theamountofpoliticalcontrolapersonorgrouphasinacountry权力；政权Doesthepresidenthavemorepowerthantheprimeminister?HowlonghastheConservativePartybeeninpower?Thearmyseizedpowerafterfivedaysofanti-governmentdemonstrations.---strength力，力量Weightliftershavetremendouspowerintheirarmsandlegs.Scientistsareworkingtoharnessthepoweroftheatom.---anofficialorlegalrighttodosomething权力，权限；职权I'dliketohelpbutIdon'thavethepowertointerveneinthisdispute.It'snotinyourpowertocanceltheorder.---electricity,especiallywhenconsideringitsuseorproduction电力Youshoulddisconnectthepowerbeforeattemptingtorepairelectricalequipment.---abilities能力，本领Mymentalpowersaren'tasgoodastheyusedtobe.---anaturalskilloranabilitytodosomething能力，本领Thesurgeondideverythinginherpowertosavehim.40.tap---tohitsomethinggently,andoftenrepeatedly,especiallymakingshort,sharpnoises（常指连续）轻拍，轻叩，轻敲Thebranchestappedagainstthewindow.Someonetappedmeontheshoulder.---togetormakeuseofsomething开发；开辟；着手利用Formorethanacentury,Easterncitieshaveexpandedtheirwatersuppliesbytappingevermoreremotesources.Thereisarichveinofliterarytalentherejustwaitingtobetappedbypublishers.---adevicethatcontrolstheflowofliquid,especiallywater,fromapipe（水）龙头，阀门thehot/coldtap热水／冷水龙头Turnthetapon/off.打开／关掉水龙头---agentleknockortouch,orthenoisemadebyknockingsomethinggently轻扣，轻敲，轻拍；轻轻拍打（或敲击）的声响Igaveheratapontheshoulderandsheturnedaround.Therewasataponthewindow-Dadwasoutside!41.pipe---atubeinsidewhichliquidorgasflowsfromoneplacetoanother管；管子；管道awater/gas/sewerpipe供水／煤气／下水管道42.whistle---tomakeahighsoundbyforcingairthroughasmallholeorpassage,especiallythroughthelips,orthroughaspecialdeviceheldtothelips吹哨子；（尤指）吹口哨；用口哨吹出SomeonewaswhistlingBeatlestunesoutsidemywindow.Therefereewhistledandthegamewasover.---tomakealong,highsoundwhilemovingquicklythroughorpastsomething呼啸而过Sheheardthewindwhistlingthroughthetreesandthehowlofadistantwolf.Isteppedoutofthebuildingandimmediatelyabulletwhistledpastmyhead.---thesoundmadebysomeoneorsomethingwhistling哨子声；口哨声；呼啸声Irecognizedmyfather'stunelesswhistle.Itsoundedlikethewhistleofanold-fashionedsteamtrain.Shelistenedtothewhistleofthewindthroughthetrees.---anobjectthatyouholdtoyourlipsandblowthroughinordertomakealoud,highsound哨子，笛子Therefereeblewhiswhistleforhalf-time.43.emergencyIstheemergencyexitsuitableforwheelchairs?ThepilotoftheaircraftwasforcedtomakeanemergencylandingonLakeGeneva.44.calm---peaceful,quiet,andwithoutworry冷静的，镇静的Hehasaverycalmmanner.Nowkeepcalmeveryone,thepoliceareontheirway.---withouthurriedmovementornoise平静的，安静的Afteranightoffighting,thestreetsarenowcalm.---Iftheweatheriscalm,thereisnowind,oriftheseaoralakeiscalm,itisstillandhasnowaves.---calmly=inaquietorrelaxedway安静地；平静地；镇静地Shereactedsurprisinglycalmlytothenewsofhisdeath.---tostopsomeonefeelingupset,angry,orexcited使平静；使安静；使镇静Hetriedtocalmthescreamingbabybyrockingitbackandforth.45.aid---helporsupport帮助；支持Hegetsaboutwiththeaidofawalkingstick.Shewenttotheaidofamantrappedinhiscar.Awomaninthestreetsawthathewasintroubleandcametohisaid.---apieceofequipmentthathelpsyoutodosomething辅助物，辅助设施；辅助工具teachingaids,suchasbooksandvideosAthesaurusisausefulaidtowriting.---helpintheformoffood,money,medicalsupplies,orweaponsthatisgivenbyarichercountrytoapoorercountry（向贫弱国家提供的食品、金钱、医疗物资、武器等）援助，救助TheVaticanhasagreedtodonate$80,000inhumanitarian/emergencyaidtocountriesaffectedbythewar.Aboutafifthofthecountry'sincomeisintheformofforeign/overseasaid.---inaidofsb/sth=inordertocollectmoneyforagroupofpeoplewhoneedit为帮助…，为救援…aconcertinaidoffaminerelief---tohelp帮助；援助Hugeprojectsdesignedtoaidpoorercountriescansometimesdomoreharmthangood.Hisexcusefordrinkingbrandyisthatit'ssaidtoaiddigestion.46.kitFirstaidkit---asetofthings,suchastoolsorclothes,usedforaparticularpurposeoractivity（用于某种目的或活动的）成套工具（或服装）afirst-aid/toolkit一套急救用品／工具apregnancy-testingkit一套验孕用具47.onhand---neartosomeoneorsomething,andreadytohelporbeusedifnecessary在跟前，在旁边A1,200-strongmilitaryforcewillbeonhandtomonitortheceasefire.Forthoseofyouwhodon'thaveanatlastohand,NewcastleisacityinthenortheastofEngland.48.crash---Ifavehiclecrashesorsomeonecrashesit,itisinvolvedinanaccident,usuallyaseriousoneinwhichthevehicleisdamagedandsomeoneishurt.撞（车）；撞毁，撞坏；坠毁Weskiddedontheiceandcrashed.Theplanecrashedintoamountainside.Theyhadanarrowescapewhentheircarcrashed.---tohitsomething,oftenmakingaloudnoiseorcausingdamage（使）猛撞（常发出巨大声响或造成破坏）Wecouldhearwavescrashingon/againsttheshore.Withoutwarning,thetreecrashedthroughtheroof.---Ifacomputerorsystemcrashes,itsuddenlystopsoperating.（计算机或系统）瘫痪，死机Mylaptop'scrashedagain.49.sweep---tocleanespeciallyafloorbyusingabrushtocollectthedirtintooneplacefromwhichitcanberemoved打扫，清扫，扫除sweepthefloor扫地Sheswepttheashesfromthefireplace.WhenIarrivedhewassweepingtheleavesfromthedriveway.---tomove,especiallyquicklyandpowerfully （尤指快速有力地）移动，冲Everyonelookedupasshesweptintotheroom.Thefireswept(=spreadquickly)throughthehouse.---toquicklyspreadthroughandinfluenceanarea风行，风靡，迅速蔓延，迅速传播A1970sfashionrevivalissweepingEurope.---toremoveand/ortakeinaparticulardirection,especiallyinafastandpowerfulway（尤指迅猛地）带走，卷走Alargewavesweptawayhalfthesandcastle.Shesweptthepileofpapersandbooksintoherbag.50.wave---挥（手）；招手，摆手（表示问候、指示或强调）Iwavedto/athimfromthewindowbuthedidn'tseeme.Iwaswavingmyhandlikemadbutheneveroncelookedinmydirection.---tomakeamovementwithyourhandthattellssomeonetomoveinaparticulardirection挥手示意（某人）离开／继续向前（等等）You'llhavetowaittillthepolicemanwavesthecaron.---tomovefromsidetoside,ortomakesomethingmovelikethiswhileholdingitinthehand挥舞，挥动；摆动，摇晃Thecornwavedgentlyinthesummerbreeze.Acrowdofpeoplerandownthestreetwavingbanners.51.strike---torefusetocontinueworkingbecauseofanargumentwithanemployeraboutworkingconditions,paylevels,orjoblosses罢工We'restrikingforbetterpayandimprovedsafetystandards.---tocauseapersonorplacetosufferseverelyfromtheeffectsofsomethingveryunpleasantthathappenssuddenly突然侵袭；使受折磨；使遭受重创Thediseasehasstruckthewholecommunity,sometimeswipingoutwholefamilies.---tohitorattacksomeoneorsomethingforcefullyorviolently击，打；撞击；碰撞；攻击Hercarwentoutofcontrolandstruckanoncomingvehicle.Thepolicehavewarnedthepublicthatthekillercouldstrikeagain.---tokickafootball,especiallyhardsothatittravelsalongdistance用力踢（足球）Beckhamstrucktheballwithprecision.---Whenaclockstrikes,itsbellsringtoshowwhatthetimeis.（时钟）敲，鸣，报时Theclockwasstrikingtenaswewentintothechurch.---Ifyoustrikeamatch,youcauseittoburnbyrubbingitagainstahardroughsurface.擦，划（火柴）Shestruckamatchandlitanothercigarette.。Hebentandstruckamatchonthesoleofhisboot.---toreachormakeanagreement达成，制定（协议）Doyouthinkthegovernmentshouldtrytostrikeadealwiththeterrorists?---tocausesomeonetohaveafeelingorideaaboutsomething给人以…感觉；让…觉得；使产生…想法Doesn'titstrikeyouasoddthathenevertalksabouthisfamily?Iwasimmediatelystruckbythesimilaritiesbetweenthetwomurders.Sohowdoesmypropositionstrikeyou?(=Whatdoyouthinkofit?)---Ifathoughtorideastrikesyou,yousuddenlythinkofit.（想法或主意）突然闪现在…的脑海；猛然意识到[+that]It'sjuststruckmethatIstilloweyoufortheconcerttickets.Sittingatherdesk,shewasstruckbythethoughtthattherehadtobesomethingmoretolife.---strikeapose/attitude=tomoveyourbodyintoaparticularposition摆出姿势Shemaybe67,butshecanstillstrikeasexypose.---aperiodoftimewhenworkersrefusetoworkbecauseofanargumentwithanemployeraboutworkingconditions,paylevels,orjoblosses罢工Someminerswerecallingforanationwidestrike.Awaveofstrikessweptthecountry.Thecity'sbusdrivershavebeenonstrikeforthreeweeks.52.deliver---totakegoods,letters,parcels,etc.topeople'shousesorplacesofwork运送，递送，投递Mailisdeliveredtoourofficetwiceaday.---togive,direct,oraimsomething给出；指向；瞄准Thepriestdeliveredapassionatesermon/speechagainstwar.Thepolicesaidthatitwastheblowdelivered(=given)toherheadthatkilledher.---toachieveorproducesomethingthathasbeenpromised实现；产生；兑现（诺言）Thegovernmenthasfailedtodeliver(whatit