物流英语 课件全套-第1-9章 Overview of Logistics -E-commerce Logistics

LogisticsEnglish主讲人：XXXChapter1OverviewofLogisticsLearningObjectives1.Tounderstandthedefinitionand7Rtheoryoflogistics;2.Tolearntheactivitiesinlogisticssystem;3.Togetacquaintedwiththeconceptofreverselogistics;Warmingup1.GroupDiscussion.Itisbelievedthatthedevelopmentofinternationallogisticsisinthetrendofdigitalization&intelligence,greensustainabledevelopmentandsupplychainintegration.Pleaseworkingroupsandchooseonekindoftheabovetrendsandgivemoredetailedinformationandshareitwiththewholeclass.2.Listening.Listentothefollowingparagraphandfillintheblanks.

Internationallogisticsisan_____________importantdisciplinefortheglobal_____________asmorecompaniesleverageittoreducecostsandtakeadvantageofhighlyspecialized_____________indifferentindustriesandregionsworldwide.Thoughthepotentialpitfallsaremany,investingingood_____________andprocedures,andfindingtherightinternational_____________,canbuildmorecompetitivebusinesses—businesses_____________ofsourcing,hiring,anddelightingcustomersaroundtheworld.TextA:WhatisLogisticsTerms&Expressions1.prevalentadj.盛行的；普遍存在的e.g.Cross-bordere-commerceisprevalent,reshapinghowgoodsmoveglobally.跨境电商盛行，重塑了全球货物流动方式。2.replenishmentn.补充e.g.Servicescanincludestockreplenishment,storageandpackaging.服务通常包括补货上架、仓储和包装。相关词汇：replenishv.重新充满e.g.Threehundredthousandtonsofcerealsareneededtoreplenishstocks.需要30万吨谷物才能重新装满仓库。3.pointoforiginn.起源地；原产地e.g.Thegoodsweresentfromthepointoforigin这批货是从原产地发出的。相关表达：certificateoforigin原产地证书4.disposaln.清除；处理；抛弃e.g.Efficientdisposalofexcessinventoryiscrucialtopreventoverstocksituationsandoptimizewarehousespace.高效处理过剩库存对于防止滞销情况和优化库存空间至关重要。相关表达：wastedisposal废物处理机atsb’sdisposal可供…使用5.inventoryn.库存；存货e.g.Accurateinventorytrackingiscrucialforminimizinglossesandensuringtimelyproductavailability.准确的库存跟踪对于减少损失和确保及时产品供应至关重要。相关表达：inventorymanagement库存管理6.freightn.货物；货运e.g.Willthegoodsbesentbyairorseafreight?这些货物要空运还是海运？相关表达：freightlist运价表freightrate运费率freightspace舱位，船位freighttocollect运费到付freightprepaid运费预付Notes1.CouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals美国供应链管理专业协会1963年在美国芝加哥成立，原名为美国实物配送协会，1983年更名为美国物流协会（CouncilofLogisticsManagement），2005年1月1日更名为美国供应链管理专业协会。该协会是美国和世界上物流和供应链管理领域最有影响的专业组织，在15个国家有81个圆桌分会。协会的宗旨是通过发展、提升和传播物流与供应链知识来服务物流供应链行业。2.Logisticsisapartofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomers’requirements.物流是供应链过程的一部分，负责计划、实施和控制商品、服务和信息从源头到消费的快速、高效流动和储存，用以满足客户的需求。注意efficient和effective两词的区别：efficient指效率高的、有能力的，而effective强调有效的、有影响的。3.Inboundlogisticsisoneoftheprimaryprocessesoflogisticsconcentratingonpurchasingandarrangingtheinboundmovementofmaterials,parts,orfinishedinventoryfromsupplierstomanufacturingorassemblyplants,warehouses,orretailstores.入场物流是物流的主要过程之一，它专注于采购和安排材料、零件或成品库存从供应商到制造或装配厂、仓库或零售店的入场移动。4.Outboundlogisticsistheprocessrelatedtothestorageandmovementofthefinalproductandtherelatedinformationflowsfromtheendoftheproductionlinetotheenduser.出场物流是与最终产品的存储和移动相关的过程，其中，相关信息从生产线流向最终用户。RolePlay:IntroductiontoaLogisticsCompany(Leo,thesalesrepresentativeofZhongjiShippingCompany,istalkingwithErik,apotentialcustomer.)Leo:Welcometoourcompany,Mr.Erik.Nicetomeetyou.Erik:Metoo.Leo:Mr.Erik,mynameisLeo.Hereismycard.Pleaseallowmetointroducemycompany.Erik:Thankyouforalotofcare.Leo:Ourbusinesscoversimportandexportcontainertransportationandagency,doortodoorpickupanddelivery,customclearance,warehousingandconsolidation.Erik:Isee.Leo:ZhongjihasbecomeoneofthemarketleadersinChina’sfreightforwardingandlogisticsindustrytoday.Erik:Right.Leo:WehavehelpedFordtosubstantiallyreducelogisticscosts.Erik:Pleaseexplainindetail.Leo:Ofcourse,thatwasoneofthebestresultsachievedinthebeginningofthe2010’s.Erik:Oneofthebestresults?Inwhatway?Leo:Weimprovedtheirmanagementbyoptimizingtheirplansofdemonstrationbeforeplungingintoaction.Asaresult,theoverallutilizationwasraisedconsiderably.Erik:It’samazing.Leo:Ifyouareconcernedaboutlogisticsquestions,youcanaskanyone.Wehaveareputationfortopservice.Erik:Ihopeso.Leo:Ifyouhaveamoment,I’mhopingtovisityou.Erik:Well,youarewelcome.I’dliketohearyoursuggestions.TextB:ActivitiesinaLogisticsSystemTerms&Expressions1.modeoftransport运输方式e.g.Thisisthemaximumsizethatcanbesafelyhandledbythemodeoftransportselected.这是所选运输方式能够安全搬运的最大尺寸。相关表达：meansoftransport,wayoftransport2.carriern.运输工具；承运人e.g.Suchdocumentsthatareissuedbythecarriershallnotbenegotiable.承运人签发的此类单证不得转让。3.warehousingn.仓储e.g.Alldonationsgotowardthecostofwarehousing.所有捐款都用作仓储费用。相关词汇：warehousen.仓库warehousemann.仓库管理人warehousereceiptn.仓单4.packagen.包装e.g.Thecompanypaysspecialattentiontothedesignoftheproductpackagetoensureitisbothattractiveandfunctional.公司特别注重产品包装的设计，以确保其既吸引人又实用。相关表达：neutralpackage中性包装outerpackage外包装innerpackage内包装5.complywith遵守e.g.Importedgoodsmustcomplywiththecountry’scustomsregulationsandstandardstobeallowedintothemarket.进口货物必须符合该国海关的规定和标准，方可进入市场。相关表达：conformto/abideby/follow/observe6.procurementn.收购；采购e.g.Theprocurementofmarblemostlikelyfocusedononeprimaryareainthemainquarry.大理石的采购很可能集中在主采石场的一个主要区域。7.assignv.布置（工作、任务）；分配（某物）e.g.Thelogisticsmanagerwillassignspecificshippingroutestooptimizethedistributionnetwork.物流经理将分配特定的运输路线，优化分销网络。相关词汇：assignmentn.（被派遣出去做的）工作onassignment执行任务；（被派遣到特定地点的）工作Notes1.Materialscanbemoveddirectlybypeopleliftingtheitemsorusinghandcarts,slings,andotherhandlingaccessories(manualliftingandhandling).Materialscanbealsomovedbypeopleusingmachinessuchascranes,forklifttrucks,andotherliftingfixtures(mechanicallifting).物料可直接由人吊运或使用手推车、吊索和其他搬运配件移动（人工吊运和搬运操作）。人们也可以使用起重机、叉车和其他起重装置（机械起重）等机器来移动物资。2.Inventorymanagementdealswithbalancingthecostofmaintainingadditionalproductsonhandagainsttheriskofnothavingthoseitemswhenthecustomerwantsthem.Thistaskhasbecomemorecomplexasfirmshavegraduallyloweredinventorylevels.库存管理负责平衡维持手中剩余产品的成本与客户需要时没有这些产品的风险。随着企业库存水平逐渐降低，这项任务变得更加复杂。3.Procurementisthepurchaseofmaterialsandservicesfromoutsidetosupportthefirm’soperationsfromproductiontomarketing,salesandlogistics.Itincludestheselectionofsupplysourcelocation,timingofpurchases,pricedetermination,qualitycontrolandmanyotherfactors.采购是指从外部购买材料和服务，以支持公司从生产到营销、销售和物流的运营。它包括货源地的选择、采购时间、定价、质量控制等诸多因素。KeystoExercisesWarmingupListening：increasingly;economy;capabilities;technology;partners;capableExercisesI.略II.1-j,2-h,3-k,4-l,5-b,6-m,7-c,8-g,9-n,10-o,11-d,12-e,13-a,14-f,15-iIII.1.B2.C3.C4.A5.A6.B7.C8.D9.A10.CIV.1.inventory2.logistics3.route4.movement5.flow6.import7.derived8.storage9.importance10.locationV.1.Third-partylogisticsprovidersofferalllogisticsservices.Theyactasfacilitatorsorintermediariesbetweenthefirstparty(supplierormanufacturer)andthesecondparty(buyerorcustomer).2.Logisticscostsindevelopedcountriesaccountforaround10%ofthegrossdomesticproduct(GDP).3.Excessivepackagingcanincreaselogisticscosts,whileinsufficientpackagingmayleadtodamagetothegoods.4.Insimpleterms,availabilityreferstowhentheproductisalreadypreparedininventorywhenthefinalcustomerwantstopurchaseit.5.Productionistheprocessoftransformingrawmaterialsintosemi-finishedorfinishedproductsforsaleordelivery.VI.1.现代物流是世界上最具挑战性和令人兴奋的工作之一。2.许多专家认为物流就像一座冰山，只有顶端可见，不可见的部分要大得多。3.物流是一个独特的全球“管道”，全天候运营，规划和协调产品运输到世界各地的客户。4.我们应该记住，一种物流系统并不适用于所有公司。物流系统中的活动数量可以因公司而异。5.仓储是每个物流系统的重要组成部分，它在以最低总成本提供所需客户服务水平方面发挥着重要作用。SupplementaryReading1.B2.B3.C4.B5.DLogisticsEnglish主讲人：XXXChapter2SupplyChainManagementLearningObjectivesTounderstandthedefinitionofsupplychain;Togetacquaintedwiththemodelsandfeaturesofsupplychain;Tolearntheactivitiesandbarriersofsupplychainmanagement.WarmingupGroupDiscussionPleaseworkingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestionwithyourpartner(s):Nowadays,ethicshasbecomeanincreasinglyimportantaspectofsupplychainmanagement,somuchsothatasetofprinciplescalledsupplychainethicswasborn.Consumersandinvestorsareinvestedinhowcompaniesproducetheirproducts,treattheirworkforce,andprotecttheenvironment.Asaresult,companiesrespondbyinstitutingmeasurestoreducewaste,improveworkingconditions,andlessentheimpactontheenvironment.Canyougivemoreexamplesabouthowethicsandsupplychainmanagementarerelated?2.Listening.Listentothefollowingparagraphandfillintheblanks.

Supplychainmanagementisthe_____________oftheflowofgoodsandservicesandincludesall_____________thattransformrawmaterialsintofinalproducts.Itinvolvestheactivestreamliningofabusiness’ssupply-sideactivitiestomaximizecustomer_____________andgainacompetitiveadvantageinthe_____________.Bymanagingthesupplychain,companiescancut_____________costsanddeliverproductstotheconsumerfasterandmoreefficiently.Thefivemost_____________elementsofSCMaredevelopingastrategy,sourcingrawmaterials,production,distribution,andreturns.TextA:

WhatIsaSupplyChainTerms&Expressions1.vendorn.小贩；摊主；卖主e.g.Thecompanyisevaluatingpotentialvendorstosecureareliablesourceofrawmaterialsforproduction.公司正在评估潜在的供应商，以确保原材料供应可靠。2.addressv.对付，应付；处理e.g.Theissueoffundinghasyettobeaddressed.资金问题尚未得到解决。3.consortiumn.（数家公司或银行联合组成的）联营企业；财团，银团e.g.Aconsortiumofsuppliersjoinedforcestooptimizetheprocurementprocessandreducecosts.供应商联盟齐心协力，以优化采购流程，降低成本。4.interfacev.互相联系；互相交流；（尤指）互相配合工作e.g.WeuseE-mailtointerfacewithourcustomers.我们使用电子邮件与客户联系。相关表达：interfacewith=communicatewith...与……联系5.upstreamn.上游downstreamn.下游e.g.NowMr.Zongisreadytomoveon:“Itistimetoexpandbothupstreamanddownstream,”hesaid,thoughhegavefewdetails.如今，宗庆后已准备好继续前行：“现在是时候同时向上下游扩张了。”但他几乎没有透露细节。6.intersectionn.交叉；相交e.g.Eachcellshowsanintersectionoftwomodulesandacountofthedependenciesbetweenthem.每个单元格表示两个模块之间的交集，以及它们之间依赖的多少。相关词汇：intersectv.相交；交叉；贯穿Notes1.APICS（AmericanProductionandInventoryControlSociety）美国生产与库存管理协会美国生产与库存管理协会创建于1957年，作为一个管理组织，与时俱进，已经三易其名，现在的APICS被解释为“AdvancingProductivity,Innovation,andCompetitiveSuccess”，即“提高效率，崇尚创新，竞争取胜”。APICS总部位于美国芝加哥市，目前APICS已发展成为一个国际性现代管理的权威性协会和教育培训机构，但APICS是一个非营利性组织，旨在通过提供各种教育资源、分会活动和资格认证考试推广APICS知识体系，促进生产和库存管理作为职业发展。近年来，APICS知识体系已经扩展到适用于制造业和服务业的整个运营管理领域。APICS资格证书是欧美发达国家企业界公认的中高级生产管理专家的代名词，具有很高的含金量。2.AmericanProductivityandQualityCenter（APQC）美国生产力与质量中心APQC是全球基准测试、最佳实践、流程和绩效改进，以及知识管理方面最重要的权威组织。该中心自1991年开始研究并开发流程分类框架（PCF），1992年发布PCF1.0。PCF将运营与管理等流程汇总成12项企业级流程类别，每个流程类别包含许多流程群组、总计超过1500个作业流程与相关作业活动。2008年，APQC陆续提出了10个行业的流程分类框架。3.nodecompany/enterprise:节点公司/企业从供应链的结构模型可以看出供应链是一个网链结构，由围绕核心企业的供应商、供应商的供应商和用户、用户的用户组成。一个企业是一个节点，节点企业之间存在需求与供应关系。供应链的节点企业涉及运输、仓储、保管、搬运、包装、产品流通及物流信息，还有原材料供应商、生产商、批发商、零件商、物流公司及最终用户等。4.Thesupplychainisacrucialconceptincostaccountingbecauseproductionmanagersmustunderstandallthestepsrequiredtocreateaproductorserviceanddeliverittocustomers.供应链是成本核算中的一个关键概念，因为生产经理必须熟悉提供产品或服务并将其交付给客户所需的所有步骤。RolePlay:(Jim,theSCMmanagerofShanheShippingCompany,istalkingwithSam,amanagerfromanothercompany.)Jim:Welcometoourcompany,Mr.Sam.Nicetomeetyou.Sam:Nicetomeetyou,too,Jim.TodayIamheretolearnfromyousinceIheardthatyourcompanyhasadoptedanSCMInformationSystem(SCMIS),hasn’tit?Jim:Yeah,nowwehaveruntheSCMInformationSystemforhalfayear,anditseffectisgreat.Sam:Wow,wonderful.Couldyoupleaseintroduceittomebriefly?Jim:Mypleasure.SCMISisaninformationsystemusedtocoordinateinformationflowbetweeninternalandexternalcustomers,suppliers,distributors,andotherparticipantsinaSC.Itisquitenecessarytodevelopamanagementinformationsystemformanufacturingsupplychain.Sam:WhataretheadvantagesoftheSCMInformationSystem?Jim:ThebiggestbenefitofSCMInformationSystemishighefficiencysinceitcanmakeallmembersofthesupplychaincarryoutcollaborativedevelopmentofproducts,collaborativeprocurement,production,distributionanddeliveryofmaterialsundertheoperationofaunifiedplan.Sam:Howaboutthedisadvantages?Jim:While,theinformationsystemishighlydecentralizedenterprisescannotinteractsmoothly.Sam:Igotit.Thankyou.TextB

SupplyChainManagementandIntegrationTerms&Expressions1.monitorv.监控；监测；监视；密切注视e.g.Thecompanyimplementedacentralizedplatformtomonitoractivitiesofsupplychainpartners.公司实施了一个集中式平台，用于监控各个供应链合作伙伴的活动。相关表达：monitoringsystem监控系统monitoringpoint监测点2.cumulativeadj.累计的；累积的；渐增的e.g.Thecumulativeeffectofexecutingsmallerinstantaneousinteractionsisoftenthemostefficientwaytoaccomplishalargergoal.要完成较大目标，最有效的途径往往是多次执行规模较小的即时交互操作。相关表达：cumulativeannualrategrowth年积累增长率相关词汇：cumulatev.堆积adj.堆积的cumulationn.积累；堆积；3.disjointedadj.不连贯的；脱节的e.g.Thesignal-processingunits,quicklyshepherddisjointedbitsofinformationintoandthenoutofshort-termmemory.一个个信号处理单元引导大量杂乱的零散信息快速地进出短期存储器。相关词汇：disjointv.分离4.sourcingn.采购e.g.Ourcompanyhasestablishedbroadsourcingchannelsandhasmanyyearsofexperienceindesigning,developingandmanufacturting.我公司建立了广泛的采购渠道，并具有多年的设计、开发、生产经验。相关词汇：sourcev.〈美〉从（他处）获得（原料、零部件等）；采购；得到供货5.scenarion.方案；场景e.g.E-mailserviceprovidersmustallowforasmoothtransitionfromarealworldscenariototheinternet,forthosewhoarepetrifiedofit.对于那些对网络世界不精通的人，电子邮件服务提供商需要保证从真世界的场景到因特网上的场景转变是流畅的、不易察觉的。6.dynamicallyadv.动态地e.g.Afterthesubprimecrisis,dynamicallycounter-cyclicalpolicyseemstobeoneoftheimportantmeasurestoreducecreditprocyclicality.次贷危机之后，动态调整的逆周期监管政策似乎可以成为缓解信贷顺周期的重要措施之一。相关词汇：dynamicn.动力；动力学；推动变化的力量adj.充满活力的；活跃的；dynamicaladj.不断变化的；充满变数的；动力的；动力学的7.scrapv.废弃；取消；抛弃；报废e.g.Iftheapplianceistobescrapped,itmustbeentrustedexclusivelytoaspecialistwastedisposalcompany.若电器需要报废，必须专门委托专业废物处理公司执行。Notes1.comparativeadvantage比较优势英国古典政治经济学家大卫·李嘉图（DavidRicardo）于1817年出版了《政治经济学及赋税原理》一书，提出了著名的比较优势原理（LawofComparativeAdvantage）。这是一个最重要的、至今仍然没有受到挑战的经济学普遍原理，具有很强的实用价值和经济解释力。比较优势与绝对优势（AbsoluteAdvantage）相对，指一个生产者以低于另一个生产者的机会成本生产一种物品的行为。如果一个国家在本国生产一种产品的机会成本（用其他产品来衡量）低于在其他国家生产该产品的机会成本，则这个国家在生产该种产品上就拥有比较优势。也可以说，当某一个生产者以比另一个生产者更低的机会成本来生产产品时，我们就称这个生产者在生产这种产品和服务上具有比较优势。2.CIO.（CongressofIndustrialOrganizations）美国产业工会联合会美国产业工会联合会是美国劳工联合会−产业工会联合会之一。美国劳工联合会−产业工会联合会（AFL-CIO），中文简称“劳联−产联”，它是美国老牌工会组织，也是最大的工会组织。AFL-CIO1955年由成立于1886年的美国劳工联盟（theAmericanFederationofLabor，AFL）和成立于1935年的工业组织协会（theCongressofIndustrialOrganizations，CIO）在1955年联合而成，因此名为“AFL-CIO”（TheAmericanFederationofLaborandCongressofIndustrialOrganizations），它是美国历史上最大的工会组织之一。KeystoExercisesWarmingupListening：management,processes,value,marketplace,excess,criticalExercisesI.略II.1-c,2-d,3-i,4-b,5f-,6-g,7-j,8-e,9-a,10-hIII.1.D2.C3.B4.C5.B6AIV.span2.procurement3.vendor4.interface5.monitor6.sourced7.addressing8.scenario9.disjointed10.intersectionV.1.Insucha"frozen"statecompositedeckboardsareoftenplacedintoawarehouseandeventuallysoldtoanenduser,acustomer.2."AnyofthebigcompanieswhoaimatagloballeadershipmustseetheEUasanaturalpartoftheirgrowthjourney,"hesaid.3.Ifyourjobrequiresyoutointerfacewithmanydifferentdatabasesinthecourseofaday,thismaybethetoolforyou.4.Asupplychainincludesallthebusinessesinvolvedingettingafinishedproducttothemarket.Youmighthearthewords"upstream"and"downstream"whenreferringtovariousstopsalongthechain.5.Theprocessandoperationofthesupplychaincanbeanalyzedfromfouraspects:workflow,physicalflow,informationflowandfundsflow.VI.1.管理人员必须了解他们的需求，并与供应商建立关系，以确保原材料以合理的价格及时供应给企业。2.当每个流程都与关键客户和供应商交互时，客户关系管理流程和供应商关系管理流程构成了供应链中的关键环节。3.供应链管理以最有效的方式完全处理组织的整个生产流程系统。4.在当代，它是每个组织灵活运行并为客户提供更好服务所需的重要组成部分。5.计划和管理所有资源，以满足客户对公司产品或服务的需求。SupplementaryReading1.D2.D3.D4.B5.BLogisticsEnglish主讲人：XXXChapter3TransportationandDistributionLearningObjectives*Tounderstandthemodesoftransportation;*Tolearnaboutthedistributionmanagement;*Togetacquaintedwiththecontainerization.Warmingup1.GroupDiscussionTheoperationoftransportationdeterminestheefficiencyofmovingproducts.Theprogressintechniquesandmanagementprinciplesimprovesthemovingload,deliveryspeed,servicequality,operationcosts,theusageoffacilitiesandenergysaving.Pleaseworkingroupsanddiscusswithyourpartner(s)whatChineseenterprisesdotosaveenergyduringinternationaltransportation.2.Listening.Listentothefollowingparagraphandfillintheblanks.

Listentothefollowingparagraphandfillintheblanks.Thelatestnews,analysis,servicesandsystemsregardingtransportationanddistributionandtheir_____________________onglobalsupplychains.Today’scompaniesareshippingand______________perishablesandmanufacturedgoodsfasterandfartheraroundtheworldthaneverbeforethroughtransportationanddistribution_______________.Newtechnologiesthatprovideinformationduringlocalandglobalshipmentsviaair,_______________andseaaretransformingtheway_______________dobusiness—andallowingthemtostayaheadofthecompetitionintheirindustries.Astheseservicescontinuetoevolve,businessesare_______________newwaystoincreaseefficiencyandcutcosts.TextA:

TransportationMode

Terms&Expressions1.paramountadj.至关重要的；首要的e.g.Fortime-sensitivedeliveries,thespeedoftransportationisparamount.对于时间紧急的交付，运输速度至关重要。相关表达：paramountimportance至关重要paramountclause首要条款相关用法：beparamounttosth./doingsth.对……至关重要2.maritimeadj.海的；海事的；海运的；船舶的e.g.Anyship,goodsorothermovablesareexposedtomaritimeperils.Suchpropertyisintheactreferredtoas“insurableproperty”.任何船舶、货物或其他动产都会面临海上危险的影响。此种财产在本法中被称为“可保财产”。相关表达：maritimeaffair海运事务maritimeagreement海运协定3.utilizev.利用；运用；使用；应用e.g.Comparedwiththepriorart,theinventioncanimprovetheworkingconditionsofworkshops,fullyutilizeresources,andgeneratehighbenefits.与现有技术相比，该发明能够改善车间的工作环境，使现有资源得到更加充分的利用，产生良好的效益。相关表达：utilizesth.(assth.)使用；利用；运用；应用4.versatileadj.多方面的；万能的e.g.Oneofthemainreasonsisthelackofamoreconvenientandversatiletoolfortheprediction.主要原因之一是缺乏一种较为方便和通用的预测工具。5.pivotaladj.关键性的；核心的e.g.Thetimelymaintenanceofthevehiclefleetispivotaltoensurethereliabilityofthetransportationsystem.及时对车辆队列进行维护是确保运输系统可靠性的关键。相关表达：pivotalrole关键作用6.containerizationn.集装箱运输；集装箱化e.g.Becauseofthefast-developingglobalcontainerization,mostcontainerportsarefacinggreatchallengesandchances.由于全球集装箱运输快速发展，大多数集装箱港口面临着巨大的挑战和机遇。相关词汇：containern.容器；包装箱；集装箱7.unrefinedadj.未精制的；未经提炼的e.g.Theunrefinedorewastransporteddirectlyfromtheminetotheprocessingplant.未经提炼的矿石直接从矿山运送到加工厂。相关表达：unrefinedoil未精制油unrefinedsugar未精制糖unrefinedinformation未经精选的情报相关词汇：refinev.精炼；改进；改善；提纯refinedadj.精炼的；提纯的；精制的Notes1.LTL&TL零担运输&整车运输零担运输［Less-than-Truck-Load（LTL）］是物流运输中的一个名词，指货主需要运送的货不足一车，作为零星货物交运，会产生高额的运输费用。零担运输是相对于整车运输［Truck-Load（TL）］而言的。在实际的市场操作中，对于零担运输和整车运输的划分，基本上以能否装满一车进行区分。2.Oregon俄勒冈州俄勒冈州（StateofOregon）是美国的一个州，位于美国的太平洋沿岸，该州南面为加利福尼亚州，北面为华盛顿州，气候温和，季节分明。俄勒冈州的经济极为发达，人均GDP高达8.7万美元，是美国重要的高科技中心和金融中心。3.Withthecontinuedimprovementofvehiclesandroadinfrastructure,transportationbyroadisthemostversatilewiththeleastgeographicalconstraints.随着车辆和道路基础设施的不断完善，公路运输成为主要运输方式中用途最广、地域限制最少的运输方式。4.Withrisingfreightratesandashortageofavailabletruckdriversonthemarket,companiesareturningtoothermodes,primarilyrail,tocompleteshipments.Inacapacitycrunchlikethis,companiesscrambletoseehowtheycankeepcostslowwhilemaintainingfulfillmentpromises.随着运费的上涨和市场上可用的卡车司机的短缺，很多公司正在转向其他方式（主要是铁路运输）来完成运输。在这样的产能危机中，企业争先恐后地寻找在履行承诺的同时保持低成本的方法。5.Thecostofshippingprimarilyliesinitsconstruction,thediameterofthepipeline,andtheviscosityofthefluidbeingtransported.运输成本主要取决于其结构、管道直径和所运输流体的黏度。RolePlay:(LeeisfromLogisticsCompanyA,andJohnisfromElectricCompanyB.JohnisvisitingLogisticsCompanyA.)Lee:Mr.John,mynameisLee,themanagerofourcompany.Hereismycard.Welcometovisitourcompany.I’mwillingtointroducemycompany.John:Thankyouforyourcare.Lee:WeareoneofthetoplogisticscompaniesinChina,andourbusinesscoversimportandexportcontainertransportationandagency,doortodoorpickupanddelivery,customsclearance,warehousingandconsolidation.John:Wow,amazing.Lee:Wecanprovidedifferentmeansoftransportation.Andweareespeciallygoodatrailway,highwayandairway.WebecomeoneofthemarketleadersinChina’sfreightforwardingandlogisticsindustrytoday.John:Uh-huh.Lee:WehavehelpedFordsubstantiallyreducelogisticscosts.John:Pleaseexplainindetail.Lee:Weimprovedtheirmanagementbyoptimizingtheirplansoftransportationmodesbeforeplungingintoaction.Asaresult,theoveralllogisticschainwasraisedconsiderably.John:That’sgreat.Lee:Nowpleasefollowmetovisitourcompany.Thisway,please.TextB:DistributionManagementTerms&Expressions1.blockchainn.区块链e.g.Ablockchainisaledgerofeverydigitaltransactionevermadeonthesystem.区块链是系统中曾开展过的每笔数字化交易的账本。2.disruptionn.破坏；干扰；分裂e.g.Thesuddenweather-relateddisruptioncauseddelaysinthedeliveryschedule.突发的与天气有关的干扰导致了交货计划的延误。相关表达：naturaldisruption自然破坏humandisruption人为破坏3.epidemicn.流行病；蔓延e.g.Thecorruptionhasbecomeepidemicinthesociety.这种腐化已成为社会上的一种歪风。相关表达：anepidemicof盛行……epidemicdiseases流行病4.pandemicn.大流行病；（流行于全国/全世界的）传染病；瘟疫adj.（疾病）大流行的e.g.Thefluwascontainedbeforeitbecameapandemic.流感在变成流行病之前被控制住了。相关表达：pandemicinfluenza大流行性感冒pandemicdisease大范围流行病pandemicinfection世界性传染pandemicplague疫病注意epidemic和pandemic两词的区别：epidemic侧重于传染病的严重性，意为传染病、流行病、风尚等的流行；pandemic侧重于疾病的传染范围大，意为流行病、瘟疫等。5.recessionn.萧条；经济衰退e.g.Despitetherecession,thecompanyisconfidentoffurtherexpansion.尽管经济衰退，公司对进一步扩展仍充满信心。相关词汇：depression（同义词）6.perishableadj.易腐烂的；易变质的e.g.Perishablegoodsarepilingupatthedocksbecauseofthestrike.由于罢工，码头上易腐烂的货物堆积如山。相关词汇：perishv.（物质或材料）老化；腐烂；脆裂perishabilityn.易逝性；易腐性Notes1.NeimanMarcus,NordstromandMacy’s美国三家百货公司NeimanMarcus（内曼·马库斯百货公司）是美国以经营奢侈品为主的连锁百货商店，已有100多年的发展历史。公司总部在美国得克萨斯州达拉斯，是最受美国服装消费者青睐的高档服装连锁店之一。Nordstrom（诺德斯特姆）创立于1901年。它的第一家店铺位于美国西雅图，当时的店名叫华林−诺德斯特姆鞋店，是以创始人卡尔·华林和约翰·诺德斯特姆的名字命名的，以销售鞋子为主要业务，并为顾客提供修鞋服务。诺德斯特姆以优质的服务而闻名于世，被称为世界上服务最好的商店。Macy’s（梅西百货公司）是美国联合百货公司旗下公司（1994年美国联合百货公司收购了梅西百货公司）。梅西百货公司是美国著名的连锁百货公司，旗舰店位于纽约市海诺德广场（HeraldSquare）。1924年梅西百货公司在第7大道开张时曾被宣传为“世界最大商店”。2.Distributionisamanagementsystemwithinlogisticsthatisfocusedonorderfulfillmentthroughoutdistributionchannels.Adistributionchannelisthechainofagentsandentitiesthataproductorservicemovesthroughonitswayfromitspointoforigintoaconsumer.配送是物流中的一个管理系统，主要负责分销渠道中订单的履行。分销渠道是产品或服务从其原产地到消费者的过程中所经过的一系列代理商和实体。3.Besidesdeliveringhigherprofits,distributionmanagementeliminateswasteinanumberofways,rangingfromreducedspoilagetoreducedwarehousingcostssinceproductsandgoodscanbedeliveredasneeded(“justintime”inventory),ratherthanstoredinbiggerbulk(“justincase”inventory).除了高利润，配送管理还通过多种方式避免浪费，从减少损坏到降低仓储成本，因为产品和货物可以根据需要交付（“及时”库存），而不是大量存储（“以防万一”库存）。4.Distributionchallengescanarisefromavarietyofdisruptions.Naturaldisruptionsincludesevereweatherevents,rawmaterialshortages(e.g.badcropyears),pestdamages,andepidemicsorpandemics.Humandisruptionsincluderiots,protests,warsandstrikes.各类突发事件可能会给配送带来挑战。自然突发事件包括恶劣天气、原材料短缺（如歉收年份）、虫害及流行病。人为突发事件包括骚乱、抗议、战争和罢工。KeystoExercisesWarmingupListening：impact,delivering,solutions,ground,companies,discoveringExercisesI.略II.1-f,2-e,3-a,4-o,5-i,6-k,7-b,8-j,9-n.10-d,11-d,12-c,13-h,14-l,15-gⅢ.C2.B3.C4.A5.D6.A7.D8.C9.D10.BIV.1.paramount2.eliminate3.recession4.unrefined5.optimize6.perishability7.maritime8.distribution9.containerization10.disruptionV.1.TheRomanswerethefirsttoutilizeconcreteasabuildingmaterial.2.Thesesystemsplayapivotalroleinensuringthatrecycledmaterialscanbeincorporatedintheproductioncycleandreprocessed.3.Keyleadersandmanagersisparamounttothesuccessofmodernlargecompanies.4.I'mreadytoplaceanorderwithyou,butonlyoneconditionisthatthegoodsareconfinedtoCanadian.5.Pricesrangefrom$119to$199,dependingontheparticularconfiguration.VI.1.公路运输的历史比其他运输方式要悠久，并且是物流中最常使用的运输方式。2.飞机作为一种首选的旅行方式越来越受欢迎，也使航空运输更加方便，因为货物经常搭载在客机上，也使得航空成为一种经济的货物运输方式。3.管道将天然气和石油等未精炼的化石燃料从原产地可以运输到炼油厂或转运地。4.经济方面的考验包括经济衰退、萧条、消费者或市场需求的突然下降或增加、费用或合规成本的变化、汇率波动和付款相关问题。5.电子商务是最时兴和最具颠覆性的分销渠道，其中商品和服务虚拟在线代表，然后直接销售给买家。SupplementaryReading1.D2.B3.C4.C5.CLogisticsEnglish主讲人：XXXChapter4WarehousingandInventoryManagementLearningObjectivesTounderstandthedefinitionofwarehousingandinventorymanagement;Tolearnthebenefitsanddrawbacksofusingadistributioncenter;Togetacquaintedwiththeconceptofinternationalwarehousing.Warmingup1.GroupDiscussion.Overseasw