河北承德市2025-2026学年高一下学期期末巩固训练英语试题（含答案）

河北承德市2025-2026学年高一下学期期末巩固训练英语试题一、阅读理解TheHarvest&HeritageFestival2026ComeandexplorethestoryofThanksgivingwithus!ThisannualeventlooksbackatearlyAmericanhistoryandcelebratescenturies-oldtraditions.Jointhecommunitytoexperiencetherichheritageandvariouscustomsofthistraditionalholiday.HistoricalRootsThefestivaldatesbacktotheautumnof1621whenearlyEuropeansettlersheldathree-dayharvestcelebration.Initiallyasmalllocaleventtowelcomeasuccessfulharvestafteradifficultyear,ithasnowbecomeanationwidecelebrationoffamilyandgratitude.Time-honoredTraditionsTheTurkeyFeast:OnSundayevening,familiesgatherforabigtraditionaldinner.Eatingturkeyandpumpkinpieremainsthemostfamouscustom,whichbecamepopularacrossthecountryinthelate1800s.TheBigParade:OnSaturdaymorning,watchgiantballoonsandmusiciansmarchthroughthestreets.Interestingly,thisfamouscustomactuallystartedinNewYorkin1924,notintheearlycolonialdays!TheCornucopiaLegend:Earlysettlersusedahorn-shaped(角形的)basketfilledwithfruitstoshowtheirwealth.Today,makingthisautumndecorationremainsabelovedfamilyactivity.Lecture&WorkshopTicketsHistoryTalk:$15(Saturdayafternoon—HearhistoriansshareoldstoriesofearlyAmerica)AutumnCrafting(精心制作):$20(Sundayafternoon—Learntomaketraditionalcornucopiadecorations)SpecialOffer:Teenagers(aged13-18)receivea$5discountonanyticket.Childrenunder13canenteralleventsforfree.1．Whatistheeventmainlyintendedtodo?A．Toselltraditionalfoodsandcrafts.B．Toreviewandcelebratetraditions.C．Toteachpeoplehowtogrowcrops.D．Toshowgratitudetothecommunity.2．Whichcustomhastheshortesthistoryaccordingtothetext?A．Thegiantballoonparade. B．Thebigfamilyturkeydinner.C．Thethree-dayharvestcelebration. D．Thehorn-shapedbasketdecoration.3．Howmuchshouldateenageboyandhisparentspaytohearhistorystories?A．$30. B．$40. C．$45. D．$55.WhenDerekPoskinfirstarrivedinthehistoriccityofYangzhouin2016,hewassimplytracingafamouspoembyLiBai.However,theancientcityofferedhimmorethanbeautifulviews;itinspiredadeeploveforChinesetea.“Coffeeisforwork,butteaisforlife,”the28-year-oldAmericanoftensays.Whatstartedasapersonalinterestquicklygrew,andasheboughtmoreleavesandteapots,heeventuallyturnedhislivingroomintoawarehouse(库房).Tosharehispassion,helaunchedasideprojectin2018,whichlaterbecameaglobalteabusiness.ExploringChina’steaculture,however,wasabigchallenge.Ratherthanworkingthroughmiddlemen,Poskinchosetogodirectlytowheretheleavesgrew.Withaleapoffaith,heonceconnectedwithayoungfarmernamedZhaoviasocialmediaandheadedtoGuafengzhai,aremotevillage.There,hespentfourdayshikingthroughprimitive(原始的)forestsandlearningtheleaffixationprocessfromlocalfamilies.Tobetterunderstandtheculture,heevenlivedinChaozhouforayeartostudytheartofmakingclayteapots.Throughthesejourneys,Poskin’sunderstandingofteachangedfromasearchfor“correctness”toanappreciationfordiversity.HerealizedthatChineseteacultureisnotfixedandvariesbyregion:whilepeopleinYangzhoumightdrinkgreenteastraightfromaglassjar,thoseinChaozhoupreferelegantteasets.“Anywayyoudrinkteaistherightway,”hesays.Nowrunningateahousenamed“EmptyCup”inYangzhou,Poskinalsoshareshisjourneysworldwidethroughvideosandapodcast.Lookingahead,heplanstoturnhisbusinessintoasocialenterprise(企业)tofinancelocalteafarmers.Foryoungpeopledreamingofsuccess,heoffersaperspectiveofpatience:“Greatthingstakeyearsofpracticeandimprovement.Don’trushit,andonedayeverythingwillcometogether.”4．WhatledtothestartofPoskin’steabusiness?A．HiswishtointroduceotherstoChinesetea.B．HisdesiretotraveltoremoteChinesevillages.C．HisfailuretofindasatisfyingjobinYangzhou.D．HisdreamofbecomingafamouspoetlikeLiBai.5．HowdoesPoskincarryouthisteasourcingwork?A．Byworkingwithlocaldealers. B．Byemployingoverseasagents.C．Bymakingfieldvisitstoorigins. D．Bysearchingononlineplatforms.6．WhatisakeyfeatureofChineseteacultureaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Itfeaturesregionaldifferences.B．Itdemandsstandardpreparation.C．Ithighlightsthebeautyofteasets.D．Itfocusesonteamakingprocesses.7．WhatisPoskin’sfutureaimforhisbusiness?A．Toopenchainteashops.B．Todevelopnewteavarieties.C．Tobeafull-timecontentcreator.D．Tofundtea-growingcommunities.Severalyearsago,somedoctorsinCanadabegan“prescribing”(开处方)arttotheirpatients,offeringthemfreeaccesstolocalmuseums.Theideawassimple:bywanderingamongmasterpiecesandreflectingonpaintings,patientsmightimproveboththeirphysicalandmentalhealth.AnewstudyfromtheUKnowsuggeststhisisfarfromanoddidea.ResearchersatUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)foundthatjoininginartsorculturalactivitiesonceaweekcouldslowbiologicalagingalmostasmuchasexercisingonceaweek.Inotherwords,“artislife”mayhaverealscientificsupport.Thestudyfollowedmorethan3,500adultsintheUK,examininghowoftentheytookpartinartisticorculturalactivitiesandmeasuringtheirbiologicalageusingepigenetic(表观遗传)clocks.Theseclocksestimate(预测)howfastapersonisagingbasedonlifestyleandgeneactivity,ratherthansimplycountingbirthdays.Activitiesincludedvisitingmuseumsorlibraries,attendingexhibitions,painting,crafting,singing,dancing,andmore.Participantswhoengagedinsuchactivitiesweeklyshowedsignificantlysloweragingcomparedtothosewhorarelydid.Onemeasurementtool,DunedinPACE,foundthatweeklyparticipationslowedagingbyabout4percent.Anotherclock,PhenoAge,suggestedthatweeklyartengagementmadepeopleappearnearlyoneyearyoungerbiologically—almosttwicetheeffectofweeklyexercise.Thebenefitswerestrongestamongmiddle-agedadults.Interestingly,thegreaterthediversityofactivities,thebettertheresults.AccordingtoseniorauthorFeifeiBu,thisisthefirstevidencedirectlylinkingartsengagementwithslowerbiologicalaging.Previousstudiesalreadyshowedthatartreducesstress,lowersinflammation,andimproveshearthealth—effectssimilartoexercise.LeadresearcherDaisyFancourt,whohasstudiedart’shealthbenefitsfornearlytenyears,believesthesefindingsprovethatartshouldberecognizedasahealth-promotingbehavior.Justasdoctorsmayprescribenaturewalksorforestbathing,theymightregularlyprescribemuseumvisitsorcreativehobbiesinthefuture.Afterall,whetherenjoyingnaturallandscapesorhuman-mademasterpieces,bothexperiencesseemtoprovidethesame“ingredients”forbetterhealthandhappiness.8．Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Tochallengeatraditionalview. B．Toanalyzeasocialphenomenon.C．Tointroduceamedicaltreatment. D．Topresentaresearchbackground.9．Whatdoweknowaboutepigeneticclocksfromthetext?A．Theychangeourgeneexpressions.B．Theyshowaperson’srealbirthdate.C．Theyindicatebiologicalagingspeed.D．Theydeterminetheeffectsoflifestyle.10．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheeffectofartsengagement?A．Frequencymattersthemost. B．Varietybringsgreaterbenefits.C．Mentalhealthgreatlyimproves. D．Benefitspeakamongtheelderly.11．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Creativeactivitiesrequirelesseffort. B．Artandnaturesharehealthbenefits.C．Medicalprescriptionsarechangingfast. D．Artworksaremoreattractivethannature.Theshippingindustryisresponsibleforaround3percentofcarbondioxideemissions.However,ifwind-assistedcargo(货物)shipschoseroutesbasedentirelyonwherethewindsarebetter,theirfuelusecouldbesignificantlyreducedorevencompletelyeliminated.Thereisgrowinginterestamongshippingcompaniesinexploitingwindpowertocutcosts.Somearebuildingshipswithconventionalsailsfromthebeginning,whileothersareaddingautomatedsailstoexistingships.Currently,somewind-assistedshipsarestilloperatedlikeconventionalones,takingadirectrouteatasetspeed.Toexplorewhatcouldbeachievedifroutesandspeedswerevariedtooptimize(使最优化)thewindboost,ThorbenSchwedtattheGermanAerospaceCenterandhiscolleaguessetouttoinvestigate.Theteamalsoassumedthatshipscouldgenerateandstorehydrogen(氢).Whenwindsareverystrong,someoftheenergyisusedtogeneratehydrogenviaelectricity-generatingturbinesunderneathaship.Thishydrogencanthenpowerengineswhenthewindsarelow.TheresearcherstookdataonhistoricalweatherintheAtlanticOceanoveroneyearandusedacomputermodeltoworkoutoptimalroutes.“Theshipsgocompletelywildroutes,”saysSchwedt.Onaverage,theenergyconsumptionofshipstakingtheoptimalrouteswouldbe75percentlowerthanthosetakingdirectroutes.“Sometimestakingreallybigdetoursthatyoucouldn’tthinkwouldworkout,”saysSchwedt.“Withthisapproach,wemanagedtogetenergysavingsfrom50to100percent.”However,TristanSmithatUniversityCollegeLondonpointsoutthatsuchhighenergysavingisonlytheoreticallypossible.“Thisverymuchdependsonwhataveragevoyagespeedyouaretargeting,whichissetbytheeconomicsofaship’soperation,”saysSmith.“Inourexperience,thesavingsaresignificantlylowerformostships.”12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exploiting”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Runningoutof. B．Makinglightof. C．Keepingtrackof. D．Takingadvantageof.13．Whydidsomeshipsfollowcompletelywildroutesaccordingtothestudy?A．Toshortenthesailingdistance. B．Toincreasehydrogenproduction.C．Toachievegreaterenergysavings. D．Toavoidsevereweatherconditions.14．WhatdoTristanSmith’swordsimply?A．Real-worldsavingeffectscanbequitelimited.B．Theoreticalsavingsmatchpracticaloperations.C．Windcargoshipsareeconomicallyimpossible.D．Shippingefficiencyreliesheavilyontargetspeed.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CargoShipsShouldDependonWindEnergy B．HistoricalWeatherCouldGuideModernShipsC．WindPowerCouldMakeCargoShippingGreen D．TopCompaniesShouldLeadtheWindIndustryThephrase“grassrootscrew”originallyreferredtotemporary(临时的)performancegroupsthattraveledfromplacetoplacewithlimitedresources.16Onsocialmedia,peopleoftenuseittodescribeorganizations,teams,orprojectsthatappearhighlyprofessionalonthesurfacebutareactuallyoperatedbyordinarypeoplewhoarelearning,improvising(临时拼凑),andsolvingproblemsastheygo.Manypeopleimaginethatsuccessfulcompanies,institutions,orindustriesarerunbyperfectexperts.Realityisoftendifferent.Studiessuggestthatdecision-makingisfrequentlyshapedbylimitedinformation,timepressure,andhumanuncertainty.17Whatoftenseparatessuccessfulteamsfromunsuccessfulonesisnotperfection,buttheabilitytoadaptquicklywhenthingsgowrong.18Newemployeesoftenassumethatmanagershavealltheanswers.Afterafewyears,manydiscoverthatmanagersarealsofiguringthingsoutinrealtime.Theyattendmeetings,discussoptions,andsometimeschangeplansrepeatedly.Behindmanyseeminglyperfectsystemsarepeopletryingtheirbesttohandlechallengestheyhaveneverfacedbefore.Interestingly,recognizingtheexistenceof“grassrootscrews”canreduceunnecessaryanxiety.Manyyoungpeoplefeelstressedbecausetheycomparethemselveswithidealizedimagesofsuccess.Yetwhentheyrealizethatevenlargeorganizationscontainuncertaintyandimperfection,theybecomelessafraidofmakingmistakes.19Ofcourse,callingsomethinga“grassrootscrew”doesnotmeanprofessionalismisunimportant.Highstandards,responsibility,andcontinuouslearningstillmatter.20Researchonskilldevelopmenthasrepeatedlyshownthatexpertisegrowsthroughpractice,feedback,andrepeatedimprovementratherthaninstantmastery.Perhapsthemostvaluablelessonisthis:theworldmovesforwardnotbecauseeveryoneisexceptional,butbecauseordinarypeoplekeepshowingup,learning,andimproving.A．Evenexperiencedprofessionalsmakemistakes.B．Asaresult,theymakeeveryefforttoavoidmistakes.C．Thisideabecomesobviouswhenweentertheworkplace.D．Today,however,thetermhastakenonabroadermeaning.E．Thelessonissimplythatexcellenceisusuallybuiltgradually.F．Itusuallytakesemployeesyearstobecomeprofessionalmanagers.G．Growthoftencomesfromactionratherthanwaitingforperfection.二、完形填空AnextraordinaryactofbraveryrecentlyunfoldedinTennessee,wherealocalpoliceofficerwashighlypraisedforhisquickthinkingandcourage.Whileon21,OfficerRogersbecamethefirsttoarriveataresidentialbuildingthathadsuddenlycaughtfire.Thescenewasoutofcontrol,withthicksmokerisingand22neighborsshoutingthatafamilywasstilltrappedinside.Realizingthateverysecondcounted,Rogersdidnot23.Despitethegrowingflames(火焰)visibleneartheentrance,he24directlyintotheburningbuilding.Inside,the25smokemadeitnearlyimpossibletosee,butRogers26tolocateadesperatemother,Rachel,andhertwoyoungchildren.Withoutasecondthought,he27thefour-year-oldgirlandcarriedherouttosafety,whilethemother28closelybehind,guidingheroldersonthroughthedanger.29ontheterrifyingmomentslater,Racheladmittedshewaswonderinghowshecouldpossibly30bothchildrenalonewhenRogerssuddenlyappearedlikea(n)31.Evenafter32thefamily,theofficer’sdutywasnotover.Hisbodycamerafootage(执法记录仪)latershowedthatheevenattemptedtocontrolthefireusingasimplefireextinguisheruntilfirefightersarrived.33,noinjurieswerereported.Inastatement,thepolicedepartmentacknowledgedthatalthoughofficersarenot34trainedtofightfires,Rogers’selflessactionsperfectlyillustratedtheirsacredoath(誓言)toprotectthecommunity.Thismovingstoryservesasapowerful35ofthecommitmentdisplayedbyordinaryheroesdaily.21．A．business B．vacation C．duty D．board22．A．annoyed B．terrified C．puzzled D．disappointed23．A．hesitate B．faint C．retire D．escape24．A．slid B．marched C．crashed D．rushed25．A．biting B．blinding C．freezing D．striking26．A．tended B．chose C．claimed D．managed27．A．pickedup B．backedup C．cheeredup D．gaveup28．A．fell B．wandered C．followed D．crowded29．A．Determining B．Reflecting C．Acting D．Leaning30．A．rescue B．comfort C．control D．monitor31．A．officer B．hero C．regular D．witness32．A．identifying B．appointing C．pleasing D．securing33．A．Fortunately B．Admittedly C．Shockingly D．Normally34．A．flexibly B．secretly C．professionally D．occasionally35．A．promise B．source C．reminder D．argument三、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AccordingtoChina’sMannedSpaceEngineeringOffice,theLongMarch-2FY23carrierrocketcarryingtheShenzhou-23mannedspaceshipliftedoffattheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterat23:08onMay24,2026.About10minuteslater,thespaceship36(successful)separatedfromtherocketandenteredthedesignatedorbit.Allthreeastronautsonboardwerereportedtobe37goodcondition.Thecrew(全体机组人员)willperformautonomousdocking(自动对接)withtheTiangongspacestation,38iscurrentlyinorbit.After39(complete)thedocking,theywillconductanon-orbitrotation(轮换)with40Shenzhou-22crew.ThismeansthenewteamwilltakeovertheworkwhilethepreviousteampreparestoreturntoEarth.Duringtheirsix-monthmission,theastronautswillcarryoutaseriesofimportanttasks.Theseincludemorethan2041(science)experimentsinfieldssuchasspacemedicineandmaterialscience.Theywillalsoperformtwotothreespacewalks42(set)newequipmentupandcheckthestation’sexterior.Inaddition,routinemaintenanceofthestation’slifesupportsystem,43(require)toensureeverythingworksproperly,willbecarriedout.Thismissionmarksthe7thmannedflightinthe44(apply)stageofChina’sspacestationandthe40thlaunchofthecountry’smannedspaceproject.Uptonow,atotalof30Chineseastronauts45(travel)tospace,includingthethreecrewmembersofShenzhou-23.四、书信写作46．假定你是李华，近期你注意到班里同学在校园消费中存在一些不良消费现象。请你给校英文报专栏“TeenagerLife”投稿，呼吁同学们树立健康理性的消费观。内容包括：（1）不良消费现象；（2）如何培养正确消费观。注意：（1）词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。SayNotoImproperSpending_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、书面表达47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ClaraspentherchildhoodinMapleValley,aremotevillagefamousforitshandmadewoven(编织)baskets.Thevillagewassurroundedbyendlessbambooforests,andalmosteveryhouseholdknewtheancientcraft.Sheoftenplayedinthebambooforestsandranaroundthevillagehappily.Asalittlegirl,Claralovedwatchinghergrandfathermakebeautiful,strongbasketsoutofroughbamboopieces.Toher,itwasmagic.However,astimewenton,themagicseemedtofade.Plasticbagsandmass-producedboxestookoverthemarket.Onebyone,theyoungweaverspackedtheirbagsandheadedforbigcities,leavingonlytheelderlybehind.Thevillagegrewquieter,andthebeautifulcraftwasabouttodisappear.Clara,too,leftforcollegeandeventuallyfoundajobasawebdesignerinabusycity.Shehadacomfortablelife,butapartofherheartalwaysremainedinthebambooforests.Duringaholiday,ClarareturnedtoMapleValley.Walkingdownthefamiliarstreet,herheartsank.Thevillagewassosilent,andshecouldhardlyseeanyyoungpeople.Hergrandfather’sworkshop,oncefilledwithlaughterandtheclearsoundofcuttingbamboo,wasnowcoveredindust.Hergrandfathersatonachair,hishandsholdingahalf-finishedbasket,lookingblanklyoutthewindow.“Noonewantsthemanymore,Clara,”hesighedsoftly,hisvoiceheavywithhelplessness.“Thiscraftwilldiewithus.”Claralookedatthebeautifulbutunsoldbasketsstacked(堆积)inthecorner,andthenathergrandfather’sdisappointedeyes.Suddenly,shemadeuphermind.Sherealizedshecouldn’tjuststandbyandwatch.Shehadthedesignskillsandunderstoodmoderntastes;theyhadtheamazingcraft.Allthatwasneededwasawaytoconnectthemtotheoutsideworld.注意：(1)词数应为150个左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Aweeklater,Claraquitherjobandsetupastudiointhevillage._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________AsClara’screativeproductsgainedpopularityonline,significantchangesbegantohappeninMapleValley._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案一、阅读理解【答案】1．B2．A3．B【分析】本文是2026年丰收与遗产节活动的宣传介绍，介绍了感恩节的历史起源、活动包含的经典传统项目、不同活动的票价与优惠政策，吸引公众参与活动。【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“ThisannualeventlooksbackatearlyAmericanhistoryandcelebratescenturies-oldtraditions.(这个年度活动回顾美国早期历史，庆祝传承数百年的传统)”可知，该活动的主要目的是回顾历史、庆祝感恩节传统。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thefestivaldatesbacktotheautumnof1621whenearlyEuropeansettlersheldathree-dayharvestcelebration.(该节日可以追溯到1621年秋天，当时早期欧洲定居者举办了为期三天的丰收庆祝活动)”可知，三天丰收庆祝活动起源于1621年；根据第三段TheTurkeyFeast部分中“Eatingturkeyandpumpkinpieremainsthemostfamouscustom,whichbecamepopularacrossthecountryinthelate1800s.(吃火鸡和南瓜饼是最负盛名的习俗，在19世纪后期在全美流行开来)”可知，家庭火鸡晚餐全国流行始于19世纪后期；根据第四段TheBigParade部分中“Interestingly,thisfamouscustomactuallystartedinNewYorkin1924,notintheearlycolonialdays!(有趣的是，这个著名习俗实际上1924年才起源于纽约，并非起源于早期殖民时代)”可知，巨型气球游行起源于1924年；根据第五段TheCornucopiaLegend部分中“Earlysettlersusedahorn-shaped(角形的)basketfilledwithfruitstoshowtheirwealth.(早期定居者用装满水果的角形篮子来展示财富)”可知，角形篮装饰起源于早期定居者时期，早于1621年。对比四个时间可知，巨型气球游行的历史最短。3．细节理解题。根据Lecture&WorkshopTickets部分中“HistoryTalk:$15(Saturdayafternoon—HearhistoriansshareoldstoriesofearlyAmerica)(历史讲座：15美元(周六下午——聆听历史学家分享美国早期的古老故事))”以及“SpecialOffer:Teenagers(aged13-18)receivea$5discountonanyticket.Childrenunder13canenteralleventsforfree.(特别优惠：13-18岁青少年购买任意门票可享受5美元折扣，13岁以下儿童可免费参加所有活动)”可知，一张历史讲座票原价15美元，一个青少年可享受5美元折扣即仅需10美元，他的父母需要购买两张原价票，总费用为10+15×2=40美元。【答案】4．A5．C6．A7．D【分析】主要讲述美国人德里克因追寻诗句来到扬州，爱上中国茶文化并创业推广中国茶的励志故事。【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Tosharehispassion,helaunchedasideprojectin2018,whichlaterbecameaglobalteabusiness.(为了分享自己的热爱，他在2018年开启了一个副业项目，该项目后来发展成一家全球性茶叶企业。)”可知，他创办茶叶企业的初衷是向他人分享、推广中国茶。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ratherthanworkingthroughmiddlemen,Poskinchosetogodirectlytowheretheleavesgrew.(波斯金没有通过中间商合作，而是选择直接前往茶叶产地。)”可知，他通过实地走访茶叶原产地的方式采购茶叶。6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“HerealizedthatChineseteacultureisnotfixedandvariesbyregion:whilepeopleinYangzhoumightdrinkgreenteastraightfromaglassjar,thoseinChaozhoupreferelegantteasets.(他意识到中国茶文化并非一成不变，且因地而异：扬州人或许直接用玻璃罐冲泡绿茶饮用，而潮州人则偏爱雅致茶具。)”可知，中国茶文化的一大主要特点是具有地域差异性。7．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Lookingahead,heplanstoturnhisbusinessintoasocialenterprise(企业)tofinancelocalteafarmers.(展望未来，他计划将自己的企业转型为社会企业，为当地茶农提供资金支持。)”可知，他未来的目标是资助茶叶种植产区的农户。【答案】8．D9．C10．B11．B【分析】本文介绍了一项最新研究，证实每周参与艺术文化活动可有效减缓生物衰老，效果接近甚至优于每周运动，为艺术促进健康提供了科学依据，也为未来临床健康干预提供了新思路。【详解】8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Severalyearsago,somedoctorsinCanadabegan“prescribing”(开处方)arttotheirpatients,offeringthemfreeaccesstolocalmuseums.(几年前，加拿大的一些医生开始为病人“开艺术处方”，让他们可以免费进入当地博物馆)”和第二段“AnewstudyfromtheUKnowsuggeststhisisfarfromanoddidea.ResearchersatUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)foundthatjoininginartsorculturalactivitiesonceaweekcouldslowbiologicalagingalmostasmuchasexercisingonceaweek.(英国如今的一项新研究表明，这绝不是一个离谱的想法。伦敦大学学院的研究人员发现，每周参加一次艺术或文化活动减缓生物衰老的效果几乎和每周一次运动一样)”可知，前两段先引出医生给病人开艺术处方的旧尝试，进而介绍新的研究结论，目的是引出本次研究的背景，引出全文主题。9．细节理解题。根据第三段“measuringtheirbiologicalageusingepigenetic(表观遗传)clocks(使用表观遗传时钟测量了他们的生物年龄)”和“Theseclocksestimate(预测)howfastapersonisagingbasedonlifestyleandgeneactivity,ratherthansimplycountingbirthdays.(这些时钟根据生活方式和基因活动来预测一个人的衰老速度，而不是简单地计算生日)”可知，表观遗传时钟可以指示一个人生物衰老的速度。10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Interestingly,thegreaterthediversityofactivities,thebettertheresults.(有趣的是，活动的多样性越大，效果越好)”可知，参与艺术活动时，多样性会带来更大的益处。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Afterall,whetherenjoyingnaturallandscapesorhuman-mademasterpieces,bothexperiencesseemtoprovidethesame“ingredients”forbetterhealthandhappiness.(毕竟，无论是欣赏自然景观还是人造杰作，这两种体验似乎都能为更健康、更幸福提供相同的“要素”)”可推知，艺术和自然对健康有着共通的益处。【答案】12．D13．C14．A15．C【分析】本文介绍了随着航运公司越来越对利用风能降低成本感兴趣，一项研究发现，风力助力货轮通过优化路线和航速最大化利用风能，可大幅降低能耗，但业内专家指出该高节能效果目前仅存在于理论层面，实际应用中的节能效果会大打折扣。【详解】12．词句猜测题。根据第一段“However,ifwind-assistedcargo(货物)shipschoseroutesbasedentirelyonwherethewindsarebetter,theirfuelusecouldbesignificantlyreducedorevencompletelyeliminated.(然而，如果风力助力货船完全根据风力更优的区域选择航线，它们的燃料消耗就能大幅降低，甚至可以完全省去燃料)”以及第二段“Thereisgrowinginterestamongshippingcompaniesinexploitingwindpowertocutcosts.(航运公司对exploiting风能来降低成本的兴趣越来越浓厚)”可知，风力助力航行可以降低燃料消耗、减少成本，因此航运公司想要利用风能实现降本，“exploiting”意思是“利用”，和Takingadvantageof(利用)含义一致。13．推理判断题。根据第四段““Theshipsgocompletelywildroutes,”saysSchwedt.Onaverage,theenergyconsumptionofshipstakingtheoptimalrouteswouldbe75percentlowerthanthosetakingdirectroutes...“Withthisapproach,wemanagedtogetenergysavingsfrom50to100percent.”(“船舶会走完全非常规的路线。”Schwedt说。走最优路线的船，平均能耗比走直线路线的船低75%……“通过这种方法，我们成功实现了50%到100%的节能”)”可知，船舶走非常规路线是为了最大化利用风能，实现更高程度的节能。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,TristanSmithatUniversityCollegeLondonpointsoutthatsuchhighenergysavingisonlytheoreticallypossible.“Thisverymuchdependsonwhataveragevoyagespeedyouaretargeting,whichissetbytheeconomicsofaship’soperation,”saysSmith.“Inourexperience,thesavingsaresignificantlylowerformostships.”(然而，伦敦大学学院的TristanSmith指出，这么高的节能仅在理论上可行。Smith说：“这很大程度上取决于你目标的平均航行速度，而航行速度是由船舶运营的经济效益决定的。根据我们的经验，对大多数船舶来说，实际节能幅度要低得多”)”可知，TristanSmith的话暗示现实世界中的实际节能效果是十分有限的。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，首段“However,ifwind-assistedcargo(货物)shipschoseroutesbasedentirelyonwherethewindsarebetter,theirfuelusecouldbesignificantlyreducedorevencompletelyeliminated.(然而，如果风力助力货船完全根据风力更优的区域选择航线，它们的燃料消耗就能大幅降低，甚至可以完全省去燃料)”引出利用风能可以大幅降低燃料消耗，进而介绍了一项研究证明优化路线后能实现高效节能，最后专家指出理论的高节能在实际中很难实现。本文围绕风力助力货轮航运展开，核心内容是风能可以减少货轮航运的碳排放，让航运更环保。因此“WindPowerCouldMakeCargoShippingGreen(风能可以让货轮航运更环保)”最适合作为标题。【答案】16．D17．A18．C19．G20．E【分析】本文梳理了“草根团队(grassrootscrew)”一词的含义演变，揭示了现实中多数组织与团队都是边行动边调整的普通人集合，而非由完美专家运营，帮助读者正确认识不确定性和不完美的普遍性，放下对完美的执念，在持续行动与改进中成长。【详解】16．上文“Thephrase“grassrootscrew”originallyreferredtotemporary(临时的)performancegroupsthattraveledfromplacetoplacewithlimitedresources.(短语“草根团队”最初指资源有限、四处流动的临时演出团体)”介绍该短语的原始含义，下文“Onsocialmedia,peopleoftenuseittodescribeorganizations,teams,orprojectsthatappearhighlyprofessionalonthesurfacebutareactuallyoperatedbyordinarypeoplewhoarelearning,improvising(临时拼凑),andsolvingproblemsastheygo.(在社交媒体上，人们常用这个词来形容那些表面看起来高度专业，实际上却由普通人运营的组织、团队或项目，这些普通人一边学习、一边临时拼凑、一边解决问题)”介绍它现在网络语境下的全新含义，前后语义发生转折，空处应指出含义范围拓展，D选项“Today,however,thetermhastakenonabroadermeaning.(然而如今，这个词已经有了更广泛的含义)”符合此处逻辑。17．上文“Studiessuggestthatdecision-makingisfrequentlyshapedbylimitedinformation,timepressure,andhumanuncertainty.(研究表明，决策通常受到有限信息、时间压力和人为不确定性的影响)”说明决策本身就存在诸多不确定性，下文“Whatoftenseparatessuccessfulteamsfromunsuccessfulones