被动语态（初高考点差异及衔接） （原题版）

被动语态【初中被动语态考点聚焦】时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneTheclassroomiscleanedeveryday.一般过去时was/were+doneThekitewasmadebyhim.一般将来时will/shallbe+done或者am/is/are+goingtobe+doneTreeswillbeplantedtomorrow.含有情态动词情态动词+be+doneAnythingherecan’tbetouched.1．Nowadays,theideasofworkingwithAI________bymorepeopleinallwalksoflife.A．accept B．accepted C．areaccepted D．wereaccepted2．Thatbeautifulphoto________bymydadduringourtriptoBeijinglastyear.A．take B．took C．wastaken D．istaken3．Thespaceexhibition________bytheschool’sSpaceClubnextmonth.A．isorganized B．wasorganized C．willbeorganized D．organized4．Althoughbothsideshavemadealotofeffort,thedifferencesaretoogreatandnoagreement________sofar.A．wasreached B．isreached C．willbereached D．hasbeenreached5．Whoeversmokesinthegasstationmust________.It’stoodangerous.A．punish B．punished C．bepunishing D．bepunished6．Nowadays,manyrobots________tohelplookafterpatientsinthehospital.A．use B．used C．areused D．wereused7．Thesportsheroofourschool________byallthestudentslastFriday.A．iswelcomed B．welcomes C．waswelcomed D．willwelcome8．Itissaidthatthefamoussinger________toourcitynextweek.A．willinvite B．willbeinvited C．invited D．wasinvited9．WhenIgottotheshop,thefreshvegetables________.A．besoldout B．soldout C．hadbeensoldout D．sellout10．—Whatamess!Thesharedbikesshouldn’t________everywhere.—Let’sputthemintherightplace.A．arethrown B．werethrown C．threw D．bethrown【高中被动语态考点聚焦】课标解读语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态——主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者；在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。主动语态变为被动语态时，谓语部分要做相应的变化。考点清单典型例句：主动句1.TheslavesbuilttheGreatPyramidslongtimeago.奴隶们在很久以前修建了大金字塔。主语谓语宾语状语典型例句：被动句2.TheGreatPyramidswerebuilt(bytheslaves)longtimeago.主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变）大金字塔在很久以前被（奴隶们）修建。1.主动语态转换为被动语态如果想熟练地将主动句转换为被动句，首先必须了解主动句的结构，清楚句子的成分，然后遵循下列步骤进行转换。①原主动语态中的宾语→转换为被动语态的主语②原主动语态中的动词→改为被动形式，即“be+过去分词”说明：第一步容易出错，要特别注意。这时be动词的人称和数要随着新的主语（原主动句中的宾语）而变。在第二步中，be动词的时态要与原来主动句的时态保持一致。be动词后面的过去分词就是原来主动句中的动词的过去分词。③原主动语态中的主语→如果需要，就放在by后面原主动语态中的主语，如有需要，就放在by后面，以宾格形式出现以指明动作的执行者（因为by是介词，后需跟宾格作宾语）。如没有必要，可省略。④原主动语态中的其他成分，如定语、状语→保持不变主动句：ThomasEdisoninventedthelightbulbin1879.主语谓语宾语状语托马斯·爱迪生在1879年发明了电灯泡。被动句：Thelightbulbwasinvented(byThomasEdison)in1879.主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变）电灯泡由托马斯·爱迪生发明于1879年。①原主动句中的宾语thelightbulb变为被动句中的主语。②谓语动词的时态不变，均为一般过去时，它的形式由invented变为wasinvented。③原主动句中的主语，即动作invented的执行者ThomasEdison，在被动句中可以由介词by引出，也可以省略。④状语in1879的位置不变。主动句：Mr.Wangdeliveredthisspeech.王先生做了演讲。主语谓语宾语被动句：ThisspeechwasdeliveredbyMr.Wang.这个演讲是王先生做的。主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）主动句：TheancientGreeksheldthefirstOlympicGames2790yearsago.主语谓语宾语状语古希腊人于2790年前举办了第一届奥运会。被动句：ThefirstOlympicGameswereheld(bytheancientGreeks)2790yearsago.主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变）第一届奥运会（由古希腊人）举办于2790年前。2.被动语态的形式1.被动语态的一般形式被动语态的一般形式是“助动词be+过去分词”。人称、数、时态的变化，大都体现在第一个助动词上。主动语态与被动语态的时态比较见下表。时态语态主动语态被动语态一般现在时动词原形或动词第三人称单数am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时动词过去式was/were+过去分词一般将来时shall/will+动词原形shall/willbe+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/arebeing+过去分词过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/werebeing+过去分词现在完成时has/have+过去分词has/havebeen+过去分词过去完成时had+过去分词hadbeen+过去分词将来完成时shall/willhave+过去分词shall/willhavebeen+过去分词过去将来时should/would+动词原形should/wouldbe+过去分词过去将来完成时should/wouldhave+过去分词should/wouldhavebeen+过去分词将来进行时shall/willbe+现在分词—各种完成进行时has/havebeen+现在分词hadbeen+现在分词shall/willhavebeen+现在分词—一.一般现在时的被动语态一般时态被动句中的be动词变化，应按被动句中新主语的人称和数变化。被动句的时态应与主动句的时态保持一致。主动句：Helentidiesupherroomeveryday.海伦每天整理她的房间。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：（肯定句）Helen’sroomistidiedup(byHelen)everyday.海伦的房间每天被（她自己）整理。主语谓语by+执行者状语（否定句）Helen’sroomisn’ttidiedupeveryday.（疑问句）A:IsHelen’sroomtidiedupeveryday?B:Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.二.一般过去时的被动语态主动句：TheworkersmadetheprinterIboughtyesterdaylastmonth.主语谓语宾语定语状语我昨天买的那台打印机是工人们上个月生产的。被动句：（肯定句）TheprinterIboughtyesterdaywasmade(bytheworkers)lastmonth.主语定语谓语by+执行者状语我昨天买的那台打印机是（由工人们）上个月生产的。（否定句）TheprinterIboughtyesterdaywasn’tmadelastmonth.（疑问句）A:WastheprinterIboughtyesterdaymadelastmonth?B:Yes,itwas./No,itwasn’t.说明：比较一下主动句和被动句，被动句的表现形式更好一些。三.一般将来时的被动语态主动句：Arepairmanwillrepairhiscartomorrowmorning.主语谓语宾语状语一个修理工明天上午将会来修理他的汽车。比较：will+do用于表示“将做，会做”。begoingto+do用于表示“（将来）准备做，打算做”。被动句：（肯定句）Hiscarwillberepaired(byarepairman)tomorrowmorning.主语谓语by+执行者状语他的汽车明天上午将会被（一个修理工）修理。（否定句）Hiscarwillnot/won’tberepairedtomorrowmorning.（疑问句）A:Willhiscarberepairedtomorrowmorning?B:Yes,itwill./No,itwon’t.主动句：TheyaregoingtovisittheChinaMillenniumMonument.他们打算参观中华世纪坛。主语谓语宾语被动句：（肯定句）TheChinaMillenniumMonumentisgoingtobevisited(bythem).中华世纪坛将被（他们）参观。重要：be动词的人称和数要随着新主语的变化而变化。（否定句）TheChinaMillenniumMonumentisn’tgoingtobevisited(bythem).（疑问句）A:IstheChinaMillenniumMonumentgoingtobevisited(bythem)?B:Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.四.现在进行时的被动语态（高中重点）进行时的被动语态的谓语部分与一般时的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为“be+being+过去分词（将主动语态中的现在分词改为过去分词）”。be动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保持一致，采用现在进行时。主动句：TheteacheristellingSnowWhitenow.老师正在讲《白雪公主》。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：（肯定句）SnowWhiteisbeingtold(bytheteacher)now.《白雪公主》正被（老师）讲。主语谓语by+执行者状语（否定句）SnowWhiteisn’tbeingtoldnow.（疑问句）A:IsSnowWhitebeingtoldnow?B:Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.五.过去进行时的被动语态（高中重点）主动句：TheteacherwastellingSnowWhitewhenIgotthere.主语谓语宾语状语当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。被动句：（肯定句）SnowWhitewasbeingtold(bytheteacher)whenIgotthere.主语谓语by+执行者状语当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被（老师）讲。（否定句）SnowWhitewasn’tbeingtoldwhenIgotthere.（疑问句）A:WasSnowWhitebeingtoldwhenIgotthere?B:Yes,itwas./No,itwasn’t.六.现在完成时的被动语态完成时的被动语态与一般时的被动语态原则大致相同，只有谓语部分不同。谓语是由“have/has+been+过去分词（即原主动句中的过去分词）”所组成。have，has的采用则视被动句中新主语的人称、数而定。主动句：Anunknownvirushasjustattackedmycomputer.主语谓语状语宾语一种不知名的病毒刚刚侵袭了我的计算机。被动句：（肯定句）Mycomputerhasjustbeenattacked(byanunknownvirus).主语谓语状语by+执行者我的计算机刚刚被（一种不知名的病毒）侵袭了。（否定句）Mycomputerhasn’tjustbeenattacked.（疑问句）A:Hasyourcomputerjustbeenattacked?B:Yes,ithas./No,ithasn’t.七.过去完成时的被动语态主动句：Theyhadbuiltfifteenbridgesby2007.截至2007年，他们已经建成了15座大桥。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：（肯定句）Fifteenbridgeshadbeenbuilt(bythem)by2007.主语谓语by+执行者状语说明：bythem和by2007意思不同，by2007是时间状语，不可以省略。截至2007年，15座大桥已经（被他们）建立起来了。（否定句）Fifteenbridgeshadn’tbeenbuiltby2007.（疑问句）A:Hadfifteenbridgesbeenbuiltby2007?B:Yes,theyhad./No,theyhadn’t.八.过去将来时的被动语态主动句：Mothersaidshewouldpunishthenaughtyboythisevening.主语谓语宾语状语母亲说她今晚将惩罚那个淘气的男孩。说明：本句是将宾语从句shewouldpunishthenaughtyboythisevening变为被动语态。被动句：（肯定句）Mothersaidthenaughtyboywouldbepunishedthisevening(byher).主语谓语宾语by+执行者母亲说那个淘气的男孩今晚将被（她）惩罚。（否定句）Mothersaidthenaughtyboywouldn’tbepunishedthisevening.九.将来完成时的被动语态（高中重点）主动句：Weshall/willhavemadetenthousandDVDsbytheendofthismonth.主语谓语宾语状语截至这个月底，我们将生产出一万台DVD。被动句：（肯定句）TenthousandDVDswillhavebeenmade(byus)bytheendofthismonth.主语谓语by+执行者状语截至这个月底，一万台DVD将被（我们）生产出来。（否定句）TenthousandDVDswon’thavebeenmadebytheendofthismonth.（疑问句）A:WilltenthousandDVDshavebeenmadebytheendofthismonth?B:Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.十.过去将来完成时的被动语态主动句：Hesaidhewouldhavelearnedmanywordsby2012.主语谓语宾语状语他说到2012年时他将要学会许多单词。被动句：Hesaidmanywordswouldhavebeenlearned(byhim)by2012.主语谓语状语他说到2012年时，许多单词将被（他）学会。十一.不可用被动语态的时态完成进行时态和将来进行时态一般都没有被动语态，如果要用这两种时态表达被动语态的意思，则可以用完成时态或一般时态。1.完成进行时变为被动语态时，要用完成时表示主动句：现在完成进行时Thebuildershavebeenbuildingthisskyscraperfortwomonths.主语谓语宾格状语建筑工人修建这幢摩天大楼已两个月了。被动句：现在完成时Thisskyscraperhasbeenbuiltfortwomonths.这幢摩天大楼一直修建有两个月了。主语谓语状语注意：由于be，being和been三个词中的任何两个词都不可以用在一起，因此将来进行时（shall/willbedoing）和各种完成进行时（have/has/hadbeendoing，shall/willhavebeendoing）的被动语态几乎是不能用的。主动句：将来完成进行时WewillhavebeenusingthisbookforthreeyearsbynextJune.主语谓语宾语状语到明年6月，我们用这本书已经3年了。被动句：将来完成时ThebookwillhavebeenusedforthreeyearsbynextJune.主语谓语状语到明年6月，这本书就用了3年了。2.将来进行时变为被动语态时，要用一般将来时表示主动句：将来进行时YouwillbedoingtheexperimenthereatthistimenextMonday.主语谓语宾语状语下周一的这个时候，你将正在这儿做实验。被动句：一般将来时TheexperimentwillbedonehereatthistimenextMonday.主语谓语状语这个实验下周一的这个时候将在这儿做。十二.情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。其被动语态句型如下：肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词……否定句：主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词……疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词……？主动句：Wecandesignobjectsin3Donthecomputerveryeasily.我们可以非常方便地在电脑上设计三维物体。被动句：（肯定句）Objectsin3Dcanbedesignedonthecomputerveryeasily.（否定句）Objectsin3Dcan’tbedesignedonthecomputerveryeasily.（疑问句）A:Canobjectsin3Dbedesignedonthecomputerveryeasily?B:Yes,theycan./No,theycan’t.主动句：Youmusthandinyourhomeworkthisafternoon.今天下午你必须交作业。被动句：（肯定句）Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinthisafternoon.（否定句）Yourhomeworkneedn’tbehandedinthisafternoon.（疑问句）A:Mustmyhomeworkbehandedinthisafternoon?B:Yes,itmust./No,itneedn’t.主动句：Ihavetodothejobmyself.我不得不自己做这份工作。被动句：（肯定句）Thejobhastobedonebymyself.（否定句）Thejobhasn’ttobedonebymyself.（疑问句）A:Hasthejobtobedonebymyself?B:Yes,ithasto./No,ithasn’tto.注意：对这句话的回答不能写为：（误）B:Yes,ithas.（误）B:No,ithasn’t.主动句：Allofusoughttoobeytherule.我们所有的人都应该遵守这项制度。被动句：（肯定句）Theruleoughttobeobeyed(byallofus).（否定句）Theruleoughtnottobeobeyed(byallofus).（疑问句）A:Oughttheruletobeobeyed(byallofus)?B:Yes,itoughtto./No,itoughtn’tto.一、单句语法填空1．Greatprogress(make)inruralareassincethestrategywasputforward.（所给词的适当形式填空）2．Thenewevidencemust(admit)beforethefinaljudgmentismade.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．Theseedsthatinspringbythefarmersusuallybringinagoodharvestinautumn.(sow)(所给词的适当形式填空)4．Tomwas(admit)intoPekingUniversity.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．Thisproblem(solve)already,sowedon’tneedtodiscussitagain.(所给词的适当形式填空)6．Thoughhe(punish)forbeinglateyesterday,hewaslateforschoolagainthismorning.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．TuYouyou(award)aNobelPrizeforherdiscoveryofartemisinin.8．Manyoldbuildings(repair)nowtoprotectthelocalculture.(所给词的适当形式填空)9．Ashighschoolstudents,we(expect)toobeyschoolrulesandrespectourteachers.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．Thenewcomedy(put)onduringtheartfestivalnextmonth.(所给词的适当形式填空)11．Thenewfoodfestival(promote)throughsocialmediafromtomorrow.(所给词的适当形式填空)12．Theroom(clean)bymysisteratthemoment.(所给词的适当形式填空)13．Theproblem(discuss)atthemeetingrightnow.(所给词的适当形式填空)14．Themanagersaidtheproject(complete)bytheendofthemonth.(所给词的适当形式填空)15．Allthemoneywegotfromthisactivitywouldbe(donate)tocharity.(所给词的适当形式填空)16．Thecustomersuggestedthatthepackage(deliver)beforenoon.(所给词的适当形式填空)17．Theincrediblebackflipmust(practice)thousandsoftimes.(所给词的适当形式填空)18．Thedoctor,togetherwithhiscolleagues,(appoint)toleadthemedicalteamnextmonth.(所给词的适当形式填空)19．He(equip)withrichexperienceandacalmmind,whichhelpedhimovercomevariousdifficulties.(所给词的适当形式填空)20．Allatonce,thesky(cover)withdarkcloudsandwewereinaterriblestorm.(所给词的适当形式填空)二、完成句子21．到目前为止，我们城市许多老房子已被修缮。Manyoldhouses________________________inourcitysofar.22．火灾被认为是从楼上的一个房间里开始燃起的。(bethoughttohavedonesth.)Thefire_____________inanupstairsroom.23．这个团队由五名成员组成。Theteamis__________________________offivemembers.24．她的时间全被她的三个孩子占用了。Hertime____________________herthreechildren.25．近年来，社交媒体对青少年的影响引起了广泛关注。Inrecentyears,________________abouttheimpactofsocialmediaonteenagers26．电影结束时，每个人都已感动得热泪盈眶。Bytheendofthefilm,everyone________________totears.27．这部兼具思想性与影响力的著作，被公认为环保领域的一座重要里程碑。(regard)Thisinsightfulandinfluentialbook________________inthefieldofenvironmentalprotection.28．现在机器人被广泛应用于工厂的许多重复性任务中，这大大减轻了工人的工作负担。Robots________manyrepetitivetasksinfactoriesnow,________hasgreatlyreducedworkers’workload.29．这座历史建筑已矗立了三百余年，至今仍保存完好。Thehistoricalbuildinghasstoodforover300yearsand________.30．我学到的是成长的真正意义，从那时起我被激励要更加努力学习。(inspire)IlearnedthetruemeaningofgrowingupandfromthenonI________________.三、语篇填空（被动语态专练）“Greatthingstaketime,”myteachertoldmewhenIwasrefused.“Ifyoukeeptrying,you1(praise)foryourhardworksoonerorlater.”AfterIfinishedhighschool,Iplannedtoworkasapart-timejournalist.Myarticles2(submit)tothreelocalnewspapers,butnoneofthemwasaccepted.Ifeltupset,butmyteacherencouragedmenottogiveup.Oneweeklater,ashortstoryIwrote3(choose)byamagazine.Iwassoexcited!Fromthenon,Ikeptwritingeveryday.Moreworks4(publish)oneafteranother.Uptonow,I5(offer)chancestowriteforseveralfamousplatforms.Lastmonth,I6(invite)towriteacolumnforawell-knownnewspaper.NowIoftentellmyfriends:“Ifyousticktoyourdream,you7(support)bythosearoundyou.Everyeffortyoumake8(notice)finally.Evenifyou9(laugh)atnow,don’tloseheart.Success10(achieve)bythosewhoneverstoptrying.”一、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thegiantpanda1(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.Chinesescientists2(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.Shewasavery3(care)mother.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething4(eat)!Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomenear.Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmightattractnatural5(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlecomfortingpanda.Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.6itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats.Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda7morethantwoyears.Bythattime,thepandanolongerneeded8(it)motherforfood.However,itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysoftheforest.Then,aftertwoandahalfyears,themother9(drive)theyoungpandaaway.Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,10itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.二、阅读理解APeoplewithfixedmindsetsbelievethat:●Skill,intelligenceandtalentsarenatural.●Failureisshamefulandshouldbeavoided.●Somepeoplearenaturallygoodatthingswhileothersnot.●Youarenotincontrolofyourabilities.Peoplewithgrowthmindsetsbelievethat:●Youhavethecapacitytolearnandgrowyourskills.●Failureisavaluablelesson.●Peoplewhoaregoodatsomethingaregoodbecausetheybuildthatability.●Youareincontrolofyourabilities.haveadesiretolooksmart,sotendto:—Avoidchallenges.—Giveupeasily.—Seeeffortasfruitlessorworse.—Ignoreusefulnegativefeedback.—Feelthreatenedbythesuccessofothers.haveadesiretolearn,sotendto:—Embracechallenges.—Persistinthefaceofsetbacks.—Seeeffortasthepathtomastery.—Learnfromcriticism.—Findlessonsandinspirationinthesuccessofothers.Asaresult,theymaystayatthesamelevelearlyandachievelessthantheirfullpotential.Asaresult,theyreachever-higherlevelsofachievement.Changecanbetough,butI’veneverheardanyonesayitwasn’tworthit.Didchangingtoagrowthmindsetsolveallmyproblems?No.ButIknowthatIhaveadifferentlifebecauseofit—aricherone.11．Thebook“mindset”isintendedto_________.A．tellreadersthattwodifferentmindsetsleadtodifferentresultsB．illustratethatpeoplewithdifferentmindsetsholddifferentbeliefsC．helpreadersbelievepeopleactdifferentlywhenfacingchallengesD．persuadepeopletolearntochangesoastoenjoyamorefruitfullife12．Generallyspeaking,peoplewithfixedmindsetsaremostly_________.A．successful B．straightforward C．intelligent D．narrow-minded13．Apersonwithagrowthmindsetislikelytosay_________.A．“IfIwin,I’llbesomebody;ifIlose,I’llbenobody.”B．“Tobegoodatsports,youneedtobenaturallygifted.”C．“Learntechniquesandskillsandpracticethemregularly,andyouwillalwaysimprove.”D．“Youhaveacertainlevelofabilityinsportsandyoucannotreallydomuchtochangeit.”BAvideoofaGer