高中英语阅读理解说明文专项训练全国适用（含答案解析）

综合专题01阅读理解说明文(25篇)考向一科技发明类(AI、机器人、太空探索、互联网发展)Passage1(2026届江苏南京市部分学校“零模”考前训练题英语)Youknowexerciseisheartsmartandgoodforyou.Butdoyoureallyknowhowmuchphysicalactivityyou’regetting?Studiesshowthatusingafitnesstracker-adevicethattracksyourmovement—canincreaseyourstepsperdaybymorethanamile.“Fitnesstrackersareagreattoolforhearthealth,”sayscardiologist(心脏病医生)SethMartin.“Beingmoreactiveandchangingyourhabitsisimportantbutdifficult.Trackinglikelyhelpspeoplewhencombinedwithacleargoaltoshootfor.”Havinganobjectivedailyrecordcanopenpeople’seyestohowlittleexercisethey’regetting,Martinsays,whichcanrecalibratetheirmindset(心态)andgetmotivated.Peoplefindwaystoincorporate(融入)moreactivitiesintotheirday,walkingduringmeetings,orsimplytakingthestairsinsteadofanelevator.“Fitnesstrackinggivespeopleinformationandenablesthemtostartmakingchangesforhearthealth,”Martinsays.Tryafewtrackersuntilyoufindonethat’scomfortableforyouandyourbudget.Martinsuggests,“Onceyou’vemadeamatch,youcantrythenextsteps:Usethetrackerconsistentlyeveryday.Setagoalandthenfindactivitiesyouenjoythatalsofitintoyourdailylifeandcanbesustainedoverthelongterm.Finally,encouragefriendsandfamilytousetrackersaswell.Itcancreateasocialsupportnetworkandevenfosterasenseofcompetition.Followthesetips,andyou’llbeonyourwaytoahealthierlifestyleandahealthierheart.”Sobeready,asdoctorslearnandintroduceevenbetterwaystousethesedevices.Inarandomizedclinicaltrial,Martinandhiscolleaguestestedanautomated,real-time,personalizedprogramthatsentcoachingtextmessagestocardiologypatientsbasedondatafromawearabledevicepairedwiththeirphone.Overtheshortterm,thiscoachingsystemhelpedincreasestepcountsbyoveramileadaybeyondtrackingalone.“Ithinktechnologycanbeaverypowerfultooltogetpeoplemovingmore,”saysMartin.1.Accordingtoparagraphs1-2,whatdopeoplefailtodowhenexercising?A.Integratemovementintowork. B.Maintainadailyexerciseschedule.C.Kickimproperhabitsofexercising. D.Monitortheamountofphysicalactivity.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recalibrate”inparagraph3mean?A.Adjust. B.Abandon. C.Strengthen. D.Evaluate.3.WhatdoesMartinsuggestpeopledo?A.Encouragethefamilytoattendcompetitions.B.Takeexerciseundertheguidanceofacoach.C.Purchaseaproperdeviceanduseiteveryday.D.Consultadoctoranddecideonsuitableactivities.4.WhatdoesMartinthinkofthefutureoffitnesstrackers?A.Uncertain. B.Promising. C.Doubtful. D.Sustainable.【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.B【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍使用健身追踪器可以使你每天的步数增加一英里多。1.推理判断题。根据第一段“Youknowexerciseisheartsmartandgoodforyou.Butdoyoureallyknowhowmuchphysicalactivityyou’regetting?Studiesshowthatusingafitnesstracker-adevicethattracksyourmovement—canincreaseyourstepsperdaybymorethanamile.(你知道运动对心脏有益，对你有好处。但是你真的知道你做了多少运动吗?研究表明，使用健身追踪器——一种跟踪你运动的设备——可以使你每天的步数增加一英里多)”以及第二段““Fitnesstrackersareagreattoolforhearthealth,”sayscardiologist

SethMartin.“Beingmoreactiveandchangingyourhabitsisimportantbutdifficult.Trackinglikelyhelpspeoplewhencombinedwithacleargoaltoshootfor.”(“健身追踪器是心脏健康的好工具，”心脏病专家赛斯·马丁说。“变得更积极，改变你的习惯很重要，但也很难。如果与明确的目标相结合，追踪可能会对人们有所帮助。”)”推知，人们在锻炼时没有监测身体活动量。故选D项。2.词句猜测题。根据后文“Peoplefindwaystoincorporatemoreactivitiesintotheirday,walkingduringmeetings,orsimplytakingthestairsinsteadofanelevator.(人们想办法在一天中加入更多的活动，在会议期间散步，或者只是走楼梯而不是乘电梯)”可知，当人们有一个客观的每日记录可以让人们意识到自己的运动量有多少时，他们会想办法在一天中加入更多的活动，也就是重新调整他们的心态，所以recalibrate应该是“重新调整”之意，和A项“Adjust(调整)”词义相近。故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Martinsuggests,“Onceyou’vemadeamatch,youcantrythenextsteps:Usethetrackerconsistentlyeveryday.

Setagoalandthenfindactivitiesyouenjoythatalsofitintoyourdailylifeandcanbesustainedoverthelongterm.

Finally,encouragefriendsandfamilytousetrackersaswell.

Itcancreateasocialsupportnetworkandevenfosterasenseofcompetition.

Followthesetips,andyou’llbeonyourwaytoahealthierlifestyleandahealthierheart.”(马丁建议:“一旦你找到了匹配，你就可以尝试接下来的步骤：每天坚持使用追踪器。设定一个目标，然后找到你喜欢的活动，这些活动既适合你的日常生活，又能长期坚持下去。最后，鼓励朋友和家人也使用追踪器。它可以创造一个社会支持网络，甚至培养一种竞争意识。遵循这些建议，你将拥有更健康的生活方式和更健康的心脏。”)”可知，马丁建议人们购买一个合适的设备，每天使用。故选C项。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Ithinktechnologycanbeaverypowerfultooltogetpeoplemovingmore,”saysMartin.(马丁说:“我认为科技可以成为一个非常强大的工具，让人们更多地运动。”)”可推知，马丁认为健身追踪器的未来是有前途的。故选B项。Passage2(2026届河北秦皇岛市山海关第一中学高三年级下学期第二次模拟考试)Wayfinding—theartofnavigatingusingthewind,stars,oceanswells,andotherenvironmentalcues—washowsailorsfromtheMarquesasIslandsfirstdiscoveredHawaiimorethan1500yearsago.TheseskillsarehelpingtorestoreasenseofprideinPacificIslandcultureandheritage.Butbeyondthat,wayfindingholdssurprisingrelevancefortherestofuslandlubbingurbanites(从未出过海的城里人),evenifwehavenointentionofcrossingvastoceansinacanoe.Wayfindingishowhumanshavefoundtheirwayformostofourexistence.It’swhatenabledtheaboriginals,ArabnomadsandInuitstojourneyacrossmonotonous(单调的)yetshiftinglandscapesofland,desert,andice.Traditionalnavigationisabout“usingeverythingthat’sprovidedtoyouinnature”,saysJuniorColeman,whooverseessailingandseamanshipinhisowncompany.“Weusealltheelementsandforcesinnature—thesun,stars,moon,waves,currents,cloudsanddifferentanimals.Allofthose.”OneofColeman’sfavoritecues,forinstance,istheNorthStar.“It’sveryreliablewhenyousailnorthoftheequator.Asyougotowardsit,itappearstogethigherinthesky,soitkindofcorrespondswithyourlatitude(纬度).Anothercueisoceanswells—wavesformedbypermanentweathersystems,suchastradewinds,thatcantravelhundredsofmiles.Subtlechangesintheirrefraction(折射)patternscanindicateanislandanditslocation.Butlearningto“read”suchswellsisoneofthehardestskillstomaster—navigatorsoftenspeakoflyingdownontheircanoestofeel,ratherthansee,suchwaves.Colemanencourageseveryonetogivenaturalnavigationago,“Ipromiseyou,thebrainjustlovesit,”hesays,“there’salmostnootherartthatIcanthinkofwhereyoucanexerciseyourbraininafantasticallypositiveway.”5.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Toputforwardanargument. B.Todescribeahistoricalfact.C.Tomakereadersthinkdeeply. D.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.6.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.JuniorColemansucceededinthejourneyacrossdesert.B.Traditionalnavigationhasplayedavitalrolethroughout.C.Ancientpeopleweregoodatfindingwaysinthewild.D.Natureelementsprovideeverythingpeopleneedinnavigation.7.Howtousewavestonavigateaccordingtothetext?A.Byobservingtheheightofthewaves.B.Bylyingdownandlisteningtothewaves.C.Bynoticingcertainchangesofthewaves.D.Byfollowingthedirectionthewavesgoto.8.WhatdoesJuniorColemanthinkofnaturalnavigation?A.Potential-inspiring. B.Mind-challenging.C.Time-consuming. D.Logic-strengthening.【答案】5.D6.B7.C8.B【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍波利尼西亚古导航术“寻路”：借日月星辰、海浪折射等自然线索跨洋，既重振海岛文化，也给现代人启迪，鼓励体验这种健脑又环保的方向感训练。5.推理判断题。根据第一段“Wayfinding—theartofnavigatingusingthewind,stars,oceanswells,andotherenvironmentalcues—washowsailorsfromtheMarquesasIslandsfirstdiscoveredHawaiimorethan1500yearsago.TheseskillsarehelpingtorestoreasenseofprideinPacificIslandcultureandheritage.Butbeyondthat,wayfindingholdssurprisingrelevancefortherestofuslandlubbingurbanites,evenifwehavenointentionofcrossingvastoceansinacanoe.(寻路——利用风、星星、海浪和其他环境线索进行导航的艺术——是1500多年前马克萨斯群岛的水手们首次发现夏威夷的方法。这些技能有助于恢复对太平洋岛屿文化和遗产的自豪感。但除此之外，寻路功能与我们这些生活在陆地上的城市人有着惊人的关联，即使我们无意乘独木舟横渡浩瀚的海洋)”可知，本段介绍了1500年前马克萨斯群岛水手利用“Wayfinding”(自然导航)发现夏威夷的历史事实，引出这一传统技术在现代对太平洋岛国文化认同的积极意义，并点明其与城市居民的关联性，从而引出全文主题：自然导航在现代的价值与普适性。故选D项。6.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Wayfindingishowhumanshavefoundtheirwayformostofourexistence.It’swhatenabledtheaboriginals,ArabnomadsandInuitstojourneyacrossmonotonousyetshiftinglandscapesofland,desert,andice.Traditionalnavigationisabout‘usingeverythingthat’sprovidedtoyouinnature’,saysJuniorColeman,whooverseessailingandseamanshipinhisowncompany.‘Weusealltheelementsandforcesinnature—thesun,stars,moon,waves,currents,cloudsanddifferentanimals.Allofthose.’(寻路是人类在大部分时间里找到路的方式。它使土著居民、阿拉伯游牧民和因纽特人能够穿越单调而又不断变化的陆地、沙漠和冰川地貌。在自己的公司负责监督帆船和航海的朱尼尔•科尔曼表示，传统的航海是‘利用大自然提供给你的一切’。‘我们利用大自然中所有的元素和力量——太阳、星星、月亮、波浪、海流、云朵和不同的动物。所有这些’)”可知，本段首句直接点明Wayfinding这种传统导航方法在人类历史中的核心地位，并以原住民、阿拉伯游牧民族和因纽特人的迁徙为例，说明传统导航技术如何帮助人类跨越单调多变的地貌，并且至今仍然对人类旅行起到重要作用。故选B项。7.细节理解题。根据第三段“Anothercueisoceanswells—wavesformedbypermanentweathersystems,suchastradewinds,thatcantravelhundredsofmiles.Subtlechangesintheirrefractionpatternscanindicateanislandanditslocation.Butlearningto‘read’suchswellsisoneofthehardestskillstomaster—navigatorsoftenspeakoflyingdownontheircanoestofeel,ratherthansee,suchwaves.(另一个线索是海浪——由信风等永久性天气系统形成的海浪，可以传播数百英里。它们的折射模式的细微变化可以表明一个岛屿及其位置。但是，学会‘读懂’这样的巨浪是最难掌握的技能之一——航海家们经常说，他们躺在独木舟上来感受海浪，而不是看海浪)”可知，航海家们可以通过感受海浪的变化确定位置。故选C项。8.细节理解题。根据最后一段引语“Ipromiseyou,thebrainjustlovesit(我向你保证，大脑就是喜欢它)”“there’salmostnootherartthatIcanthinkofwhereyoucanexerciseyourbraininafantasticallypositiveway.(我能想到的几乎没有其他艺术能让你以一种非常积极的方式锻炼大脑)”可知，科尔曼认为利用自然导航是挑战脑力的，可以锻炼大脑。故选B项。Passage3(2027届湖南长沙浏阳景雅高级中学有限公司考前模拟英语试题)ResearcherssaynewevidencesuggestsMimas,theicymoonofSaturn(土星),likelyhasalargeundergroundocean.ResearchersbasedtheirfindingondatacollectedbytheAmericanspaceagencyNASA’sCassinispacecraft.CassiniobservedSaturnanditsmorethan140moonsformorethan10yearsbeforeendingoperationsin2017.Researchersreportedthedataprovidedthebestevidenceyetofahiddenoceanabout20to30kilometersbeneaththefrozensurface.Mimasisarelativelysmallmoon,about400kilometerswide.ResearcherssayMimasdoesn’thaveformations(构造)onitssurfacefoundonothermoons,whichsuggeststhepresenceofundergroundwater.Thesecanincludeabrokensurfaceaswellasspringactivity.TheamountofwaterthoughttoexistbelowthesurfaceofMimaswouldrepresentjust1.2to1.4percentofEarth’soceans.Thatisbecausethemoonisverysmall.However,Mimasdoeshaveaverylargecratercausedbyacrashwithaspaceobject.Theedgesofitareraisedveryhigh.Forthisreason,theappearanceofthemoonhasbeencomparedtothefictional“DeathStar”spacestationinthepopularmovieseriesStarWars.Theresearcherssaidtheundergroundoceanappearstohaveformedrecentlyinspaceterms,possiblybetween5and15millionyearsago.TheoceanwouldlikelyhaveanoveralltemperatureofaroundzerodegreesCelsius.Butthetemperatureattheseafloormightbemuchhigher.Thewaterisincontactwiththemoon’srockycenter,whichmaycreatetherightcomplex(复杂的)chemicalconditionstosupportlife.Buttheresearchersnotedthatbecausetheoceanisbelievedtobeyoung,itmightbeachallengeforlife’sdevelopment.However,nobodyknowshowlonglifeneedstoappearfromasuitableenvironment.TheoceanonMimasmayofferauniqueopportunitytoexplorethefirststageoflife’sdevelopment.ScientistshavesaidthatinthepastanothermoonofSaturn,Enceladus,mightpossessthewarmth,waterandchemicalmaterialsnecessarytosupportlife.9.WhatindicatesthereiswateronMimas?A.Itsunusualsurface. B.Itssmallsize. C.Itsturningspeed. D.Itspositioninspace.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crater”meaninparagraph5?A.River. B.Mountain. C.Hole. D.Land.11.WhyisitdifficultforlifetodeveloponMimas?A.Itsoceanbottomistoowarm. B.Ithasnoatmospherearound.C.Thewaterofitsoceanissalty. D.Itsoceanhasn’texistedlongenough.12.Whatmaytheundergroundoceanhelpresearchersdo?A.Studytheformationofearlylife. B.Searchforapossiblehumanhabitat.C.Lookforusefulchemicalmaterials. D.ExploretheoceansonEarth.【答案】9.A10.C11.D12.A【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究人员表示，新的证据表明，土星冰冷的卫星土卫一可能有一个巨大的地下海洋。9.细节理解题。根据第三段“Mimasisarelativelysmallmoon,about400kilometerswide.ResearcherssayMimasdoesn’thaveformations(构造)onitssurfacefoundonothermoons,whichsuggeststhepresenceofundergroundwater.(土卫一是一颗相对较小的卫星，大约400公里宽。研究人员表示，土卫一表面没有其他卫星上发现的地层，这表明存在地下水)”可知，不寻常的表面表明土卫一上有水。故选A。10.词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“causedbyacrashwithaspaceobject(是由太空物体撞击造成的)”可知，crater是指太空物体撞击造成的坑洞。故划线词意思是“洞穴”。故选C。11.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Thewaterisincontactwiththemoon’srockycenter,whichmaycreatetherightcomplex(复杂的)chemicalconditionstosupportlife.Buttheresearchersnotedthatbecausetheoceanisbelievedtobeyoung,itmightbeachallengeforlife’sdevelopment.(水与月球的岩石中心接触，可能会创造出适合生命生存的复杂化学条件。但研究人员指出，由于海洋被认为是年轻的，它可能对生命的发展构成挑战)”可知，生命很难在土卫一上发展因为它的海洋存在的时间不够长。故选D。12.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“TheoceanonMimasmayofferauniqueopportunitytoexplorethefirststageoflife’sdevelopment.(土卫一上的海洋可能为探索生命发展的第一阶段提供了一个独特的机会)”可知，地下海洋可以帮助研究人员研究早期生命的形成。故选A。Passage4(2026届江西省鹰潭市第一中学高三考前最后一卷)Therecentdiscoveryof2025PN7,aquasi-moon(准卫星)orbitingnearEarth,showsboththedynamicnatureofoursolarsystemandtheadvancingcapabilitiesofastronomicalobservation.Thissmallobject,recentlydetectedbythePan-STARRStelescope,haslikelybeenafaint,unseencompaniontoourplanetforaboutsixdecades.Itselusivenessisduetoitssmallsize,estimatedat62feetindiameter,makingitthesmallest-knownobjectofitskind.Itonlybecomesdetectableduringitsrarecloseapproaches,suchasswingingwithin186,000milesfromEarth.Theexistenceof2025PN7holdssignificantscientificvalue.Firstly,itchallengespreviousassumptions,suggestingtheremaybenolowersizelimitforquasi-satellites,implyingmanymoresuchsmallcompanionscouldremainundiscovered.Secondly,itsoriginisofgreatinterest.LikethepreviouslydiscoveredKamo’oalewa—atargetofChina’sTianwen-2mission—2025PN7ishypothesizedtobearocky,naturalobject,potentiallyafragmentfromthemoonorpartoftheso-calledArjunaasteroid(小行星)group,whichsharesEarth-likeorbitsaroundthesun.Studyingthesebodiescanunlocksecretsofthehistoryoflunarimpactsandthecompositionofnear-Earthobjects.Furthermore,quasi-moonslike2025PN7presentpracticalopportunitiesforspaceexploration.AsstatedbyresearcherCarlosdelaFuenteMarcos,theiraccessibleorbitsmakethemidealtestinggroundsforunmannedmissions,allowingforthedevelopmentofplanetaryexplorationtechnologieswitharelativelymodestinvestment.Theyposenoimpactthreat,whiletheyserveasconvenientsteppingstonesfordeeperspaceventures.Inconclusion,thediscoveryof2025PN7ismorethanmerelycataloginganewquasi-satellite.Ithighlightstheendlesssurpriseswithinoursolarsystemandopensnewavenuestounderstandingplanetaryformationandadvancingspacetechnology,provingthateventhesmallestastronomicalneighbourscanyieldprofoundinsights.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elusiveness”inthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A.Hard-to-detectnature. B.Fast-movingcharacteristic.C.Long-existingproperty. D.Shape-changingfeature.14.WhydoestheauthormentionKamo’oalewainthepassage?A.Toillustrateapossiblecompositionandoriginofquasi-moons.B.Tocomparetheexplorationplansofdifferentspaceagencies.C.Toprovethatallquasi-satellitesaretargetsofspacemissions.D.Towarnaboutthepotentialdangersofnear-Earthobjects.15.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialpracticaluseforquasi-moonslike2025PN7?A.Providingrareresourcesforspaceresearch.B.Beingusedasbasesforhumanspaceexploration.C.Helpingpredictthemovementofnear-Earthasteroids.D.Servingastestsitesfortechnologiesofunmannedmissions.16.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthefuturestudyofquasi-moons?A.Itmayhelpscientistsidentifythespecifictypeof2025PN7’sorigin.B.ItwillmainlyfocusonassessingtheirpossiblethreattoEarth.C.Itmaydeepenscientists’understandingofthemoon’simpacthistory.D.Itwillbestoppedduetothehighcostofdevelopingexplorationtools.【答案】13.A14.A15.D16.C【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了准卫星2025PN7的发现及其科学价值，包括对行星形成和太空技术发展的启示。13.词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Thissmallobject,recentlydetectedbythePan-STARRStelescope,haslikelybeenafaint,unseencompaniontoourplanetforaboutsixdecades.Itselusivenessisduetoitssmallsize,estimatedat62feetindiameter...Itonlybecomesdetectableduringitsrarecloseapproaches(这个小型天体最近被Pan-STARRS望远镜探测到，可能已经作为我们星球一个暗淡、看不见的伴侣存在了大约六十年。它的elusiveness是由于它的小尺寸，直径估计为62英尺……它只有在罕见的近距离接近时才能被探测到)”可知，2025PN7难以被探测到。故划线词指的是它“难以探测的特性”，与A项“Hard-to-detectnature”同义。14.推理判断题。根据第二段中“LikethepreviouslydiscoveredKamo’oalewa...2025PN7ishypothesizedtobearocky,naturalobject,potentiallyafragmentfromthemoonorpartoftheso-calledArjunaasteroid(小行星)group(与先前发现的Kamo’oalewa类似……2025PN7被假设为一个岩石质的自然天体，可能是月球的一块碎片，或者是所谓的Arjuna小行星群的一部分)”可知，作者提及Kamo’oalewa是为了通过比较，说明其可能的组成(岩石质自天体)和起源(月球碎片或Arjuna小行星群的一部分)，即准卫星2025PN7可能的构成和来源。15.细节理解题。根据第二段中“theiraccessibleorbitsmakethemidealtestinggroundsforunmannedmissions,allowingforthedevelopmentofplanetaryexplorationtechnologieswitharelativelymodestinvestment.(它们易于接近的轨道使它们成为无人任务的理想试验场，允许以相对适度的投资发展行星探测技术)”可知，像2025PN7这样的准卫星可以作为无人任务技术的测试点。16.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Studyingthesebodiescanunlocksecretsofthehistoryoflunarimpactsandthecompositionofnear-Earthobjects.(研究这些天体可以揭示月球撞击历史以及近地天体构成的秘密)”以及最后一段“Ithighlightstheendlesssurpriseswithinoursolarsystemandopensnewavenuestounderstandingplanetaryformationandadvancingspacetechnology,provingthateventhesmallestastronomicalneighbourscanyieldprofoundinsights.(它凸显了太阳系内无穷无尽的惊喜，开辟了理解行星形成和推进太空技术的新途径，证明了即便是最微小的天文邻居也能带来深刻的启示)”可推知，对准卫星的未来研究可能加深科学家对月球撞击历史的理解。Passage5(2026届广东汕头金中海湾学校高三第二学期考前模拟)WEMAYhavebeenmissingsignalsfromintelligentaliens(外星人)becauseofsolarwind.ResearchersfromtheSearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence(SETI)Institutesaythismeanswehavebeenwatchingforthewrongtypeofsignal,potentiallyfailingtospotpromisingevidenceofalienlife,butthechancesofafuturediscoveryarenowhigher.Thenot-for-profitorganisationcarriesoutresearchtohelpprovetheexistenceofalienlife,whichincludeslisteningforradiosignalsfromouterspacethatcannotbeexplainedbynaturalcosmologicalphenomena.Suchasignalwaspreviouslyexpectedtobeasharp,distinctradiosignalinanarrowfrequencyrange.Butthenewresearchsuggeststhatanysuchsignalssentfromdistantplanetsmayendupbeingmadefainterandwiderinthefrequencyband—essentiallyblurredslightly—astheypassthroughthestellar(恒星)windsofstars.VishalGajjarandGrayceBrownattheSETIInstitutecalculatedthescaleoftheeffectonradiotransmissions(传输)fromspacecraftinourownsolarsystem,andthenextrapolatedthattootherstellarenvironments.Theyfoundthata100-megahertzsignalcouldbewidenedasmuchas100hertz—enoughto“fallbelowtraditionaldetectionthresholds”.Aspaceweathereventcansimilarlyincreasetheamountofbroadeningexperiencedbyasignaltoasignificantdegree.JohnElliottattheUniversityofStAndrews,UK,saysheseesthenewsastheglassbeinghalf-full,nothalf-empty:itmeansprevioussearchesmayhavemissedevidence,butalsomeansthatfuturesearcheswillbemorelikelytosucceed.“It’sover50yearsthatwe’vebeenactivelysearchingandthat’sablinkoftheeye,isn’tit,whenyouthinkaboutit,”saysElliott.17.Whyhaveresearcherspossiblyfailedtoreceivesignalsfromintelligentaliens?A.ThesignalscannotreachtheEarth.B.Theirequipmentwasnotadvancedenough.C.Thesignalsdidnotappearintheexpectedform.D.Spaceweathereventspreventedthesignaltraveling.18.Howisthealiensignalaffectedbythestellarwindsofstars?A. B.C. D.(Note:Plotsshowrelativechangesinsignalwidthandstrength,notabsolutevalues.)19.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Howthenewfindingswerereached. B.Howspacecraftsendradiosignals.C.Whataffectsradiosignaltransmission. D.Whathelpedresearchersmakeprogress.20.WhichstatementdoesJohnElliottprobablyagreewith?A.Muchprogresshasbeenmadesofar.B.Futurediscoverieswillbefruitful.C.Previoussearcheswastedalotoftime.D.Fiftyyearsistoolongforalienhunting.【答案】17.C18.A19.A20.B【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了由于恒星风的影响，我们可能错过了来自智能外星人的信号，但未来发现的可能性更高。17.细节理解题。根据第三段“Suchasignalwaspreviouslyexpectedtobeasharp,distinctradiosignalinanarrowfrequencyrange.Butthenewresearchsuggeststhatanysuchsignalssentfromdistantplanetsmayendupbeingmadefainterandwiderinthefrequencyband—essentiallyblurredslightly—astheypassthroughthestellar(恒星)windsofstars.(此前人们预期这种信号是在窄频段内尖锐、清晰的无线电信号。但新的研究表明，任何从遥远行星发出的此类信号，在穿过恒星的恒星风时，最终可能会在频段内变得更微弱、更宽——本质上会稍微模糊一些。)”可知，研究人员可能没有接收到来自智能外星人的信号，是因为信号没有以预期的形式出现。18.细节理解题。根据第三段“Butthenewresearchsuggeststhatanysuchsignalssentfromdistantplanetsmayendupbeingmadefainterandwiderinthefrequencyband—essentiallyblurredslightly—astheypassthroughthestellar(恒星)windsofstars.(但新的研究表明，任何从遥远行星发出的此类信号，在穿过恒星的恒星风时，最终可能会在频段内变得更微弱、更宽——本质上会稍微模糊一些。)”可知，外星信号受恒星风影响会变得更微弱、频段更宽且更模糊。19.主旨大意题。根据第四段“VishalGajjarandGrayceBrownattheSETIInstitutecalculatedthescaleoftheeffectonradiotransmissions(传输)fromspacecraftinourownsolarsystem,andthenextrapolatedthattootherstellarenvironments.Theyfoundthata100-megahertzsignalcouldbewidenedasmuchas100hertz—enoughto“fallbelowtraditionaldetectionthresholds”.Aspaceweathereventcansimilarlyincreasetheamountofbroadeningexperiencedbyasignaltoasignificantdegree.(SETI研究所的维沙尔·加贾尔(VishalGajjar)和格雷斯·布朗(GrayceBrown)计算了这种效应对我们太阳系中航天器无线电传输的影响规模，然后将其外推到其他恒星环境。他们发现，一个100兆赫的信号可能会变宽多达100赫兹——足以“低于传统检测阈值”。太空天气事件同样可以显著增加信号所经历的变宽程度。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究人员是如何得出新发现的。20.推理判断题。根据最后一段“JohnElliottattheUniversityofStAndrews,UK,saysheseesthenewsastheglassbeinghalf-full,nothalf-empty:itmeansprevioussearchesmayhavemissedevidence,butalsomeansthatfuturesearcheswillbemorelikelytosucceed.(英国圣安德鲁斯大学的约翰·埃利奥特(JohnElliott)表示，他认为这个消息是半满的，而不是半空的：这意味着之前的搜索可能错过了证据，但也意味着未来的搜索更有可能成功。)”可知，约翰·埃利奥特认为未来的发现将会很有成果。考向二自然生态类(气候变化、动物行为、植物特征、环境保护)Passage1(2027届湖南长沙浏阳景雅高级中学有限公司考前模拟)TheUnitedArabEmirates,80%desertwithonly0.7%farmingland,struggleswithfoodsupply.Unsurprisingly,theoil-richnationhasofferedopportunitiestocompaniesaimingtochangethosestatistics,asitattemptstofinditswaytowardfoodsupply.HyveGeo,launchingaprojectwithCambridge,isthelateststartupthathasfoundawaytoturnthedesertgreenwhileturningaprofittoo.Usingagriculturalwasteandalgae(藻类),thecompanyiscreatingamixturedesignedtoboosttreeplantingprojectsandfoodproduction.Andthroughgrowingalgae,itsaysitcanremoveclimate-warmingcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereintheprocess.ThemainsubstanceforHyveGeo’smixtureisbiochar,acarbon-richmaterialmadebyburningorganicmaterialsinalow-oxygenenvironment.HyveGeoissourcingitsorganicmaterialfromlocalfarmsandagriculturalwaste,andprocessingitatapilotsiteinAbuDhabi.Todate,thesitehasproduced200tonsofbiochar,preventing800tonsofwastefromgoingtolandfill.Biocharitselfisfantastic,butifyoustickitindesertsand,itdoesn’tdothatmuch.HyveGeohasappliedalgaetotheirsolution.Itputsalgaethrougha“bio-processingconcept”togetbioactiveextracts(提取物),whichcanbeaddedtobiochartopromoteplantgrowth.Thecompanyclaimstospeedupsoilcreationfromyearstolessthanamonth.Trialswithtomatoesshowpromisingresults:plantsarelargerandcanwithstandhighertemperatures,indicatingthegrowingmediumhelpsresistclimatestress.PartneringwithUAEagriculturalauthorities,HyveGeoaimstogrowcropssuchaswheat,rice,andvegetableslocally.ExpertDr.Marcellaacknowledgestheircomprehensivesoil-improvementstrategybutwarnsofsoilregeneration’scomplexityandunknownirrigation(灌溉)needs.ProducingenoughalgaetomeetdemandandmakingHyveGeo’smodelcommerciallypracticablearejusttwochallengesitfaces.HyveGeowillannounceitsnextroundofventurecapitalfunding.“Climateisalong-termthing,”addedWelch,HyveGeochiefoperationsofficer.“Ifwecandoourbittosolvethechallenge,that’sawonderfulthing.”1.WhatcanHyveGeo’sprojectdoaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Achievedoublegoals. B.Enhancefoodsafety.C.Reduceagriculturalwaste. D.Popularizefarmingmethods.2.HowdoesHyveGeomakebiocharfunctionbetter?A.Byaddingittodesertsand. B.Bysimplifyingitsprocessing.C.Bychangingitscarboncontent. D.Bymixingitwithalgaeextracts.3.What’sDr.Marcella’sattitudetowardsthesoilcreationstrategy?A.Cautious. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent.4.Whatisimpliedabouttheprojectinthelastparagraph?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itishighlyprofitable.C.Itneedsfinancialsupport. D.Itresolvesclimatechallenge.【答案】1.A2.D3.A4.C【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了阿联酋因沙漠广布面临粮食供应问题，HyveGeo公司利用农业废弃物和藻类改良土壤，试种番茄成果显著，但仍面临挑战。1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Usingagriculturalwasteandalgae(藻类),thecompanyiscreatingamixturedesignedtoboosttreeplantingprojectsandfoodproduction.Andthroughgrowingalgae,itsaysitcanremoveclimate-warmingcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereintheprocess.(该公司利用农业废弃物和藻类，制造出一种混合物，旨在促进植树项目和粮食生产。并且通过藻类的生长，该公司表示能够在此过程中从大气中去除导致气候变暖的二氧化碳)”可知，HyveGeo的项目能够实现双重目标。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第三段“HyveGeohasappliedalgaetotheirsolution.Itputsalgaethrougha“bio-processingconcept”togetbioactiveextracts(提取物),whichcanbeaddedtobiochartopromoteplantgrowth.Thecompanyclaimstospeedupsoilcreationfromyearstolessthanamonth.(海维吉奥公司已将藻类应用于其解决方案中。该公司通过一种“生物处理理念”对藻类进行处理，以提取出具有生物活性的提取物，这些提取物可以添加到生物炭中，以促进植物生长。该公司声称，能够将土壤的形成时间从数年缩短至不到一个月)”可知，海维吉奥通过将其与藻类提取物混合让生物炭发挥出更好效果。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ExpertDr.Marcellaacknowledgestheircomprehensivesoil-improvementstrategybutwarnsofsoilregeneration’scomplexityandunknownirrigation(灌溉)needs.(专家玛塞拉博士认可其全面的土壤改良策略，但也警告称土壤再生过程复杂，且灌