初升高完美衔接教材 英语教学 形容词和副词

第二篇

词法句法英语学科模块3

形容词和副词1热身训练2知识对接3难点突破4自主训练1热身训练2知识对接3难点突破4自主训练训练1

形容词的作用与位置1.形容词作前置定语。—Jim

and

I

share

___

tastes

and

hobbies.—No

wonder

you

take

part

in

lots

of

meaningful

social

activities

together.［2022安徽］CA.separate

B.weak

C.similar

D.double【解析】根据“No

wonder

you

take

part

in

lots

of

meaningful

social

activities

together.”可知，他们一起参加活动，所以品味和爱好应是相似的。2.形容词作定语，修饰不定代词时，通常后置。The

idea

of

“sunshine

sport”

makes

it

possible

for

kids

to

choose

and

do

___

about

sport

as

long

as

one

hour

every

day.［黑龙江哈尔滨］BA.pleasant

something

B.anything

pleasantC.nothing

pleasant

D.pleasant

everything【解析】句意：“阳光运动”的理念使孩子们每天可以选择和做任何令人愉快的运动长达一小时。此处是形容词作定语，修饰不定代词时，形容词应后置。且本句为陈述句，故此处应选anything

pleasant，表示“任何令人愉快的事”。3.形容词作表语。The

grapes

are

very

___

and

they

also

taste

good.［2023天津］DA.easy

B.lazy

C.boring

D.fresh【解析】句意：葡萄很新鲜，并且它们尝起来也不错。easy“容易的”；lazy“懒的”；boring“无聊的”；fresh“新鲜的”。4.形容词作宾语补足语。—How

amazing

ChatGPT

is!—Yes.

The

new

invention

makes

it

quite

___

for

people

to

write

papers

and

stories.［2023山东滨州］BA.late

B.simple

C.natural

D.difficult【解析】句意：——ChatGPT是多么神奇啊！——是的。这项新发明使人们写论文和故事变得非常简单。late“晚的”；simple“简单的”；natural“自然的”；difficult“困难的”。5.形容词之间词义的区别。Siheyuan

is

a

kind

of

___

building

around

China

with

a

history

of

more

than

3,000

years.［2023新疆］BA.central

B.traditional

C.musical

D.national【解析】句意：四合院是中国的一种传统建筑，已有三千多年的历史。central“中心的”；

traditional“传统的”；musical“音乐的”；

national“国家的”。训练2

副词的作用与位置1.副词修饰形容词、动词、副词或句子。—What

place

will

you

suggest

if

I

travel

to

your

hometown?—The

best-known

Mount

Huangshan

comes

___

as

the

first

choice.［2022安徽］DA.hardly

B.patiently

C.strangely

D.naturally【解析】根据“The

best-known

Mount

Huangshan

comes...

as

the

first

choice.”可知，黄山自然是首选。2.enough作副词修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。—What

do

you

think

of

the

lecture（演讲）

of

Li

Yang?—I

think

it's

________，but

someone

thinks

it's

much

too

________.［安徽芜湖］(

)

CA.wonderful

enough；

bored

B.enough

wonderful；

boringC.wonderful

enough；

boring

D.enough

wonderful；

bored【解析】enough修饰形容词时要后置，故排除B、D两项；第二空表示“令人厌倦的”，故选C。3.副词之间词义的区别。I

haven't

got

time

to

wait.

If

you

want

to

come

with

me,

get

dressed

___.［2023甘肃武威］CA.carefully

B.loudly

C.quickly

D.heavily【解析】句意：我没有时间等了。你如果想要和我去，快点穿好衣服。carefully“仔细地”；loudly“大声地”；quickly“快速地”；heavily“沉重地”。训练3

形容词和副词的比较等级1.原级的用法。Mind

health

is

as

___

as

body

health.［2023湖南岳阳］AA.important

B.more

important

C.the

most

important

D.a

most

important【解析】句意：心理健康和身体健康一样重要。as...as...为固定句型，意思是“和……一样……”，表示同级比较，中间应用形容词或副词的原级。2.比较级的用法。—Is

Julie

as

tall

as

you?—No.

She's

___

than

me.［2023湖北鄂州］BA.tall

B.taller

C.tallest

D.the

tallest【解析】句意：——Julie和你一样高吗？——不，她比我高。由空格后的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。3.一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时，可在比较级前加even、

a

lot、

a

bit、

a

little、

much、

far等来修饰。Slow

cooking

seems

to

hold

the

taste

of

the

meat

much

___.［2023江苏扬州］CA.good

B.well

C.better

D.best【解析】句意：慢火烹煮似乎能更好地保持肉的味道。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填副词修饰动词hold，且much后面跟形容词、副词的比较级。4.用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构表示“越来越……”。The

number

of

wild

giant

pandas

is

getting

___

because

their

living

areas

are

becoming

farmlands.［江苏盐城］CA.less

and

less

B.larger

and

largerC.smaller

and

smaller

D.fewer

and

fewer【解析】句意：野生大熊猫的数量越来越少，因为它们的生存空间正逐渐变成农场。本题中四个选项都是“比较级+and+比较级”的结构，表示“越来越……”。主语为number，只能和large或small搭配。结合句意可判断答案为C。5.用“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……越……”。Remember

this,

kids.

The

harder

you

work,

the

___

you

will

be.［2023黑龙江齐齐哈尔］BA.worse

B.luckier

C.easier

D.happier【解析】句意：孩子们，记住这一点。你越努力，你就会越幸运。worse“更差的”；luckier“更幸运的”；easier“更容易的”；happier“更快乐的”。6.三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，形容词或副词用最高级。Leo

likes

speed

skating

and

he

thinks

it's

___

event

at

the

Beijing

Winter

Olympics.［2022辽宁盘锦］DA.exciting

B.more

exciting

C.most

exciting

D.the

most

exciting【解析】句意：Leo喜欢速滑，他认为速滑是北京冬奥会上最令人激动的项目。此处表示三者以上的比较，空格处应填形容词的最高级形式，故选D。接点1

形容词1.成分成分例句定语One

of

the

most

common

languages

used

to

create

web

pages

is

called

HTML.Who

is

the

greatest

woman

writer

alive

in

the

world?表语After

getting

her

hair

cut,

she

looked

even

more

beautiful.宾语补足语With

the

window

open,

many

things

in

the

shop

were

stolen

at

night.状语The

bird

fell

onto

the

ground,

dead.2.比较级和最高级形容词比较级、最高级的变化规则如下表：规则原级比较级最高级单音节形容词在词尾加-er/-esthighfewhigherfewerhighestfewest以-e结尾的形容词在词尾加-r/-stlargewidelargerwiderlargestwidest以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，应先双写该辅音字母，然后加-er/-estthinbighotthinnerbiggerhotterthinnestbiggesthottest规则原级比较级最高级以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，须先将y变成i，然后加-er/-esthappyfunnyhappierfunnierhappiestfunniest多音节形容词前加more变比较级,加most变最高级beautifulmore

beautifulmostbeautiful续表原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestbad/illworseworstmanymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest部分形容词比较级、最高级的不规则变化如下表：接点2

副词1.成分副词的类型例词时间副词soon,

now,

early,

finally,

recently地点副词here,

nearby,

outside,

upwards,

above方式副词hard,

well,

fast,

slowly,

excitedly,

carefully程度副词almost,

nearly,

very,

fairly,

quite,

rather频度副词always,

often,

frequently,

seldom,

never疑问副词how,

where,

when,

why连接副词how,

when,

where,

why,

however,

meanwhile关系副词when,

where,

why（1）作状语We

should

listen

to

the

teachers

carefully

in

class.

我们在课堂上应该仔细听讲。（修饰动词）You

are

quite

right.

你相当正确。（修饰形容词）He

parked

the

car

very

easily.

他很容易地把汽车停放好了。（第1个修饰副词，第2个修饰动词）Luckily,

he

finished

the

work

in

time.

幸运的是，他及时完成了工作。（修饰整个句子）（2）作表语作表语的副词多数是表示位置的，如in、

out、

on、

back、

down、

up、

off、

away、

upstairs等。He

is

in.

他在家。I

must

be

off

now.

我现在必须走了。（3）作宾语补足语Let

them

in.让他们进来。We

saw

her

off

two

days

ago.

两天前我们为她送行。（4）作定语有时少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后面。People

there

used

to

drink

the

water

in

the

river.

那儿的人过去常饮用这条河里的水。People

now

often

have

their

festival

dinners

at

restaurants.现在的人经常在饭店里吃节日晚宴。【注意】副词作定语和介词短语作定语一样，一律后置。2.副词在句中的位置（1）在形容词之前。It's

extremely

hot

today.今天很热。Wind

is

a

kind

of

environmentally

friendly

energy.风是一种环保能源。（2）在be动词、助动词之后。She

is

currently

at

home.

她目前在家。（3）地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末。I'll

wait

for

you

here.

我将在这儿等你。（地点副词）I'll

see

him

off

at

the

station

tomorrow.明天我将在车站为他送行。（时间副词）The

boy

wrote

the

homework

quickly.

这个男孩快速地写作业。（方式副词）有时为了强调时间，也可把时间副词放在句首。Recently,

the

students

all

performed

well

here.

最近，这些学生在这里都表现很好。（4）频度副词在句子中的位置有以下两种：①在be动词、情态动词及助动词之后。She

is

always

kind

to

us.

她对我们总是很友好。（be动词之后）I

can

never

forget

the

day.

我永远也不会忘记这一天。（情态动词之后）The

work

has

never

been

done.

这项工作从未完成过。（助动词之后）②在实义动词之前。He

often

goes

to

school

late.他经常上学迟到。3.副词的比较级和最高级（1）副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则与形容词的比较级和最高级的变化规则基本上一样。hard—harder—hardestfast—faster—fastestearly—earlier—earliest（2）部分副词比较级、最高级的不规则变化如下：well—better—bestmuch—more—mostbadly—worse—worstlittle—less—least（3）以后缀-ly结尾的副词，在其前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级，如：quickly—more

quickly—most

quicklyquietly—more

quietly—most

quietly【注意】early

中的-ly不是后缀，故可以把y变i再加-er/-est。4.副词的排列顺序（1）时间副词、地点副词:小单位在前，大单位在后。Let's

go

to

the

park

at

8:30

tomorrow

morning.我们明天早上八点半去公园吧。（2）同一个句子中出现多个不同副词时的排列顺序：程度副词→方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。【注意】（1）副词very可以修饰形容词、副词，但不能修饰动词。（误）I

very

like

English.（正）I

like

English

very

much.（2）副词enough要放在形容词、副词的后面，形容词enough常放在名词前。I

don't

know

him

well

enough.我对他不够了解。There

is

enough

food

for

everyone

to

eat.有足够的食物供大家吃。5.副词的构成（1）除了often、

seldom、

always、

already、

ever、

fast、

straight等副词外，一般情况下，形容词在末尾加上-ly就成了副词。一些以-l结尾的形容词变副词时不能直接加-y，应加-ly。slow—slowlyquick—quicklyclear—clearlyobvious—obviouslyphysical—physicallymental—mentallypeaceful—peacefully（2）少数以-le结尾的形容词变副词时，-le直接换成-ly。terrible—terribly

gentle—gentlycomfortable—comfortably（3）一些以-ly结尾的词多用作形容词，如deadly、

likely、

weekly、

monthly、

orderly等。6.以下为come、

go、

get、

arrive等动词加副词构成的常见短语:drive

downtown驾车去市区go

upstairs上楼come

downstairs下楼live

abroad住在国外stay

indoors待在室内play

outdoors在户外玩go

home回家get

there到那儿arrive

here

到这儿突破1

形容词与副词的用法1.可以修饰形容词或副词原级的词有very、

quite、

so、

too等。He

is

too

tired

to

walk

on.

他太累了，不能再继续走了。My

brother

runs

so

fast

that

I

can't

follow

him.

我弟弟跑得如此快以至于我跟不上他。2.含有as...as（与……一样）的原级表达句式。Tom

is

as

old

as

Kate.

Tom和Kate年龄一样大。He

is

twice

as

old

as

his

nephew.

他的年龄是他侄子的两倍。Tom

runs

as

fast

as

Mike.

Tom和Mike跑得一样快。as...as的否定形式是not

as/so...as,意思是“不如……;不及……”。He

doesn't

walk

as

slowly

as

you.

他走路不像你那样慢。This

room

is

not

as/so

big

as

that

one.

这个房间不如那个大。3.最高级表示三者及三者以上事物间的比较，常与of、

in连用。The

Yangtze

River

is

the

longest

river

in

China.

长江是中国最长的河流。4.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。He

is

getting

taller

and

taller.

他长得越来越高了。The

flowers

are

more

and

more

beautiful.

花儿越来越漂亮。5.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……就越……”。The

more

careful

you

are,

the

fewer

mistakes

you'll

make.

你越认真，你犯的错误就越少。________you

read,

________you

understand.(

)

BA.The

less；

the

better

B.The

more；

the

betterC.Few；

well

D.More；

well【解析】句意：你读的书越多，理解得就越好。根据句意可知，此处选B。6.可以修饰比较级的词有much、

a

lot、

a

great

deal、

far、

a

little、

a

bit、

even、

still等。Tom

looks

even

younger

than

before.

Tom看起来比以前更年轻。This

train

runs

much

faster

than

that

one.

这列火车比那列跑得快得多。She

drives

still

more

carefully

than

her

husband.

她开车比她丈夫还小心。He

made___

fewer

mistakes

than

I

did.CA.more

B.much

more

C.much

D.more

much【解析】much可修饰比较级，fewer本身已是比较级，不能再用more修饰。突破2

形容词修饰不定代词

当形容词修饰不定代词something、

anything、

nothing、

everything时，形容词要后置。Do

you

have

anything

interesting

to

tell

us

all

today?

今天你有什么有趣的事情跟我们大家说说吗？Take

it

easy.

There

is

nothing

serious

with

your

disease,

which

is

just

a

cold.

别紧张。你的病无大碍，只是感冒而已。I

have

___

to

do

today.BA.anything

important

B.something

importantC.important

nothing

D.important

something【解析】句意：今天我有重要的事情要做。形容词修饰不定代词时应放在其后面，故排除C、D两项。此处用something表示肯定。突破3

形容词的排列顺序

当两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词该如何排列呢？为什么不能说a

black

new

pen,而要说a

new

black

pen?

这里面有规则可循吗？

如果你记住口诀“好美小高状其新，颜色国料特别近”，那么你就能知道英语中多个形容词作前置定语时该如何排列。1.“好”代表评价性的形容词，如nice、

good、

kind等。2.“美”指描述人的审美感受的形容词，如beautiful、

pretty、

handsome、

ugly、

good-looking、

lovely等。3.“小”指描述大小的形容词，如small、

big、

large、

little等。4.“高”指描述高矮、长短等的形容词，如tall、

high、

short、

deep、

wide、

shallow、

thick等。5.“状”指描述形状的形容词，如round、

square、

narrow等。6.“其”是整个口诀中的语气词，无含义。7.“新”指描述新旧、年龄的形容词，如new、

old、

young等。8.“颜色”指描述颜色的形容词，如red、

green、

blue、

pink、

black、

yellow、

purple等。9.“国”指表示国籍的形容词，如Chinese、

Russian、

Spanish等。10.“料”指描述材质的形容词，如plastic、

wooden等。

英语中这些形容词连用时就按上述顺序排列。当然，实际语言使用中极少出现很多形容词连用的情况。突破4

同源形容词的区别

在英语中某些词变成形容词时有两种或两种以上的形式，它们词形相近，但词义不同，容易用错。v-ing表示特征v-ed

表示心理感受frightening

令人恐惧的frightened

害怕的boring

令人厌烦的bored

厌烦的annoying

令人生气的annoyed

恼怒的exciting

令人兴奋的excited

兴奋的The

boy

in

the

tree

asked

in

a（n）

___

voice,

“Are

you

sure

I'm

going

to

land

on

the

mat（垫子）？”BA.happy

B.frightened

C.frightening

D.embarrassing【解析】a

frightened

voice表明树上的男孩感到恐惧，此处属于心理感受。突破5

并非所有的形容词都有比较级

superior、

senior、

junior、

similar、

different、

necessary、

impossible等形容词没有比较级和最高级。After

we

compare

the

two,

we

find

this

design

is

___

that

one.DA.more

superior

to

B.far

superior

than

C.more

superior

than

D.far

superior

to【解析】句意：对比这两款（设计）之后，我们发现这款设计比那一款更胜一筹。形容词superior没有比较级形式，故选项A、C可排除；superior与介词to搭配，故选D。突破6

否定副词置于句首时的倒装

当否定副词no、

hardly、

scarcely、

seldom、

rarely、

little、

few等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Hardly

had

he

arrived

at

the

airport

when

the

policemen

arrested

him.

他一到机场就被警察抓住了。Seldom

does

my

father

drink

unless

there

comes

a

good

friend.

我父亲很少饮酒，除非有好朋友来。突破7

可引导完全倒装的副词

当副词here、

there、

now、

out、

in、

up、

down、

away、

then、

back、

off等放在句首且主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装。Here

comes

the

bus.

公共汽车来了。Now

comes

your

turn.

现在轮到你了。The

door

opened,

and

in

came

Mr

Wan.

门开了，万先生进来了。A

strong

wind

blew

and

away

went

his

hat.

一阵强风刮来，他的帽子飞走了。突破8

某些副词与其加-ly变成的副词的区别1.close与closelyclose的意思是“接近”;

closely的意思是“仔细地”。He

is

sitting

close

to

me.他坐得离我很近。Watch

him

closely.仔细观察他。2.late

与latelylate的意思是“晚”；lately的意思是“最近”。You

came

too

late.你来得太晚了。What

have

you

been

doing

lately?你最近在做什么？3.deep与deeplydeep表示空间上的深度；deeply常表示感情上的深度。He

pushed

the

stick

deep

into

the

mud.他把棍子深深地插入泥土里。Even

my

father

was

deeply

moved

by

the

film.甚至我的父亲都被这部电影深深地感动了。4.high与highlyhigh表示空间上的高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。The

plane

was

flying

high.飞机飞得很高。I

think

highly

of

your

opinion.我对你的观点评价很高。5.wide与widelywide的意思是“尽可能远地；充分地”；widely的意思是“广泛地”。He

opened

his

mouth

wide.他把嘴张得很大。English

is

widely

used

in

the

world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。6.free与freelyfree的意思是“免费”;freely的意思是“自由地”。You

can

eat

free

in

my

restaurant.你可以来我的餐馆免费用餐。You

may

speak

freely.你可以自由发言。突破9

起过渡作用的连接副词

有些副词用在句中起过渡作用，如however、

therefore、

nevertheless、

thus、

meanwhile等。There

is

little

chance

that

we

will

succeed

in

changing

the

law.

Nevertheless,

it

is

important

that

we

should

try.

我们成功修改法律的可能性很小。不过，重要的是我们应该尝试。Ⅰ.单项选择1.—The

food

in

the

restaurant

is

great,

isn't

it?—Yes,

it's

fine.

I

just

don't

like

the

environment.

The

music

is

too

___.［2023湖北荆州］CA.talented

B.useful

C.noisy

D.beautiful【解析】根据“I

just

don't

like

the

environment.”可知，此处指音乐太吵了。2.We

are

___

that

the

Great

Wall

is

one

of

the

wonders

of

the

world.［2022江苏连云港］DA.friendly

B.brave

C.nervous

D.proud【解析】根据the

Great

Wall

is

one

of

the

wonders

of

the

world可知，长城是世界奇迹之一，这令我们感到骄傲。3.Hua

Hua,

a

panda

at

the

Chengdu

Research

Base

of

Giant

Panda

Breeding,

is

___

because

of

her

cute

looks.［2023江苏宿迁］AA.popular

B.public

C.proper

D.private【解析】句意：成都大熊猫繁育研究基地的熊猫花花因其可爱的长相而受到欢迎。popular“受到欢迎的”；public“公共的”；proper“正确的”；private“私有的”。4.ChatGPT

can

make

a

plan

___

than

we

do.［2023辽宁营口］DA.much

quickly

B.more

quick

C.even

quick

D.far

more

quickly【解析】根据语境和空格后的than可知，此处应用副词的比较级形式，quickly的比较级是more

quickly，far修饰比较级。5.—Mary

is

___

about

what

she

eats.

She

never

has

junk

food.—A

good

habit.［2023湖北武汉］AA.careful

B.angry

C.nervous

D.relaxed【解析】句意：——Mary对她所吃的东西很小心。她从不吃垃圾食品。——（这是）一个好习惯。be

careful

about为固定搭配，意思是“对……小心”。6.Travelling

by

train

is

slower

than

by

plane，

but

it's

___

than

by

plane.［2022天津］CA.interesting

B.less

interesting

C.more

interesting

D.most

interesting【解析】句意：虽然坐火车旅行比乘飞机慢，但是它比乘飞机更有趣。根据空格后的than可知，此处应用比较级形式，故排除选项A、D；根据语境可知，选项C正确。7.Although

he

failed

many

times，he

___

gave

up

his

dream.［2022天津］BA.nearly

B.never

C.often

D.always【解析】句意：虽然他失败了很多次，但他从未放弃他的梦想。根据句意可知选B。8.—Would

you

like

some

coffee?—No,

thanks.

I

___

drink

it.

I

think

water

is

the

best.［2022云南］BA.often

B.hardly

C.usually

D.always【解析】根据“No,

thanks.”和“I

think

water

is

the

best.”可知，回答的人几乎不喝咖啡。9.I

was

pleased

to

hear

you

arrived

home

___.［2022江苏连云港］DA.widely

B.especially

C.highly

D.safely【解析】根据I

was

pleased可知，此处应指安全到家。10.—If

we

don't

go

in

the

right

direction,

we'll

get

lost

___.—Certainly.

The

proper

direction

is

like

a

light

in

the

dark.［2023新疆］CA.lately

B.quietly

C.easily

D.differently【解析】句意：——如果我们不朝着正确的方向前进，我们很容易迷路。——当然。正确的方向就像黑暗中的一盏灯。

lately

“最近”；quietly“安静地”；easily

“容易地”；

differently“不同地”。11.—Hello,

Jenny,

I

can't

find

my

math

book

___.

Did

you

see

it?—Sorry,

I

didn't.［2021云南］BA.everywhere

B.anywhere

C.somewhere

D.nowhere【解析】根据句意可知，提问者到处找不到数学书。否定句中用anywhere。12.—Lucy,

have

you

got

a

mobile

phone

with

5G?—Yes,

I

think

the

mobile

phone

with

5G

can

send

videos

much

___

than

the

one

with

4G.［2021湖北鄂州］DA.fast

B.fastest

C.the

fastest

D.faster【解析】根据空格后的than可知，此处应用副词的比较级形式。13.It

is

___

than

yesterday.

Shall

we

go

swimming

this

afternoon?DA.the

hottest

B.hot

C.hottest

D.hotter【解析】根据空格后的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。14.—I

like

your

teapot.

It

has

a

very

funny

but

interesting

shape.—Thank

you.

It's

a

work

of

art,

but

it

is

also

___

for

tea

making.［2023江苏扬州］BA.natural

B.practical

C.equal

D.general【解析】句意：——我喜欢你的茶壶。它有一个非常滑稽但有趣的形状。——谢谢，虽然它是一件艺术品，但是它也适合泡茶。natural“天然的”；practical“适用的”；equal“平等的”；general“普遍的”。15.If

I

don't

talk

___,

my

old

grandmother

can't

hear

me.［2023天津］BA.quickly

B.loudly

C.suddenly

D.quietly【解析】句意：如果我不大声说话，我的老奶奶就听不见我（说话）。quickly“快速地”；loudly“大声地”；suddenly“突然地”；quietly“安静地”。16.The

boss

didn't

like

James

because

James

was

not

___

learning

new

things.DA.afraid

of

B.worr