2024秋新教材人教版九年级上册英语Unit 5 Power of Ideas语法知识讲义

第第页2024秋新教材人教版九年级上册英语Unit5PowerofIdeas语法知识讲义📖单元主题：思想的力量——探讨古今发明创造，系统学习被动语态（一般现在时&一般过去时）一、重点单词English中文拓展/变形invention发明；创造inventv.→inventionn.（可数）→inventorn.camera照相机digitalcamera数码相机laptop笔记本电脑lap（大腿）+top（上面）→复数laptopshigh-speed高速的high-speedtrain高铁sunglasses墨镜复数名词；apairofsunglasses一副墨镜mini-微型的；短的（前缀）mini-camera迷你相机；mini-skirt迷你裙button按钮；扣子pressthebutton按按钮produce生产；繁育productn.产品；productionn.生产file（计算机）文件save/openafile保存/打开文件plastic塑料（的）不可数名词；plasticbags塑料袋printer打印机printv.→printern.invent发明；编造inventv.→inventionn.→inventorn.suppose认为；推断supposesb.todosth.；Isupposeso./not.reality现实；事实realadj.→realityn.；inreality=infactpapermaking造纸工艺paper（纸）+making（制作）→中国古代四大发明之一responsible有责任的；作为原因的beresponsiblefor对……负责；responsibilityn.expensive昂贵的反义词cheap；moreexpensive→mostexpensiveideal最合适的；理想的idealadj./n.；idealmethod理想方法widely广泛地；普遍地wideadj.→widelyadv.；widelyused广泛使用communicate交流；沟通communicatewithsb.；communicationn.transport运输；交通工具transportn./v.；publictransport公共交通print打印；印刷printout打印出来；printern.打印机send发送；寄send-sent-sent（不规则）；sendamessage发信息spread传播；散布spread-spread-spread（不变形！）connect连接connect...to/with...把……连接到……affect影响haveaneffecton对……有影响；effectn.achieve实现；达成achievedreams实现梦想；achievementn.change改变changetheworld改变世界；makeachange做出改变thought思想；思考think的过去式/名词；deepthought深思thinker思想家thinkv.→thinkern.二、词汇变形汇总inventv.发明→inventionn.→inventorn.发明家producev.生产→productn.产品→productionn.生产printv.打印→printern.打印机→printingn.印刷realadj.真实的→realityn.现实→realizev.实现responsibleadj.有责任的→responsibilityn.责任wideadj.宽的→widelyadv.广泛地→widthn.宽度communicatev.交流→communicationn.交流achievev.实现→achievementn.成就thinkv.思考→thought（过去式）→thinkern.思想家createv.创造→creativeadj.→creativityn.创造力discoverv.发现→discoveryn.（复数discoveries）send→sent→sent（不规则变化！）spread→spread→spread（不变形！）make→made→made（不规则变化）write→wrote→written（不规则变化）think→thought→thought（不规则变化）find→found→found（不规则变化）三、重点短语creativeideas创意想法talkaboutinventions谈论发明high-speedtrain高铁mobilephone手机apairofsunglasses一副太阳镜beusedfor被用于（做某事）beinventedbysb.由某人发明bemadeby...由……制作beconnectedto被连接到besentacross...被发送跨越……looklike看起来像makehundredsofkindsofdishes做上百种菜肴sendafileto...发送文件到……readthefile读取文件produceanobject制作物品themostusefulinvention最有用的发明travelveryslowly传播得很慢spreadaroundtheworldinseconds在几秒内传遍世界haveabigeffecton对……有很大影响enjoymusicfromartistsaroundtheworld欣赏世界各地艺术家的音乐makeamindmap制作思维导图allovertheworld=aroundtheworld全世界inreality=infact事实上beresponsiblefor对……负责；是……的原因achieveone'sdream实现某人的梦想comeupwith想出（想法/办法）makeabigchange做出巨大改变hundredsof数以百计的inseconds在几秒钟内四、重点句型★Thetelephoneisoneofthemostimportantinventionsinhistory.→电话是历史上最重要的发明之一。（oneof+最高级+复数名词）★PapermakingisoneofthefourgreatinventionsofancientChina.→造纸术是中国古代四大发明之一。★ThetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderBellin1876.→电话由亚历山大·贝尔于1876年发明。（一般过去时被动语态）★Thefileisreadbythe3Dprinterandanobjectisproduced.→文件被3D打印机读取，然后制作出一个物品。（一般现在时被动）★Goodideascanchangepeople'slives.→好的想法能够改变人们的生活。（主动语态）★AmessagewassentacrosstheAtlanticOceaninseconds.→一条信息在几秒钟内被传送跨越大西洋。（被动语态）★Itissupposedthathardworkleadstosuccess.→人们认为努力会带来成功。（Itissupposedthat...主语从句）★Smokingisresponsibleformanydiseases.→吸烟是导致很多疾病的原因。（beresponsiblefor）五、语法知识📌被动语态系统精讲（一般现在时&一般过去时）【一、什么是被动语态？】◆主动语态：主语是动作的执行者→Theboybrokethewindow.◆被动语态：主语是动作的承受者→Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.◆使用场景：不知道动作执行者/强调动作承受者/客观陈述【二、被动语态结构公式】◆核心公式：be+过去分词（be动词随时态变化）◆加by短语引出执行者（可省略）：be+过去分词+(by+执行者)【三、一般现在时被动语态】◆结构：am/is/are+过去分词Englishisspokeninmanycountries.（许多国家说英语）Thefileisreadbythe3Dprinter.（文件被3D打印机读取）Thewindowsarecleanedeveryday.（窗户每天被打扫）◆否定：am/is/are+not+过去分词Englishisnotspokeninthiscountry.◆疑问：Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词?IsEnglishspokeninJapan?—Yes,itis.【四、一般过去时被动语态】◆结构：was/were+过去分词ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.（电话由贝尔于1876年发明）Thewindowwasbrokenyesterday.（窗户昨天被打破了）Thesehouseswerebuiltlastyear.（这些房子是去年建的）◆否定：was/were+not+过去分词Themessagewasnotsentsuccessfully.◆疑问：Was/Were+主语+过去分词?Wasthetelephoneinventedin1876?—Yes,itwas.【五、主动变被动的"三步法"（必考！）】Step1：找出原句的宾语→变为主语Step2：把动词变为"be+过去分词"（be随时态变化）Step3：原句主语变为by短语（可省略）主动：Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.被动：Thetelephonewasinvented(byBell)in1876.【六、被动语态高频考点提醒】◆⚠️不及物动词无被动！（happen,occur,breakout,takeplace等）❌Theaccidentwashappenedyesterday.→✅Theaccidenthappenedyesterday.◆⚠️双宾语动词（give/send/show/tell）变被动，两种均可：Hegavemeabook.→Iwasgivenabook./Abookwasgiventome.◆⚠️make/let/have+宾语+do（主动省to）→被动时to要还原：主动：Hemademelaugh.→被动：Iwasmadetolaugh.（to不能省！）【七、高频不规则动词过去分词（必背）】invent→invented（规则）discover→discovered（规则）make→madewrite→writtensend→sentbreak→brokenbuild→builtspeak→spokenteach→taughtthink→thoughtfind→found巩固练习一、单词/短语填空1.English______(speak)inmanycountriesaroundtheworld.2.Thebook______(write)byafamouswriterlastyear.3.Rice______(grow)inthesouthofChina.4.Thewindow______(break)bythenaughtyboyyesterday.5.Manytrees______(plant)inourschooleveryyear.二、单项选择1.TheGreatWall______bymillionsofpeopleeveryyear.A.visitsB.isvisitedC.wasvisited2.Theletter______byhimyesterday.A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswritten3.Basketball______in1891.A.inventsB.isinventedC.wasinvented4.Thiskindofcar______inGermany.A.makesB.ismadeC.wasmade5.Thehomeworkmust______ontime.A.finishB.befinishedC.finished6.T