英汉互译实践与技巧科技英语翻译

第十三讲科技英语翻译一、教学重点：

1.英语技术词语组成

2.科技英语翻译方法二、教学内容：1.英语技术词语组成2.科技英语句法特点3.科技英语翻译方法1/18Ⅰ.FormationofEnglishTechnicalTerms

英语技术词语组成1.Affixation缀正当：prefixandsuffixminiultrasonicprober=mini+ultra+sonic+prober微型超声波金属探伤仪macrospacetransship=macro+space+trans+ship巨型空间转运飞船teletypesetter=tele+type+setter电传排宇机bathythermograph=bathy+thermo+graph海水测温仪barothermograph=baro+thermo+graph气压温度统计器deoxyribonucleic=de+oxy+ribo+nucleic脱氧核糖核photomoiphogenesis=photo+morpho+genesis光形态发生2/18Ⅰ.FormationofEnglishTechnicalTerms

英语技术词语组成2.Compounding复正当Combiningwithahyphen：salt-former卤素，dew-point露点，pulse-sealer脉冲定标器combiningwithoutahyphen:fallout放射性尘埃，hovercraft气垫船，waterlock水闸，thunderstorm雷暴twoormoreseparatewordsformingawordcombination:verbaltranslator逐字翻译机,satelliteantimissileobservationsystem卫星反导弹观察系统bull’seye(靶心)，cat-and-mouse(航向与指挥)，doghouse(高频高压电源屏蔽罩)3/18Ⅰ.FormationofEnglishTechnicalTerms

英语技术词语组成3.Blending缩正当smog=smoke+fog烟雾brunch=breakfast+lunch早午餐/晚早餐telex=teleprinter+exchange电传gravisphere=gravity+sphere引力范围medicare=medical+care医疗保健biorhythm=biological+rhythm生理节奏copytron=copy+electron电子复写(技术)4/184.Acronym首字母缩略ADPautomaticdataprocessing自动数据处理AIDSAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome艾滋病EDPMelectronicdataprocessingmachine电子数据处理机MOUSE

minimumorbitalunmannedsatelliteof

theearth(仪表载重50千克以下)不载人最小人造地球卫星SALT

StrategicArmsLimitationTalks限制战略武器会谈SNAPsubsystemfornuclearauxiliarypower

(原子)核辅助动力子系统ASairscoop空气搜集器airseasoned风干(木材)airspeed空速、气流速率airstation航空站、飞机场AmericanStandard美国家标准准

atmosphereandspace大气层与宇宙空间5/18Ⅰ.FormationofEnglishTechnicalTerms

英语技术词语组成5.ProperNouns专有名词Xerox静电复制(derivedfromatrademark)IBMSystemIBM系统(derivedfromaUScorporation)Kuru库鲁病(derivedfromaplaceineasternNewGuinea)Alfvenwave阿尔文波(derivedfromtheSwedishastrophysicistHannesAlfven)

6/18Ⅱ.CharacteristicsSyntaxofEST

科技英语句法特点1、MoreLongandComplicatedSentencesOneofthemostimportantthingswhichtheeconomictheoriescancontributetomanagementscienceisbuildinganalyticalmodelswhichhelpinrecognizingthestructureofmanagerialproblems,eliminatingtheminordetailswhichmightobstructdecisionmaking,andmconcentratingonthemainissues.经济理论对于管理科学最主要贡献之一，就是建立分析模型。这种模型有助于认识管理问题组成，排除可能妨碍决议次要原因，从而有利于集中精力去处理主要问题。7/18Ⅱ.CharacteristicsSyntaxofEST

科技英语句法特点2、HighFrequencyofNounPhrases(More

Nominalization)Allsubstanceswillpermitthepassageofsomeelectriccurrent,providedthepotentialdifferenceishighenough.PoorTranslation:只要有足够电位差，全部物体都允许一些电流经过。IdiomaticTranslation:只要有足够电位差，电流便可经过任何物体。8/183、ExtensiveUseofhePassiveVoiceGeneralEnglish：Peoplegetnaturalrubberfromrubbertreesasawhite,milkyliquid,whichiscalledlatex.Theymixitwithacid,anddyit,andthentheysendittocountriesallovertheworld.ChineseVersion:人们从橡胶树中取得天然橡胶。这是一个叫做"乳胶"白色乳状液体。人们先将橡胶与酸混合在一起，将其烘干，然后再运往世界各国。ScientificEnglish:Naturalrubberisobtainedfromrubbertreesasawhite,milkyliquidknownaslatex.Thisistreatedwithacidanddried,beforebeingdispatchedtocountriesallovertheworld.ChineseVersion:天然橡胶一个叫做"乳胶"白色乳状液体取自橡胶树。在运往世界各国之前，橡胶要经过酸处理和烘干。9/184、MoreNon-FiniteFormsoftheVerbTodaytheelectroniccomputeriswidelyusedhisolvingmathematicalproblemshavingtodowithweatherforecastingandputtingsatellitesintoorbit.今天，电子计算机广泛地用于处理一些数学问题，这些问题与天气预报和把卫星送人轨道相关。5、DifferentUsesof

theTenseWhensteamiscondensedagaintowater,thesameamountofheatisgivenoutaswastakeninwhenmesteamwasformed.当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，所释放出热量与其原来形成蒸汽时所吸收热量相等。10/18Ⅱ.CharacteristicsSyntaxofEST

科技英语句法特点6、ThePost-PositionoftheAttributiveTheforceupwardequalstheforcedownwardsothattheballoonstaysatthesameheight.

向上力与向下力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高度。11/18Ⅲ.MethodsofTranslatingEST

科技英语翻译方法1、ExpandingNounPhrasesintoSeparateClauses

Theslightlyporousnatureofthesurfaceoftheoxidefilmallowsittobecoloredwitheitherorganicorinorganicdyes.

氧化膜表面含有轻微渗透性，所以能够用有机或无机染料着色。2、ConvertingNounPhrasesintoVerb-objectStructures

Thebuildingofthesegiantironandsteelworkswillgreatlyacceleratethedevelopmentoftheironandsteelindustryofourcountry.

建立这些大型钢铁厂会大大加速我国钢铁工业发展。12/18Ⅲ.MethodsEmployedintheTranslationofEST科技英语翻译方法3、ConvertingAttributiveElementsintoIndependentSentences,AdverbialClauses,etc.Thisisanelectricalmethod,whichismostpromisingwhenthewaterisbrackish.这是一个电气方法。当水含盐时，它最有希望。4、ConvertingthePassiveintotheActivePlantsandtreesareprovidedbynaturewithfourmeansofdispersingtheirseeds.大自然赋予草木4种传输种子方法。13/18Ⅲ.MethodsEmployedintheTranslationofEST科技英语翻译方法5、SupplementingNecessaryWordstoIndicateDifferentTensesItwasunderstoodthatatomswerethesmallestelements.Itisknownnowthatatomsarefurtherdividedintonucleiandelectrons,neutronsandprotons,etc.

以前人们认为原子是最小结构单元，现在才知道原子还能够分为原子核与电子、中子与质子等。14/18Practice:Pointoutmistakesinthefollowingtranslationandcorrectthem.1.In1872,hepublishedtheresultsinapapertitledTheGalvanicChain,MathematicallyTreated.*在1872年，他用《电流链、数学化处理》为标题在报纸上发表了这个结果。2.Theimportanceofsuperconductorsintheusesofelectricitycannotbeoverestimated.*超导体在电器应用上主要性不能被预计过高。3.Duringonefour-yearperiodabout600yearsagotheBlackDeathkilledatleast25millionpeopleinEurope.*大约600年前，黑死病在4年中最少使2500万欧洲人死亡。4.Thepilotlampstoppedtorepresenttheterminationof1heoperation.*指示灯停顿显示操作终止。15/181.In1872,hepublishedtheresultsinapapertitledTheGalvanicChain,MathematicallyTreated.1872年，他在以《电流链、数学化处理》为标题论文里发表了这个结果。2.Theimportanceofsuperconductorsintheusesofelectricitycannotbeoverestimated.对超导体在电器应用上主要性怎么预计也不