葡萄酒基础知识(中英文)

红酒博www.RedWineB葡萄酒基础知识版本号：10.6.12(持续更新）红酒博www.RedWineB内容概述TableofContents

葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties

葡萄酒的起源OriginsofWine

葡萄酒的酿造Vinification

红白葡萄品种Red&WhiteGrapes

新旧世界对比NewWorldVSOldWorld

葡萄酒的品尝WineTaste

葡萄酒与美食FoodPairings红酒博www.RedWineB1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties什么是葡萄酒What’sWine

葡萄酒就是100%经过发酵的葡萄汁

Wineis100%fermentedgrapejuice酿制葡萄酒神奇的方程式

ThemagicformulaofWinemaking

这个神奇的方程式就是：糖+酵母=酒精+二氧化碳+化合物

Themagicformulais: sugar+yeast=alcohol+co2+chemicalcompound红酒博www.RedWineB1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties按颜色分类ClassifybyColor按酒内糖分

ClassifybySugar按饮用方式

ClassifybyFood红酒博www.RedWineB1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties按颜色分类

Definedbycolor红葡萄酒：带皮发酵

Redwine：Fermentedwithskinsandothersolids白葡萄酒：不带皮发酵

Whitewine:Fermentedwithoutskinandsolids桃红葡萄酒：红葡萄酒短期浸渍

Rosewine:Macerationinshortpiriod红酒博www.RedWineB1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties按酒内糖分

Definedbysugar干葡萄酒

Dry<4g/L半干葡萄酒

Off-dry4g-12g/L半甜葡萄酒

Medium-dry12g-40g/L甜葡萄酒

Sweet>40g/L红酒博www.RedWineB1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties按饮用方式Definedbycourse开胃葡萄酒

AperitifWine佐餐葡萄酒TableWine餐后葡萄酒

DessertWine红酒博www.RedWineB2.葡萄酒的起源OriginsofWine外高加索地区Transcaucasia美索不达米亚

Mesopotamia腓尼基人(1100B.C.开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树）

Phoenicians（StarttotransportvinesaroundEurope)埃及坟墓中的证据

EvidenceinEgyptiantombs红酒博www.RedWineB葡萄酒的简史WineHistory埃及人饮用葡萄酒成了埃及文化精髓的一部分，记录了葡萄酒年份和葡萄园，甚至在套管上课路了酿酒师的名字，在古埃及贵族坟墓里可以找到这些证据。最初只会饮用葡萄酒，后来学会在尼罗河三角洲种植葡萄酒TheEgyptiansdrinkingwinebecameamajorpartofthecultureofEgyptianelite.Recordedvintages,vineyards,evenwinemakernamesontheirclaypots,someofwhichwereplacedinthetombsofthenobility.TheEgyptianswerewinedrinkersfirst,butsoonlearnedtogrowgrapesinthefertileNileRiverdelta红酒博www.RedWineB葡萄酒的简史WineHistory埃及人和腓尼基人是闪族人的两大贸易合作伙伴TwogroupswithwhomtheSumerianstradedweretheEgyptiansandthePhoenicians腓尼基人(1100B.C.开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树）1100B.C.商业社会，开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树

Phoenicians（StarttotransportvinesaroundEurope)1100B.C.MercantilesocietystartedtotransportvinesaroundEurope最出色的航海家。地中海盆地-北非-南欧-西不骆驼岩山,Thefinestseatravelersintheirage.MediterraneanbasinandestablishedcoloniesinnorthAfricaandinsouthernEuropeasfarastheRockofGibraltar.Winedrinkersgo,vinegoestoo红酒博www.RedWineB葡萄酒的简史WineHistory希腊人

Greeks

日常健康饮料socialbeverage

殖民欧洲.带葡萄树回家.贡献：将新葡萄酒品种核心技术引进法国南部，西班牙，最重要的是意大利

ColonizesEurope.Broughtvinestopermanenthome.Contribution:spreadvine,broughtnewgrapesandnewtechniquestosouthernFrance,Spain,andperhapsmostimportantly,tosouthernItaly.

红酒博www.RedWineB葡萄酒的简史WineHistory罗马人对整个欧洲影响深远，用手稿记录了葡萄栽培和酿造，了解土壤，坡度和葡萄园方位的重要性，提高酿酒技术，发展欧洲贸易。对欧洲葡萄区重要贡献，包括：法国勃艮第，波尔多，香槟，阿尔萨斯，隆和谷，卢瓦尔谷，德国莱茵高，奥地利多瑙河流域等。

ItisdifficulttooverstatetheimportanceoftheRomansforthedevelopmentofwinecultureinEurope.TheRomansproducedmanualsdescribinggrapegrowingandwinemaking,understoodtheimportanceofsoil,slopeandvienyardaspect,anddevelopedapan-Europewinetrade红酒博www.RedWineB3.葡萄酒的酿造WineVinification自然条件natural

+天气weather

=微气候uniqueclimate+土壤soil

=“风土”terrior酿造技术vinification选择葡萄品种grapetypes

(最适合“风土”)terrior酿造工艺vinification-种植growing-发酵fermentation-陈酿aging-调配blending地理环境geographic红酒博www.RedWineB“Terrior”这是一个法语词，它的含义广泛，包括葡萄种植区域的传统，气候，土壤，湿度，光照时间，以及酿酒师的技艺等方面。我们把它概括翻译成“风土条件”。正是这个特定的“风土条件”使得每个葡萄种植区域都富有自己的特色。

“Terrior”isaFrenchtermofwineindustry.Itembracesseveralmeaningsincludingthetradition,climate,soil,humidity,sunshineandalltheelementslikethesemakingawine-makingregionuniquetotheotheronesallovertheworld.Atitscoreistheassumptionthatthelandfromwhichthegrapesaregrownimpartsauniquequalitythatisspecifictothatregion.红酒博www.RedWineBFouloirsàrouleaux整串葡萄Wholegrapes压榨press泵pumpPompe泵pump白葡萄whitegrspes澄清容器Racking

tank固体杂质沉淀Deposit

ofsolids发酵罐Fermentation

tank温度控制tempcontrol18-20°C温控发酵Temperature

control葡萄汁流出draining榨汁机crushing添加二氧化硫Additionofsulphurdioxide红酒博www.RedWineB红葡萄Redgrapes去梗DestemmingStems

removed滚筒榨汁机Rollercrusher添加二氧化硫Additionsulphurdioxide泵发酵容器Fermentation

vat葡萄皮和籽的混合物

30°C

Mustat30Pump降温液体Cooling

liquid降温液体Cooling

liquid凉水coldwater降温过程cooling葡萄皮和籽的混合物降温至25°CMustcooledto25°CRemontage榨渣marc葡萄皮和籽的混合物must葡萄榨渣的抽取Sprayingofthemarccap红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesChardonnay葡萄特征

Featuresofgrape

果粒大，黄色，边缘棕色斑点Largeyellowberrieswithbrownspots产量中高Naturallymedium-highyields

红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesChardonnay著名产区

Notableregion勃艮第：风格多样，夏布力,莫尔索，布衣复赛Burgundy,widerangeofstyles,Chablis,Meursault,Pouilly-Fuisse香槟产区（气泡酒）Champagne（sparklingwine)加州：浓郁，橡木风味California:rich,oakystyle澳大利亚：热带水果，橡木风味Australia:tropicalflavors,oaky红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesChardonnay口感Palate中等酸度Mediumacidity中-高酒精度Moderatetohighalcohol中-重酒体Mediumtofull-body极少酿甜酒Rarelyproducedinsweetstyle红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesSauvignonBlanc外观通用描述Appearance葡萄特征Featuresofgrape中等大小果粒Medium-sizedberries高酸，特别茂盛Highnaturalacidity.Particularlyvigorous红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesSauvignonBlanc口感Palate高酸度Highacidity中等酒精度Moderatealcohol中轻酒体Lighttomediumbody AbunchofRieslinggrapesaftertheonsetof noblerot.Thedifferenceincolourbetween affectedandunaffectedgrapesisclearly visiblebotryis干型和甜型Dryandsweetstyles红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesRiesling外观通用描述Appearance葡萄特征Featuresofgrapes果粒小，紧凑Compactclustersofsmallberries萌芽早，晚熟Earlybudding,lategrowing红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties其他常见白葡萄品种：Otherwhitegrapesvarieties麝香：非加强型(芦笋，细腻白肉），加强型(奶油奶酪，冰激凌，水果挞馅饼）Muscat:non-fortifiedwine(asparagus,delicatewhitemeats),fortifiedstyle(creamycheese,icecream,fruittarts)灰皮诺：梨，香料，苹果，花香，柑橘味，配合烤白肉，鹅肉，鸡肝酱，浓郁的奶酪Pinotgris:pear,spice,apple,flora,citrus,pairingswithroastedwhitemeats,goose,chickenliverpate,strongcheese红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties其他常见白葡萄品种：

Otherwhitegrapesvarieties白诗南：甘草，苹果，湿羊毛，花香，搭配山羊奶酪，法式酱和烩牛肉，苹果派CheninBlanc:hay,apple,wetwool,floral,pairingswithgoat’scheese,patesandterrines,applepie.红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesRegionoforigin产地Color色泽Fruitiness水果味Body酒体Dryness口感“干”Aroma香味霞多丽ChardonnayEastFrance法国中部，东部★★★★★★★★★★☆★★★GreenApple,Pineapple,Lemon青苹果，菠萝，柠檬的香味长相思SauvignonBlancSouth,France法国南部★★☆★★★☆★★★★★★☆Leafy,Grass,“Earthy”flavor叶子，青草叶，有如“尘土”的气息雷司令RieslingGermany德国★★★★★★★★★★★★★★Flower,Honey鲜花和蜂蜜的味道红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties

CabernetSauvignon外观通用描述Appearance葡萄特征Featuresofgrapes果串长且松散Looseandlongbunches果皮厚，籽大Thickskin,largepips萌芽晚，晚熟，产量低Latebudding,lateripens,lowyields红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties

PinotNoir外观通用描述Appearance葡萄特征Featuresofgrapes果串紧凑，皮较薄Compactbunches,relativelythin-skinned萌芽早，早熟Earlybudding,earlyripens中等产量Moderateyields红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties

PinotNoir口感Palate中-高酸度Mediumtohighacidity中低单宁Lowtomediumtannins中轻酒体Lighttomediumbody中等酒精度Mediumalcohol红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties

Merlot外观通用描述Appearance果粒大，果串松散Largeberries,loosebunches果皮薄，萌芽早，早熟Thinskin,earlybudding,earlyripens产量比赤霞珠高Higheryieldingthancabernetsauvignon红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties

Shiras外观通用描述Appearance中等大小果粒，果串紧凑Mediumsizedberries,tightbunches萌芽晚，早熟Latebudding,earlyripens中等产量Moderateyields红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties其他常见红葡萄品种：Otherredgrapesvarieties品丽珠：中深宝石红，中等口感，香料，覆盆子，巧克力牛奶味，适合烤肉，胡椒酱牛排CabernetFranc:mediumtodeepruby,mediumpalate,grilledmeats,steakwithpeppersauce金粉带：中深紫色，宝石红，重酒体，高酒精，蓝莓，樱桃，黑色水果，红茶，适合不同口味（亚洲料理，烤野味，黑巧克力）Zinfandel:mediumtodeeppurple/ruby,veryfullbody,highalcohol,pairingswithspicyAsianfood,grilledgame,darkchocolate红酒博www.RedWineB4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties

其他常见红葡萄品种：Otherredgrapesvarieties佳美：中等石榴红，低单宁，轻酒体，花香，糖果，泡泡堂，巧克力，搭配干香肠，火腿，鸡肝酱Gamay:mediumgarnet,lowtannins,lightbody,flowers,candy,bubblegum,chocolate,pairingswithdriedsausage,hamandchickenliverpates红酒博www.RedWineB5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting外观

Appearance

气味

Nose口感

Palate结论

Conclusion红酒博www.RedWineB5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting外观

Appearance澄清度

Clarity

Winecanbebothopaqueandclear颜色的深度DepthofColor

Pale,moderateorintense颜色

Color

Straw,yelloworgold.Brown/red,rubyorpurple红酒博www.RedWineB5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting色泽呈深红色，酒体浑厚的红酒Darkandintenseredcolor,itisafull-bodyredwine酒液呈明显的砖红色，属于酒体适中的红酒Thecolorisbrickred,amedium-bodyred该酒的颜色明显较前两款更浅，属于桃红酒Thecolorisobviouslylighterthantheformertwo,it’saroseone明显的金黄色泽，是酒体浑厚的白葡萄酒Goldyellow,afull-bodywhitewine酒色呈柠檬黄,典型的气泡酒(香槟)Thecolorislemonyellow,atypicalsparkling(Champagne)红酒博www.RedWineB5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting干净

Clearness

Absenceofoff-orders(flaws)气味的浓度Intensityofsmell

Low,mediumorintense特征Character

Fruity,floralorearthy红酒博www.RedWineB5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting葡萄酒的香味并不是单单通过鼻腔来感觉的，各种香气的分子通过口腔达到感官黏膜来感觉气味Thesmellofwineisnotaccessedviathenostrilsalone;volatilearomamoleculesalsoreachtheolfactorymucosathroughthebackoftheoralcavity葡萄酒的香气直接通过鼻孔吸入Directroutetakenbyaromamoleculesviathenostrils香气分子通过口腔后端，从而人体能够感觉到Routetakenbyaromamoleculesviathenasopharynx红酒博www.RedWineB5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting口感Palate

甜味Sweetness

Dry,off-dryorsweet酸味AcidityTinglingsensationonsidesoftongueSourtasteLow,mediumorhigh红酒博www.RedWineB5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting单宁

Tennins

OnlynecessaryinaredtastingnoteDryingsensationonpalateandgumsLow,mediumandhigh酒精AlcoholHeatinthemouthandthroatlow,mediumandhigh回味

Finish

红酒博www.RedWineB5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting1-怎么品酒

Howtotasteawine抿一小口葡萄酒在口中,让口腔中的每一个部位都接触到葡萄酒,吸几口空气,以带出葡萄酒的香味，并细细品味

Sipthewineandletitgoaroundinyourmouth,thentakeinsomeairtooxygenatethewineandfeelthenuancesoftheflavor2-品什么

Whattotaste1-Attackgivenbyacidity

感受葡萄酒特有的酸味给你的第一感觉红酒博www.RedWineB5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting2–Balance

感觉葡萄酒是否平衡3–Body

感觉葡萄酒的酒体4-Endofmouth

感受葡萄酒在嘴里的回味5-LengthStops

感觉回味在口中的延伸感红酒博www.RedWineB5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting结论

Conclusion平衡度

Balance

Harmonyofflavorandotherelements成熟

Maturity

Requiresaging,ready-to-drinkorover-the-hill品质

QualityAssessedusinglength,balanceandrangeofflavorcharacteristics

红酒博www.RedWineB6.葡萄酒与美食Wine&Food基本原则

Basics葡萄酒可以清口Winerefreshesthepalatebetweenbites食物和葡萄酒中的成分相辅相克Elementsinfoodandwinecancomplementordetractfromeachother红配红，白配白Redtored,whitetowhite红酒博www.RedWineB6.葡萄酒与美食Wine&Food基本原则

Basics葡萄酒的酒体与食物的食体搭配Weightofwinematchesweightofdish葡萄酒的风味与食物的风味相得益彰Wineflavormayechowithfoodflavor葡萄酒的风味可以与食物形成对比Wineflavormaycontrastwithfoodflavor复杂的菜配简单的酒，简单的酒配复杂的菜Complexwineswithsimpledishes,simplewinewithmorecomplicateddishes红酒博www.RedWineB6.葡萄酒与美食Wine&Food红酒博www.RedWineB6.葡萄酒与美食Wine&Food