暑假自学课第4讲比较级最高级＋过去完成时（讲义）-2026-2027学年人教版（2012）英语九年级全一册

新九年级暑假自学课人教版2024·暑假衔接专用┌─────────────────────────────┐第4讲形容词/副词比较级·过去完成时└─────────────────────────────┘⊙适用年级：新九年级（八升九）⊙教材版本：人教版2024⊙内容说明：系统复习比较级最高级的所有句型和过去完成时的核心用法

Part1温故知新——形容词/副词比较级与最高级一、比较级和最高级的构成情况变化规则及例词一般单音节词加-er/-est:tall→taller→tallest,fast→faster→fastest以e结尾加-r/-st:nice→nicer→nicest,large→larger→largest辅音+y结尾改y为i加-er/-est:happy→happier→happiest,early→earlier→earliest重读闭音节双写尾字母加-er/-est:big→bigger→biggest,hot→hotter→hottest,thin→thinner→thinnest多音节/部分双音节前加more/most:beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautiful,interesting→moreinteresting→mostinteresting二、不规则变化（中考必背！）原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest注意：farther指"距离上更远"，further还可指"程度上更进一步"（furtherstudy进一步研究）三、比较级基本句型1.A+be+比较级+than+B：A比B更……--TomistallerthanMike./Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.2.比较级+thananyother+单数名词：比任何别的都……（用比较级表达最高级意义）--Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.（=Heisthetalleststudentinhisclass.）3.比较级句型修饰语：much,even,still,alittle,alot,far等可以放在比较级前加强语气。--Thismovieismuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.--Sheiseventallerthanherbrother.4."the+比较级，the+比较级"：越……越……--Themoreyouread,themoreyoulearn.--Theharderyouwork,theluckieryouwillbe.5."比较级+and+比较级"：越来越……--Theweatherisgettinghotterandhotter.--Ourcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.四、最高级基本句型1.A+be+the+最高级+in/of/among...：A是……中最……的--Sheisthebeststudentinourclass.--ThisisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveevervisited.2.oneof+the+最高级+复数名词：最……的之一--TheGreatWallisoneofthemostfamousplacesinChina.3.the+序数词+最高级：第……最……的--TheYangtzeRiveristhethirdlongestriverintheworld.五、同级比较1.as+原级+as：和……一样--Heisastallashisbrother./Sherunsasfastasme.2.notas/so+原级+as：不如……--Thismovieisnotasinterestingasthatone.--Hedoesn'trunsofastashissister.3.倍数表达法：倍数+as+原级+as--Thisroomisthreetimesasbigasthatone.--HeearnstwiceasmuchmoneyasIdo.六、比较级常见易错点1.比较的对象要对等（同类事物才能比较）：--TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofShanghai.（用that代替weather）--ThestudentsinClass1aremoreactivethanthoseinClass2.（用those代替students）2.比较级≠最高级：--Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.（两者间比较，用the+比较级）--Sheisthetallestofthethreesisters.（三者以上，用the+最高级）Part2习新知法——过去完成时&时态综合运用一、过去完成时的核心用法过去完成时（had+过去分词）表示"过去的过去"——在过去的某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作。1.基本句式句式结构例句肯定句主语+had+过去分词WhenIarrived,thetrainhadalreadyleft.否定句主语+hadn't+过去分词Hehadn'tfinishedhishomeworkbefore9:00.疑问句Had+主语+过去分词?HadyoueverbeentoBeijingbefore2020?2.常用时间标志•by+过去时间：Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearned2,000words.•before+过去动作：BeforehecametoChina,hehadstudiedChinesefortwoyears.•after+过去完成时：Afterhehadfinishedhiswork,hewenttobed.•when+一般过去时（主句过去完成时）：WhenIgotthere,hehadalreadyleft.•与already,ever,never,just（在过去之前）连用：Shesaidshehadalreadyseenthemovie.3.过去完成时vs一般过去时（核心区别）一般过去时：发生过去。过去完成时：在"过去的过去"发生。--WhenIarrived,heleft.（我到达时，他离开了——几乎同时）--WhenIarrived,hehadalreadyleft.（我到达时，他已经离开了——在我到达之前他就走了）--Ifinishedmyhomeworkat8:00.（8点时完成了作业）--Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbefore8:00.（8点之前已经完成了作业）4.过去完成时的常见句型①nosooner...than.../hardly...when...（一……就……，主句用过去完成时）--NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.--Hardlyhadheenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.②Bythetime/Bytheendof+过去时间，主语+haddone--BythetimeIwas10,Ihadreadmanybooks.③Itwasthefirst/secondtimethat+主语+haddone--ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadseensuchabeautifulplace.二、延续性动词vs终止性动词（深化）现在完成时中，与since/for连用的动词必须是延续性动词。终止性动词（瞬间动词）不能和一段时间连用，需转化为延续性动词。终止性动词→延续性动词例句buy（买）have（拥有）Ihavehadthisbikeforfiveyears.borrow（借）keep（保管）Hehaskeptthebookfortwoweeks.join（加入）bein/beamemberofShehasbeenintheclubsince2020.leave（离开）beaway(from)Hehasbeenawayfromhomeforthreedays.die（死）bedeadThedoghasbeendeadfortwoyears.begin/start（开始）beonThemoviehasbeenonfor10minutes.arrive/come/reach（到达）behere/bethereHehasbeenhereforanhour.marry（结婚）bemarriedTheyhavebeenmarriedfor20years.fallasleep（入睡）beasleepThebabyhasbeenasleepfortwohours.错误：Hehasboughtthedictionaryforthreeyears.（bought是终止性动词，不能接for）正确：Hehashadthedictionaryforthreeyears.（had是延续性动词）三、初中阶段易混时态综合对比时态对比时态A时态B典型例句一般过去时vs现在完成时Isawthemovieyesterday.（只描述过去）Ihaveseenthemovie.（强调现在了解内容）--一般过去时vs过去完成时Iarrivedat8:00.（8点到达）Ihadarrivedby8:00.（8点前已到达）BythetimeIarrived,theyhadleft.一般将来时vs过去将来时Hesayshewillcome.（从现在看将来）Hesaidhewouldcome.（从过去看将来）ShetoldmeshewouldvisitShanghai.Part3基础巩固一、用所给词的正确形式（比较级/最高级）填空。(1)Tomis______(tall)thanhisbrother.(2)Sheisthe______(good)studentinourclass.(3)Thisbookis______(interesting)thanthatone.(4)Heruns______(fast)inhisschool.(5)Theweatherisgetting______and______(hot).(6)Sheisas______(smart)ashersister.(7)The______(hard)youstudy,the______(good)gradesyouwillget.(8)Whichis______(beautiful),theroseorthelily?(9)Thisisoneof______(popular)songsintheworld.(10)Heismuch______(strong)nowthanbefore.二、单项选择。1.Sheis___thanhersister.A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.thetallest2.Thisis___movieIhaveeverseen.A.good B.better C.best D.thebest3.Themoreyouread,___youwilllearn.A.many B.themore C.most D.themost4.WhenIgottothestation,thetrain___.A.left B.hadleft C.wasleaving D.hasleft5.Ihave___thebookfortwoweeks.A.bought B.buy C.had D.have6.Heis___thananyotherstudentinhisclass.A.smart B.smarter C.smartest D.thesmartest7.Whichis___,thesun,themoonortheearth?A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.thebiggest8.Shehas___theEnglishclubforthreeyears.A.joined B.beenin C.takenpartin D.entered9.BythetimeIwas10,I___Englishforthreeyears.A.learned B.havelearned C.hadlearned D.learn10.Theweatherisgetting___and___.A.warm;warm B.warmer;warmerC.warmest;warmest D.more;morewarm11.ItwasthefirsttimethatI___suchabeautifulplace.A.see B.saw C.hadseen D.haveseen12.___youever___totheGreatWall?A.Did;go B.Have;been C.Have;gone D.Will;go13.Heis___ofthetwobrothers.A.tall B.taller C.thetaller D.tallest14.Thisroomisthreetimesas___asthatone.A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.thebiggest15.Hesaidhe___theworkby6:00thenextday.A.finished B.wouldfinish C.hadfinished D.hasfinished三、改写句子。(1)Tomis1.7m.Mikeis1.7m,too.(同义句)Tomis_________Mike.(2)Sheisthetallestgirlinherclass.(同义句)Sheistallerthan_________girlinherclass.(3)Heboughtthebookthreedaysago.(改为适当形式)He______thebookforthreedays.(4)Ijoinedtheclubin2020.(改为适当形式)I_________theclubsince2020.(5)Thisisaverybeautifulcity.(用最高级改写)Thisis____________cityIhaveevervisited.(6)WhenIarrived,heleft.（改为过去完成时）WhenIarrived,he___already___.四、用since或for填空。(1)______twohours (2)______lastmonth(3)______2020 (4)______fiveyears(5)______Iwasachild (6)______alongtime(7)______Monday (8)______threedaysagoPart4提高挑战一、改错。(1)Heismoretallerthanhisfather.________________(2)Sheisthemostbeautifulergirlinherclass.________________(3)Ihaveborrowedthebookfortwoweeks.________________(4)WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmalreadystarted.________________(5)Theweatherisgettinghotandhot.________________(6)Sheisthetallerofthethreesisters.________________(7)Hehasjoinedthearmysince2020.________________(8)IwillcallyouassoonasIwillgetthere.________________二、完成句子。(1)汤姆比他哥哥高。________________(2)这是我读过的最有趣的书。________________(3)到去年为止，他已经学了2000个英语单词。________________(4)她自从2018年就是英语俱乐部的一员了。________________(5)你越努力，就越幸运。________________(6)电影已经开始10分钟了。________________三、阅读短文，用所给词的正确时态填空。I______(1.be)astudentinGrade8now.BeforeI______(2.enter)middleschool,I______(3.study)inaprimaryschoolforsixyears.I______(4.have)manygoodmemoriesofmyprimaryschoollife.

Lastyear,ourschool______(5.hold)asportsmeeting.ItwasthefirsttimethatI______(6.participate)inthelongjump.Ipracticedhardeveryday.Beforethecompetition,I______(7.practice)forthreeweeks.AlthoughIwasverynervous,I______(8.try)mybest.Tomysurprise,I______(9.win)thefirstprize!Itwasoneof______(10.exciting)momentsinmylife.四、写作。ChangesinMyLife提示：请用比较级和完成时态描述你生活中的变化。内容包括：1.过去和现在的对比（用usedto和比较级）；2.生活中发生的变化（用现在完成时）；3.你的感受。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part5本讲总结核心考点速记【比较级最高级】

比较级：两者比较，than标志，er或more

最高级：三者以上，the标志，est或most，in/of短语表范围

as+原级+as（一样）/notas/so+原级+as（不如）

比较级+and+比较级：越来越……

the+比较级，the+比较级：越……越……

【过去完成时】

结构：had+过去分词（"过去的过去"）

标志词：by+过去时间,before,after,when,already

句型：BythetimeI...,...hadalready...

【延续性动词转化】（重点！）

buy→have,borrow→keep,leave→beaway,join→bein,die→bedead,begin→