（2027年春）八年级下册英语知识点总结（2024修订人教版）

2024修订版人教版八年级英语下册各单元知识点总结完整版颜色标注说明：红色=核心语法蓝色=重要句型绿色=重点短语紫色=易错点

Unit1TimetoRelax■话题：休闲时光、兴趣爱好、课余活动一、重点单词•relaxv.放松；休息•hobbyn.爱好•collectv.收集•collectionn.收藏品•stampn.邮票•coinn.硬币•paintv.画画n.油漆•drawingn.绘画•chessn.国际象棋•puzzlen.谜；拼图•preferv.更喜欢•choosev.选择•decidev.决定•enjoyv.享受；喜欢•boredadj.无聊的•interestingadj.有趣的•relaxingadj.令人放松的•activityn.活动•freeadj.空闲的；免费的•spendv.花费（时间/金钱）二、重点短语•timetorelax该放松了•inone'sfreetime在某人的空闲时间•collectstamps收集邮票•playchess下国际象棋•playthepiano弹钢琴•playtheguitar弹吉他•dopuzzles玩拼图•takephotos拍照•listentomusic听音乐•readcomics看漫画•watchcartoons看动画片•playvideogames玩电子游戏•preferdoingAtodoingB比起B更喜欢A•spendtimedoingsth.花时间做某事•enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事三、重点句型1.—Whatdoyouliketodoinyourfreetime?—Ilikecollectingstamps.2.—What'syourhobby?—Myhobbyisplayingtheguitar.3.—Doyoupreferreadingorpainting?—Ipreferreading.4.—Whydoyouenjoyplayingchess?—Becauseit'sinteresting.5.—Iwanttolearnhowtoplaythepiano.6.—Shespendstwohoursdrawingpictureseveryweekend.7.—Idon'tknowwhattodothisweekend.8.—Let'sfindsomethingfuntodo!四、语法要点1.动词不定式作宾语（核心语法）：wanttodosth.想要做某事decidetodosth.决定做某事choosetodosth.选择做某事learntodosth.学习做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事2.疑问词+动词不定式（核心语法）：whattodo做什么howtodoit怎么做wheretogo去哪里whentostart何时开始whichtochoose选哪个3.prefer的用法：preferAtoB（比起B更喜欢A）preferdoingAtodoingB4.spend的用法：spendtime/moneydoingsth.花时间/金钱做某事spendtime/moneyonsth.花时间/金钱在某事上五、易错点1.enjoy后接动名词：enjoydoing（不是enjoytodo）2.prefer后用to连接：preferAtoB（不是preferAthanB）3.spenddoingsth.（用-ing形式，不是spendtodo）4.decidetodo（不定式），不接doing5.疑问词+todo结构中to不可省略：Idon'tknowwhattodo6.freetime中的free指"空闲的"，不是"自由的"或"免费的"7.bored（人感到无聊）vsboring（事物令人无聊）━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

Unit2StayHealthy■话题：健康与安全、身体保健、就医用语一、重点单词•healthn.健康•healthyadj.健康的•unhealthyadj.不健康的•stomachachen.胃痛•headachen.头痛•toothachen.牙痛•fevern.发烧•coughn.&v.咳嗽•coldn.感冒•medicinen.药•doctorn.医生•patientn.病人•hurtv.疼痛；受伤•restn.&v.休息•exercisev.锻炼n.运动•dietn.饮食•habitn.习惯•safeadj.安全的•dangern.危险•injurev.受伤•cutv.切；割n.伤口•burnv.烧伤n.烧伤二、重点短语•stayhealthy保持健康•haveacold感冒•haveafever发烧•haveacough咳嗽•haveastomachache胃痛•haveaheadache头痛•haveatoothache牙痛•gotoseeadoctor去看医生•takemedicine吃药•takearest休息一下•doexercise做运动•eatabalanceddiet饮食均衡•drinkplentyofwater多喝水•stayuplate熬夜•lookafteroneself照顾自己•protectoneself保护自己三、重点句型1.—What'sthematter(withyou)?—Ihaveaheadache.2.—What'swrongwithyou?—Ihaveastomachache.3.—Youshoulddrinkmorewaterandhaveagoodrest.4.—Youshouldn'teattoomuchjunkfood.5.—ShouldItakethismedicine?—Yes,youshould.6.—Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?—Fortwodays.7.—Takecareofyourselfandstayhealthy!8.—Hehurthimselfwhileplayingfootball.四、语法要点1.should/shouldn't表建议（核心语法）：肯定句：Youshoulddrinkmorewater.（你应该多喝水）否定句：Youshouldn'teattoomuchsugar.（你不该吃太多糖）疑问句：ShouldItakethismedicine?（我应该吃这个药吗？）回答：Yes,youshould./No,youshouldn't.2.反身代词（核心语法）：myself我自己yourself你自己himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他们自己3.反身代词常用搭配：enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得开心lookafteroneself照顾自己hurtoneself伤到自己teachoneself自学4.What'sthematter(with...)?=What'swrong(with...)?怎么了？五、易错点1.should后接动词原形：shoulddrink（不是shouldtodrink）2.反身代词与主语保持一致：Shehurtherself（不是Shehurthimself）3.haveaheadache/stomachache中用have，不用get4.takemedicine（吃药），不用eatmedicine或drinkmedicine5.toomuch+不可数名词：toomuchsugar；toomany+可数名词复数6.healthy（形容词，健康的）vshealth（名词，健康）7.stayhealthy中stay是系动词，后接形容词━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

Unit3GrowingUp■话题：成长中的烦恼、人际交往、建议与沟通一、重点单词•growv.成长；生长•growup长大•problemn.问题；烦恼•worryn.&v.担心•arguev.争吵•argumentn.争论•communicatev.交流•communicationn.交流•understandv.理解•advicen.建议•suggestv.建议•allowv.允许•refusev.拒绝•dealv.处理•pressuren.压力•stressedadj.有压力的•nervousadj.紧张的•lonelyadj.孤独的•fairadj.公平的•unfairadj.不公平的•repairv.修理二、重点短语•growup长大•arguewithsb.与某人争吵•communicatewithsb.与某人交流•dealwith处理；应付•workout解决；算出•getonwellwith与...相处融洽•givesb.someadvice给某人一些建议•worryabout担心•bestressedout压力很大•beangrywithsb.生某人的气•saysorrytosb.向某人道歉•allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事•refusetodosth.拒绝做某事•haveatalk谈一谈•makeadecision做决定三、重点句型1.—WhatshouldIdo?—Youcouldtalktoyourparents.2.—Whydon'tyoutalktoyourfriend?—That'sagoodidea.3.—Whynotaskyourteacherforhelp?—Soundsgreat.4.—Howaboutwritingalettertohim?—Goodidea.5.—You'dbettercommunicatewithyourparents.6.—Iarguedwithmybestfriend.WhatshouldIdo?7.—Herefusestotalktome.WhatcanIdo?8.—Myparentsdon'tallowmetoplaycomputergames.四、语法要点1.could表建议（核心语法）：could比should语气更委婉、客气Youcouldtalktoyourparents.（你可以和父母谈谈）Youcouldtrytomakefriendswithhim.（你可以试着和他交朋友）2.Whydon'tyou...?句型（核心语法）：Whydon'tyou+动词原形?=Whynot+动词原形?Whydon'tyoutalktohim?=Whynottalktohim?3.表建议的其他句型：Howabout/Whatabout+doingsth.?You'dbetter(not)+动词原形Let's+动词原形4.allowsb.todosth.（允许某人做某事）beallowedtodosth.（被允许做某事-被动语态）五、易错点1.advice是不可数名词：someadvice（不是anadvice或advices）2.Whydon'tyou后接动词原形，不加to（不是Whydon'tyoutotalk）3.Howabout后接doing：Howabouttalking（不是Howabouttalk）4.arguewithsb.（与某人争吵），不用arguetosb.5.allowsb.todo（允许做），被动形式beallowedtodo6.dealwith（处理）中的deal过去式是dealt7.communication是名词，communicate是动词━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

Unit4TheWondersofNature■话题：自然奇观、旅行经历、风景名胜一、重点单词•wondern.奇观v.想知道•wonderfuladj.极好的•naturen.自然•naturaladj.自然的•mountainn.山•waterfalln.瀑布•forestn.森林•desertn.沙漠•laken.湖•rivern.河流•oceann.海洋•islandn.岛屿•caven.洞穴•sceneryn.风景•viewn.景色；视野•travelv.旅行•tripn.旅行•journeyn.旅程•experiencen.经历v.经历•amazingadj.令人惊叹的•breathtakingadj.令人叹为观止的•explorev.探索二、重点短语•thewondersofnature自然奇观•have/hasbeento去过（某地）•have/hasgoneto去了（某地）•goonatrip去旅行•takephotos拍照•enjoythescenery欣赏风景•travelaround周游•explorethecave探索洞穴•befamousfor因...而闻名•beinterestedin对...感兴趣•inthesouth/northof在...的南部/北部•millionsof数百万的•beamazedat对...感到惊叹•naturalbeauty自然之美三、重点句型1.—HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?—Yes,Ihave.2.—HasshebeentoMountTai?—No,shehasn't.3.—Wherehaveyoubeen?—I'vebeentoBeijing.4.—HehasgonetoShanghai.He'llbebacknextweek.5.—Ihaveneverbeentoanislandbefore.6.—Thescenerythereisbreathtaking!7.—It'soneofthemostamazingnaturalwondersintheworld.8.—Wehadawonderfulexperienceexploringtheforest.四、语法要点1.现在完成时have/hasbeento（核心语法）：表示"曾经去过某地"（已返回）IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.（我去过上海两次）ShehasbeentotheUSA.（她去过美国）2.have/hasbeento与have/hasgoneto的区别：have/hasbeento：去过（已回来）have/hasgoneto：去了（还没回来）HehasbeentoLondon.（他去过伦敦，已回来）HehasgonetoLondon.（他去了伦敦，还没回来）3.现在完成时的结构：have/has+过去分词规则变化：play→played,visit→visited,travel→travelled不规则变化：go→gone,see→seen,be→been,do→done4.ever和never用于现在完成时：Haveyoueverbeento...?（你曾经去过...吗？）Ihaveneverbeento...（我从没去过...）五、易错点1.havebeento（去过，已回）vshavegoneto（去了，未回）2.第三人称单数用has：Hehasbeento...（不是Hehavebeento）3.been是be的过去分词，不是go的过去分词（go→gone）4.ever用于疑问句，never用于否定句5.millionsof（数百万的），但twomillion（不加of和s）6.befamousfor（因...出名）vsbefamousas（作为...出名）7.scenery是不可数名词，不加a也不加s━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

Unit5Nature'sTemper■话题：自然灾害、突发事件、过去进行时一、重点单词•tempern.脾气；情绪•earthquaken.地震•floodn.洪水•stormn.暴风雨•typhoonn.台风•rainstormn.暴雨•snowstormn.暴风雪•lightningn.闪电•thundern.雷声•windn.风•rainheavily下大雨•destroyv.破坏；摧毁•damagen.&v.损害•rescuev.&n.营救•safeadj.安全的•dangern.危险•suddenadj.突然的•suddenlyadv.突然地•happenv.发生•strikev.袭击二、重点短语•nature'stemper自然的脾气（指自然灾害）•atthattime在那时•atthistimeyesterday昨天这个时候•at8:00lastnight昨晚8点•whentheearthquakehappened地震发生时•whileIwassleeping当我睡觉时•rainheavily下大雨•blowstrongly风刮得很大•dosomecleaning做清洁•takeshelter躲避•indanger处于危险中•outofdanger脱离危险•runaway逃跑•callforhelp呼救•calmdown冷静下来三、重点句型1.—Whatwereyoudoingat8:00lastnight?—Iwasdoingmyhomework.2.—Whatwashedoingwhentherainstormcame?—Hewasreadingabook.3.—Wereyousleepingatthattime?—Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.4.—WhileIwaswalkinghome,itstartedtorain.5.—Whentheearthquakehappened,peoplewererunningoutofbuildings.6.—Thestormdestroyedmanyhousesyesterday.7.—Weshouldstaycalmwhendangercomes.8.—Itwasrainingheavilywhenwearrived.四、语法要点1.过去进行时was/were+doing（核心语法）：表示过去某时刻/某时段正在进行的动作Iwasreadingat8:00lastnight.（昨晚8点我正在看书）Theywereplayingfootballatthattime.（那时他们正在踢足球）2.过去进行时的句式变化：否定句：Iwasn'treading./Theyweren'tplaying.疑问句：Wereyoureading?/Washeplaying?回答：Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.3.when和while引导的时间状语从句：when+一般过去时（短暂性动作）：WhenIcamein,hewasreading.while+过去进行时（延续性动作）：WhileIwassleeping,thephonerang.4.when与while的区别：when可接短暂性或延续性动词while通常接延续性动词，强调两个动作同时进行五、易错点1.was用于I/he/she/it，were用于we/you/they2.过去进行时要用was/were+doing，不能只用did3.while从句中通常用延续性动词，不用短暂性动词正确：WhileIwasreading...（不是WhileIarrived）4.happen（发生）没有被动语态：Theearthquakehappened（不用washappened）5.atthattime指过去某时刻，用过去进行时6.destroy（摧毁）后直接接宾语，不需要介词7.calmdown（冷静下来），down是副词不是介词━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

Unit6CrossingCultures■话题：跨文化交流、文化差异、中外习俗一、重点单词•culturen.文化•culturaladj.文化的•crossv.穿越n.十字•customn.习俗；风俗•traditionn.传统•traditionaladj.传统的•differencen.差异•differentadj.不同的•foreignadj.外国的•foreignern.外国人•greetingn.问候•bowv.鞠躬•shakev.摇晃；握手•hugv.&n.拥抱•kissv.&n.亲吻•politeadj.礼貌的•impoliteadj.不礼貌的•respectv.&n.尊重•exchangev.&n.交流•acceptv.接受•mannern.方式；礼貌二、重点短语•crosscultures跨文化交流•shakehands握手•bowtosb.向某人鞠躬•givesb.ahug给某人一个拥抱•culturaldifferences文化差异•traditionalfestival传统节日•bedifferentfrom与...不同•besimilarto与...相似•bepolitetosb.对某人有礼貌•showrespecttosb.对某人表示尊重•exchangeideas交流想法•acceptdifferentcultures接受不同文化•havebeento去过（某地）•learnabout了解•makefriendswith与...交朋友三、重点句型1.—HaveyoueverlearnedaboutChineseculture?—Yes,Ihave.2.—Whatarethegreetingcustomsinyourcountry?—Weshakehands.3.—InChina,peopleusuallyboworshakehandswhentheymeet.4.—Insomecountries,peoplehugorkisswhentheygreeteachother.5.—It'spolitetosayhellowhenyoumeetsomeone.6.—Culturaldifferencescancausemisunderstandings.7.—Weshouldrespectdifferentculturesandcustoms.8.—IhavebeeninterestedinforeignculturessinceIwasyoung.四、语法要点1.现在完成时（复习与巩固）：have/has+过去分词，表示已完成或经验IhavelearnedaboutJapaneseculture.（我已经了解了日本文化）Shehasvisitedmanyforeigncountries.（她去过很多国家）2.现在完成时+since/for：since+时间点：since2020,sinceIwasyoungfor+时间段：forthreeyears,foralongtime3.固定搭配与习惯用语：shakehands(withsb.)（与某人握手）bedifferentfrom（与...不同）besimilarto（与...相似）bepolitetosb.（对某人有礼貌）It's+adj.+todosth.（做某事是...的）4.should表建议（复习）：Weshouldrespectdifferentcultures.五、易错点1.shakehands中hands用复数（两只手），但实际是一只手2.manners（礼貌/礼仪）用复数形式表"礼貌行为"3.bedifferentfrom（不是bedifferentwith）4.foreigner是名词（外国人），foreign是形容词（外国的）5.since后接时间点，for后接时间段6.polite（礼貌的）→impolite（不礼貌的），注意加im-不是un-7.custom（习俗）vshabit（个人习惯），custom指群体习俗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

Unit7AGoodRead■话题：文学作品、阅读习惯、过去完成时一、重点单词•readn.好读物v.读•readern.读者•bookn.书•noveln.小说•storyn.故事•charactern.角色；人物•authorn.作者•writern.作家•poemn.诗歌•poetn.诗人•chaptern.章节•pagen.页•libraryn.图书馆•borrowv.借入•lendv.借出•returnv.归还•finishv.完成•beginv.开始•writev.写•describev.描述•interestingadj.有趣的•movingadj.感人的二、重点短语•agoodread一本好书/好读物•borrow...from...从...借...•lend...to...把...借给...•returnthebook还书•finishreading读完•beginwith以...开始•endwith以...结束•bythetime到...时候•beforedoingsth.在做某事之前•afterdoingsth.在做某事之后•writeabout写关于•talkabout谈论•bebasedon基于•beinterestedin对...感兴趣•apieceofwriting一篇作品三、重点句型1.—Whatbookhaveyoureadrecently?—I'vereadJourneytotheWest.2.—BythetimeIgottothelibrary,ithadclosed.3.—ShehadfinishedreadingthenovelbeforeIcamehome.4.—WhenIarrived,theyhadalreadystartedthediscussion.5.—Hadyoureadthebookbeforeyousawthemovie?—Yes,Ihad.6.—Iborrowedaninterestingnovelfromthelibraryyesterday.7.—Thestoryisaboutabraveyoungboy.8.—Canyoulendmeyourbook?—Sure,hereyouare.四、语法要点1.过去完成时had+过去分词（核心语法）：表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作即"过去的过去"ShehadfinishedthebookbeforeIcame.（在我来之前她已经读完了书）BythetimeIarrived,themoviehadstarted.（到我到达时电影已经开始了）2.过去完成时的句式变化：否定句：hadnot(hadn't)+过去分词疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词?回答：Yes,主语+had./No,主语+hadn't.3.常与过去完成时搭配的时间状语：bythetime+一般过去时（到...时候）before+一般过去时（在...之前）after+一般过去时（在...之后，主句用过去完成时）4.borrow与lend的区别：borrowsth.fromsb.（从某人处借入）lendsth.tosb.=lendsb.sth.（把某物借给某人）五、易错点1.过去完成时必须有参照的过去时间，不能单独使用2.had是助动词，所有人称都用had（不分was/were）3.borrow（借入）→borrowfrom；lend（借出）→lendto4.finish后接doing：finishreading（不是finishtoread）5.bythetime后接一般过去时，主句用过去完成时6.reader是名词（读者），read可作名词指"好读物"7.already用于肯定句，yet用于疑问句和否定句━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

Unit8MakingaDifference■话题：志愿者活动、奉献社会、改变世界一、重点单词•differencen.差异；影响•makeadifference产生影响•volunteern.志愿者v.自愿•helpv.&n.帮助•helpfuladj.有帮助的•homelessadj.无家可归的•disabledadj.残疾的•elderlyadj.年老的•communityn.社区•charityn.慈善•donatev.捐赠•raisev.筹集；举起•supportv.&n.支持•carev.关心n.照顾•sharev.分享•encouragev.鼓励•achievev.实现；达到•successn.成功•successfuladj.成功的•meaningfuladj.有意义的•proudadj.骄傲的•changev.&n.改变二、重点短语•makead