高中英语必修4unit4语法V-ing作状语讲解

Unit4ThePresentParticipleasAdverbial（现在分词做状语）Ⅰ.RevisionofIng’sfunction:1.Thesleepingboyisdisturbed.2.Isawtheboycheatingintheexam.3.Seeingisbelieving.4.Myjobisteaching.5.Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.AttributeObjectivecomplementSubjectPredicativeObjectⅡ.课文中出现的Ing句子，分析其所做的成分。Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously

Istoodforaminutewatchingthemandwenttogreetthem.3.Shesteppedbackappearingsurprised…4.ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling,togetherwith…5.WhenDarleneCoulonfromFrancecamedashingthroughthedoor.状语描述动词=副词1.Assoonastheyheardthebell,they

rushedoutoftheroom.=Hearingthebell,

theyrushedoutof….2.Ashewasrathersleepy,hedidn’thearthebell.Beingrathersleepy,hedidn’t

hearthebell.was-be-being3.Ashedidn’thearthebell,hedidn’t

rushedoutoftheclassroom.Nothearingthebell,hedidn’t

rushedoutoftheclassroom.动词的-ing形式可以作状语,否定式：Not+doing/being

Ⅲ.ThePresentParticipleasAdverbial1)表方式、伴随情况地状语：Theywentintotheclassroomlaughingandtalking.(theywentintotheclassroom,andlaughedandtalked.)Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Havingfinishedhishomework,hebegantoplaycomputergames.(=Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hebegantoplaycomputergames.)2）表时间状语3)表原因状语

Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.)4)表条件Workinghard,youwilldowellintheexam.Ifyouworkhard,youwilldowellintheexam.5)表结果Unfortunatelythefatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.Unfortunatelythefatherdiedandleftthefamilyevenworseoff.注意：现在分词与不定式都可作结果状语，试比较：Theircarwascaughtinatraffic,causingthedelay.Hehurriedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed.

现在分词作结果状语，表示自然结果，不定式作状语，表示出乎意料的结果。

试判断下列状语:1.Tomlefthomequiteearly,hopinghecouldcatchthefirstbus.

...,andhoped…

2.Notknowingwhattodo,weaskedMr.Smithforsomeadvice.

Becausewedidn’tknow…3.Arrivingatthestation,hefoundthetrainhadleft.

Whenhearrivedat…

（伴随/方式）（原因）（时间）Ⅳ.现在分词作状语其形式变化现在分词作状语要注意它的各种形式变化:主动形式被动形式

V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed

一般式完成式

Afterhehadcomeoutofprison,hecouldn’tliveinpeace.

Havingcomeoutofprison,hecouldn’tliveinpeace.如果要强调动词-ing的动作(comeoutofprison)发生在谓语动词(live)之前，常用-ing的完成式。doing-havingdone

Aswehadn’tfinishedtheexperiment,weplannedtocarryitonlater.

Nothavingfinishedtheexperiment,weplannedtocarryitonlater.Nothavingdone/been1.WhilewatchingTV,____________.A.thedoorbellrang.

B.weheardthedoorbellring.B.2.____fromthetopofthemountain,the

cityismorebeautiful.A.SeeingB.SeenB.用-ing作状语，ing的逻辑主语与句子主语必须保持一致。3.Hearingthenews,____.

A.tearscametohereyesB.SheburstintotearsB.试判断下列句子正误:WhilewatchingTV,Iheardthebellrang.WhilewatchingTV,thebellrang.TWhileIwaswatchingTV,Iheardthebellrang.FWhileIwaswatchingTV,thebellrang.注意：现在分词与过去分词都可作状语，如何区别？试比较：Seeingfromthemountain,wefindthecityisSmall.Seenfromthemountain,thecityissmall.现在分词与过去分词做状语，主要看句子的主语与分词的关系。如果是主动关系，用现在分词，如果是动宾关系，用过去分词。Ⅴ.

独立主格结构动词ing形式的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致怎么办？

Ifweatherpermits,we’llhaveanoutingnextweek.

Weatherpermitting,we’llhaveanoutingnextweek.(表条件)

独立主格结构：名词/代词+非谓语非谓语的形式只与在它前面的名词或代词有关Ⅵ.独立成分：有些现在分词作状语，在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly…)speaking,supposing(假设),judgingfrom(从…判断),talkingof（谈到),speakingof(谈到)，considering(考虑到……,鉴于……)等。1.Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.2.Supposingyoulose,whatwillyoudo?3.Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.4.Talkingoftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?归纳总结：动词的ing形式作状语：相当于相应的状语从句动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语与句子主语必须一致动词的-ing形式与句子主语之间构词主动关系1.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_________thebreakfastuntouched.

left

B.toleave C.leaving D.havingleft2.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,

_____alongspeechforthepresident.toprepare

B.preparingC.

prepared

D.waspreparing【模拟练习】3.Thetrainerappeared,_______bysixlittledogs.4.______moreencouragement,theboycouldhavebehavedbetter.

A.GivenB.GivingC.Give

D.havinggiven

A.tofollowedB.followingC.followedD.havingfollowed5.Pressedfromhisparents,and______thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.realizing