计算机视觉技术及应用阅读

常用的机器学习术语英文术语中文翻译0-1LossFunction0-1损失函数Accept-RejectSamplingMethod接受-拒绝抽样法/接受-拒绝采样法AccumulatedErrorBackpropagation累积误差反向传播Accuracy精度AcquisitionFunction采集函数Action动作ActivationFunction激活函数ActiveLearning主动学习AdaptiveBitrateAlgorithm自适应比特率算法AdaptiveBoostingAdaBoostAdaptiveGradientAlgorithmAdaGradAdaptiveMomentEstimationAlgorithmAdam算法AdaptiveResonanceTheory自适应谐振理论AdditiveModel加性模型AffinityMatrix亲和矩阵Agent智能体Algorithm算法Alpha-BetaPruningα-β修剪法AnomalyDetection异常检测ApproximateInference近似推断AreaUnderROCCurveAUCArtificialIntelligence人工智能ArtificialNeuralNetwork人工神经网络ArtificialNeuron人工神经元Attention注意力AttentionMechanism注意力机制Attribute属性AttributeSpace属性空间Autoencoder自编码器AutomaticDifferentiation自动微分AutoregressiveModel自回归模型BackPropagation反向传播BackPropagationAlgorithm反向传播算法BackPropagationThroughTime随时间反向传播BackwardInduction反向归纳BackwardSearch反向搜索BagofWords词袋Bandit赌博机/老虎机BaseLearner基学习器BaseLearningAlgorithm基学习算法Baseline基准Batch批量BatchNormalization批量规范化BayesDecisionRule贝叶斯决策准则BayesModelAveraging贝叶斯模型平均BayesOptimalClassifier贝叶斯最优分类器Bayes'Theorem贝叶斯定理BayesianDecisionTheory贝叶斯决策理论BayesianInference贝叶斯推断BayesianLearning贝叶斯学习BayesianNetwork贝叶斯网/贝叶斯网络BayesianOptimization贝叶斯优化BeamSearch束搜索Benchmark基准BeliefNetwork信念网/信念网络BeliefPropagation信念传播BellmanEquation贝尔曼方程BernoulliDistribution伯努利分布BetaDistribution贝塔分布Between-ClassScatterMatrix类间散度矩阵BFGSBFGSBias偏差/偏置BiasInAffineFunction偏置BiasInStatistics偏差BiasShift偏置偏移Bias-VarianceDecomposition偏差-方差分解Bias-VarianceDilemma偏差-方差困境BidirectionalRecurrentNeuralNetwork双向循环神经网络Bigram二元语法BilingualEvaluationUnderstudyBLEUBinaryClassification二分类BinomialDistribution二项分布BinomialTest二项检验BoltzmannDistribution玻尔兹曼分布BoltzmannMachine玻尔兹曼机BoostingBoostingBootstrapAggregatingBaggingBootstrapSampling自助采样法Bootstrapping自助法/自举法Break-EventPoint平衡点Bucketing分桶CalculusofVariations变分法Cascade-Correlation级联相关CatastrophicForgetting灾难性遗忘CategoricalDistribution类别分布Cell单元ChainRule链式法则ChebyshevDistance切比雪夫距离Class类别Class-Imbalance类别不平衡Classification分类ClassificationAndRegressionTree分类与回归树Classifier分类器Clique团Cluster簇ClusterAssumption聚类假设Clustering聚类ClusteringEnsemble聚类集成Co-Training协同训练CodingMatrix编码矩阵CollaborativeFiltering协同过滤CompetitiveLearning竞争型学习Comprehensibility可解释性ComputationGraph计算图ComputationalLearningTheory计算学习理论ConditionalEntropy条件熵ConditionalProbability条件概率ConditionalProbabilityDistribution条件概率分布ConditionalRandomField条件随机场ConditionalRisk条件风险Confidence置信度ConfusionMatrix混淆矩阵ConjugateDistribution共轭分布ConnectionWeight连接权Connectionism连接主义Consistency一致性ConstrainedOptimization约束优化ContextVariable上下文变量ContextVector上下文向量ContextWindow上下文窗口ContextWord上下文词ContextualBandit上下文赌博机/上下文老虎机ContingencyTable列联表ContinuousAttribute连续属性ContrastiveDivergence对比散度Convergence收敛ConvexOptimization凸优化ConvexQuadraticProgramming凸二次规划Convolution卷积ConvolutionalKernel卷积核ConvolutionalNeuralNetwork卷积神经网络CoordinateDescent坐标下降Corpus语料库CorrelationCoefficient相关系数CosineSimilarity余弦相似度Cost代价CostCurve代价曲线CostFunction代价函数CostMatrix代价矩阵Cost-Sensitive代价敏感Covariance协方差CovarianceMatrix协方差矩阵CriticalPoint临界点CrossEntropy交叉熵CrossValidation交叉验证CurseofDimensionality维数灾难CuttingPlaneAlgorithm割平面法DataMining数据挖掘DataSet数据集Davidon-Fletcher-PowellDFPDecisionBoundary决策边界DecisionFunction决策函数DecisionStump决策树桩DecisionTree决策树Decoder解码器Decoding解码Deconvolution反卷积DeconvolutionalNetwork反卷积网络Deduction演绎DeepBeliefNetwork深度信念网络DeepBoltzmannMachine深度玻尔兹曼机DeepConvolutionalGenerativeAdversarialNetwork深度卷积生成对抗网络DeepLearning深度学习DeepNeuralNetwork深度神经网络DeepQ-Network深度Q网络Delta-Bar-DeltaDelta-Bar-DeltaDenoising去噪DenoisingAutoencoder去噪自编码器DenoisingScoreMatching去躁分数匹配DensityEstimation密度估计Density-BasedClustering密度聚类Derivative导数Determinant行列式DiagonalMatrix对角矩阵DictionaryLearning字典学习DimensionReduction降维DirectedEdge有向边DirectedGraphicalModel有向图模型DirectedSeparation有向分离DirichletDistribution狄利克雷分布DiscriminativeModel判别式模型Discriminator判别器DiscriminatorNetwork判别网络DistanceMeasure距离度量DistanceMetricLearning距离度量学习DistributedRepresentation分布式表示Diverge发散Divergence散度Diversity多样性DiversityMeasure多样性度量/差异性度量DomainAdaptation领域自适应DominantStrategy主特征值DominantStrategy占优策略DownSampling下采样Dropout暂退法DropoutBoosting暂退BoostingDropoutMethod暂退法DualProblem对偶问题DummyNode哑结点DynamicBayesianNetwork动态贝叶斯网络DynamicProgramming动态规划EarlyStopping早停Eigendecomposition特征分解Eigenvalue特征值Element-WiseProduct逐元素积Embedding嵌入EmpiricalConditionalEntropy经验条件熵EmpiricalDistribution经验分布EmpiricalEntropy经验熵EmpiricalError经验误差EmpiricalRisk经验风险EmpiricalRiskMinimization经验风险最小化Encoder编码器Encoding编码End-To-End端到端EnergyFunction能量函数Energy-BasedModel基于能量的模型EnsembleLearning集成学习EnsemblePruning集成修剪Entropy熵Episode回合Epoch轮Error误差ErrorBackpropagationAlgorithm误差反向传播算法ErrorBackpropagation误差反向传播ErrorCorrectingOutputCodes纠错输出编码ErrorRate错误率Error-AmbiguityDecomposition误差－分歧分解Estimator估计/估计量EuclideanDistance欧氏距离Evidence证据EvidenceLowerBound证据下界ExactInference精确推断Example样例Expectation期望ExpectationMaximization期望最大化ExpectedLoss期望损失ExpertSystem专家系统ExplodingGradient梯度爆炸ExponentialLossFunction指数损失函数Factor因子Factorization因子分解Feature特征FeatureEngineering特征工程FeatureMap特征图FeatureSelection特征选择FeatureVector特征向量FeaturedLearning特征学习Feedforward前馈FeedforwardNeuralNetwork前馈神经网络Few-ShotLearning少试学习Filter滤波器Fine-Tuning微调Fluctuation振荡ForgetGate遗忘门ForwardPropagation前向传播/正向传播ForwardStagewiseAlgorithm前向分步算法FractionallyStridedConvolution微步卷积FrobeniusNormFrobenius范数FullPadding全填充Functional泛函FunctionalNeuron功能神经元GatedRecurrentUnit门控循环单元GatedRNN门控RNNGaussianDistribution高斯分布GaussianKernel高斯核GaussianKernelFunction高斯核函数GaussianMixtureModel高斯混合模型GaussianProcess高斯过程GeneralizationAbility泛化能力GeneralizationError泛化误差GeneralizationErrorBound泛化误差上界Generalize泛化GeneralizedLagrangeFunction广义拉格朗日函数GeneralizedLinearModel广义线性模型GeneralizedRayleighQuotient广义瑞利商GenerativeAdversarialNetwork生成对抗网络GenerativeModel生成式模型Generator生成器GeneratorNetwork生成器网络GeneticAlgorithm遗传算法GibbsDistribution吉布斯分布GibbsSampling吉布斯采样/吉布斯抽样GiniIndex基尼指数GlobalMarkovProperty全局马尔可夫性GlobalMinimum全局最小Gradient梯度GradientClipping梯度截断GradientDescent梯度下降GradientDescentMethod梯度下降法GradientExplodingProblem梯度爆炸问题GramMatrixGram矩阵GraphConvolutionalNetwork图卷积神经网络/图卷积网络GraphNeuralNetwork图神经网络GraphicalModel图模型GridSearch网格搜索GroundTruth真实值HadamardProductHadamard积HammingDistance汉明距离HardMargin硬间隔HebbianRule赫布法则HiddenLayer隐藏层HiddenMarkovModel隐马尔可夫模型HiddenVariable隐变量HierarchicalClustering层次聚类HilbertSpace希尔伯特空间HingeLossFunction合页损失函数/Hinge损失函数Hold-Out留出法Hyperparameter超参数HyperparameterOptimization超参数优化Hypothesis假设HypothesisSpace假设空间HypothesisTest假设检验IdentityMatrix单位矩阵ImitationLearning模仿学习ImportanceSampling重要性采样ImprovedIterativeScaling改进的迭代尺度法IncrementalLearning增量学习IndependentandIdenticallyDistributed独立同分布IndicatorFunction指示函数IndividualLearner个体学习器Induction归纳InductiveBias归纳偏好InductiveLearning归纳学习InductiveLogicProgramming归纳逻辑程序设计Inference推断InformationEntropy信息熵InformationGain信息增益InnerProduct内积Instance示例InternalCovariateShift内部协变量偏移InverseMatrix逆矩阵InverseResolution逆归结IsometricMapping等度量映射JacobianMatrix雅可比矩阵JensenInequalityJensen不等式JointProbabilityDistribution联合概率分布K-ArmedBanditProblemk-摇臂老虎机K-FoldCrossValidationk折交叉验证Karush-Kuhn-TuckerConditionKKT条件Karush–Kuhn–TuckerKarush–Kuhn–TuckerKernelFunction核函数KernelMethod核方法KernelTrick核技巧KernelizedLinearDiscriminantAnalysis核线性判别分析KLDivergenceKL散度L-BFGSL-BFGSLabel标签LabelSpace标记空间LagrangeDuality拉格朗日对偶性LagrangeMultiplier拉格朗日乘子LanguageModel语言模型LaplaceSmoothing拉普拉斯平滑LaplacianCorrection拉普拉斯修正LatentDirichletAllocation潜在狄利克雷分配LatentSemanticAnalysis潜在语义分析LatentVariable潜变量/隐变量LawofLargeNumbers大数定律LayerNormalization层规范化LazyLearning懒惰学习LeakyRelu泄漏修正线性单元/泄漏整流线性单元Learner学习器Learning学习LearningByAnalogy类比学习LearningRate学习率LearningVectorQuantization学习向量量化LeastSquareMethod最小二乘法LeastSquaresRegressionTree最小二乘回归树LeftSingularVector左奇异向量Likelihood似然LinearChainConditionalRandomField线性链条件随机场LinearClassificationModel线性分类模型LinearClassifier线性分类器LinearDependence线性相关LinearDiscriminantAnalysis线性判别分析LinearModel线性模型LinearRegression线性回归LinkFunction联系函数LocalMarkovProperty局部马尔可夫性LocalMinima局部极小LocalMinimum局部极小LocalRepresentation局部式表示/局部式表征LogLikelihood对数似然函数LogLinearModel对数线性模型Log-Likelihood对数似然Log-LinearRegression对数线性回归LogisticFunction对数几率函数LogisticRegression对数几率回归Logit对数几率LongShortTermMemory长短期记忆LongShort-TermMemoryNetwork长短期记忆网络LoopyBeliefPropagation环状信念传播LossFunction损失函数LowRankMatrixApproximation低秩矩阵近似MachineLearning机器学习Macron-R宏查全率ManhattanDistance曼哈顿距离Manifold流形ManifoldAssumption流形假设ManifoldLearning流形学习Margin间隔MarginalDistribution边缘分布MarginalIndependence边缘独立性Marginalization边缘化MarkovChain马尔可夫链MarkovChainMonteCarlo马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗MarkovDecisionProcess马尔可夫决策过程MarkovNetwork马尔可夫网络MarkovProcess马尔可夫过程MarkovRandomField马尔可夫随机场Mask掩码Matrix矩阵MatrixInversion逆矩阵MaxPooling最大汇聚MaximalClique最大团MaximumEntropyModel最大熵模型MaximumLikelihoodEstimation极大似然估计MaximumMargin最大间隔MeanFiled平均场MeanPooling平均汇聚MeanSquaredError均方误差Mean-Field平均场MemoryNetwork记忆网络MessagePassing消息传递MetricLearning度量学习Micro-R微查全率Minibatch小批量MinimalDescriptionLength最小描述长度MinimaxGame极小极大博弈MinkowskiDistance闵可夫斯基距离MixtureofExperts混合专家模型Mixture-of-Gaussian高斯混合Model模型ModelSelection模型选择MomentumMethod动量法MonteCarloMethod蒙特卡罗方法MoralGraph端正图/道德图Moralization道德化Multi-ClassClassification多分类Multi-HeadAttention多头注意力Multi-HeadSelf-Attention多头自注意力Multi-KernelLearning多核学习Multi-LabelLearning多标记学习Multi-LayerFeedforwardNeuralNetworks多层前馈神经网络Multi-LayerPerceptron多层感知机MultinomialDistribution多项分布MultipleDimensionalScaling多维缩放MultipleLinearRegression多元线性回归MultitaskLearning多任务学习MultivariateNormalDistribution多元正态分布MutualInformation互信息N-GramModelN元模型NaiveBayesClassifier朴素贝叶斯分类器NaiveBayes朴素贝叶斯NearestNeighborClassifier最近邻分类器NegativeLogLikelihood负对数似然函数NeighbourhoodComponentAnalysis近邻成分分析NetInput净输入NeuralNetwork神经网络NeuralTuringMachine神经图灵机Neuron神经元NewtonMethod牛顿法NoFreeLunchTheorem没有免费午餐定理Noise-ContrastiveEstimation噪声对比估计NominalAttribute列名属性Non-ConvexOptimization非凸优化Non-MetricDistance非度量距离Non-NegativeMatrixFactorization非负矩阵分解Non-OrdinalAttribute无序属性Norm范数NormalDistribution正态分布Normalization规范化NuclearNorm核范数NumberofEpochs轮数NumericalAttribute数值属性ObjectDetection目标检测ObliqueDecisionTree斜决策树Occam'sRazor奥卡姆剃刀Odds几率Off-Policy异策略On-Policy同策略One-DependentEstimator独依赖估计One-Hot独热OnlineLearning在线学习Optimizer优化器OrdinalAttribute有序属性Orthogonal正交OrthogonalMatrix正交矩阵Out-Of-BagEstimate包外估计Outlier异常点Over-Parameterized过度参数化Overfitting过拟合Oversampling过采样Pac-LearnablePAC可学习Padding填充PairwiseMarkovProperty成对马尔可夫性ParallelDistributedProcessing分布式并行处理Parameter参数ParameterEstimation参数估计ParameterSpace参数空间ParameterTuning调参ParametricReLU参数化修正线性单元/参数化整流线性单元Part-Of-SpeechTagging词性标注PartialDerivative偏导数PartiallyObservableMarkovDecisionProcesses部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程PartitionFunction配分函数Perceptron感知机PerformanceMeasure性能度量Perplexity困惑度PointerNetwork指针网络Policy策略PolicyGradient策略梯度PolicyIteration策略迭代PolynomialKernelFunction多项式核函数Pooling汇聚PoolingLayer汇聚层PositiveDefiniteMatrix正定矩阵Post-Pruning后剪枝PotentialFunction势函数PowerMethod幂法Pre-Training预训练Precision查准率/准确率Prepruning预剪枝PrimalProblem主问题PrimaryVisualCortex初级视觉皮层PrincipalComponentAnalysis主成分分析Prior先验ProbabilisticContext-FreeGrammar概率上下文无关文法ProbabilisticGraphicalModel概率图模型ProbabilisticModel概率模型ProbabilityDensityFunction概率密度函数ProbabilityDistribution概率分布ProbablyApproximatelyCorrect概率近似正确ProposalDistribution提议分布Prototype-BasedClustering原型聚类ProximalGradientDescent近端梯度下降Pruning剪枝QuadraticLossFunction平方损失函数QuadraticProgramming二次规划QuasiNewtonMethod拟牛顿法RadialBasisFunction径向基函数RandomForest随机森林RandomSampling随机采样RandomSearch随机搜索RandomVariable随机变量RandomWalk随机游走Recall查全率/召回率ReceptiveField感受野ReconstructionError重构误差RectifiedLinearUnit修正线性单元/整流线性单元RecurrentNeuralNetwork循环神经网络RecursiveNeuralNetwork递归神经网络Regression回归Regularization正则化Regularizer正则化项ReinforcementLearning强化学习RelativeEntropy相对熵Reparameterization再参数化/重参数化Representation表示RepresentationLearning表示学习RepresenterTheorem表示定理ReproducingKernelHilbertSpace再生核希尔伯特空间Rescaling再缩放ResetGate重置门ResidualConnection残差连接ResidualNetwork残差网络RestrictedBoltzmannMachine受限玻尔兹曼机Reward奖励RidgeRegression岭回归RightSingularVector右奇异向量Risk风险Robustness稳健性RootNode根结点RuleLearning规则学习SaddlePoint鞍点Sample样本SampleComplexity样本复杂度SampleSpace样本空间Scalar标量SelectiveEnsemble选择性集成SelfInformation自信息Self-Attention自注意力Self-OrganizingMap自组织映射网Self-Training自训练Semi-DefiniteProgramming半正定规划Semi-NaiveBayesClassifiers半朴素贝叶斯分类器Semi-RestrictedBoltzmannMachine半受限玻尔兹曼机Semi-SupervisedClustering半监督聚类Semi-SupervisedLearning半监督学习Semi-SupervisedSupportVectorMachine半监督支持向量机SentimentAnalysis情感分析SeparatingHyperplane分离超平面SequentialCovering序贯覆盖SigmoidBeliefNetworkSigmoid信念网络SigmoidFunctionSigmoid函数SignedDistance带符号距离SimilarityMeasure相似度度量SimulatedAnnealing模拟退火SimultaneousLocalizationAndMapping即时定位与地图构建SingularValue奇异值SingularValueDecomposition奇异值分解Skip-GramModel跳元模型Smoothing平滑SoftMargin软间隔SoftMarginMaximization软间隔最大化SoftmaxSoftmax/软最大化SoftmaxFunctionSoftmax函数/软最大化函数SoftmaxRegressionSoftmax回归/软最大化回归SoftplusFunctionSoftplus函数Span张成子空间SparseCoding稀疏编码SparseRepresentation稀疏表示Sparsity稀疏性Specialization特化SplittingVariable切分变量SquashingFunction挤压函数StandardNormalDistribution标准正态分布State状态StateValueFunction状态值函数State-ActionValueFunction状态-动作值函数StationaryDistribution平稳分布StationaryPoint驻点StatisticalLearning统计学习SteepestDescent最速下降法StochasticGradientDescent随机梯度下降StochasticMatrix随机矩阵StochasticProcess随机过程StratifiedSampling分层采样Stride步幅StructuralRisk结构风险StructuralRiskMinimization结构风险最小化Subsample子采样Subsampling下采样SubsetSearch子集搜索Subspace子空间SupervisedLearning监督学习SupportVector支持向量SupportVectorExpansion支持向量展式SupportVectorMachine支持向量机SurrogatLoss替代损失SurrogateFunction替代函数SurrogateLossFunction代理损失函数Symbolism符号主义TangentPropagation正切传播TeacherForcing强制教学Temporal-DifferenceLearning时序差分学习Tensor张量TestError测试误差TestSample测试样本TestSet测试集Threshold阈值ThresholdLogicUnit阈值逻辑单元Threshold-Moving阈值移动TiedWeight捆绑权重TikhonovRegularizationTikhonov正则化TimeDelayNeuralNetwork时延神经网络TimeHomogenousMarkovChain时间齐次马尔可夫链TimeStep时间步Token词元Token词元Tokenization词元化Tokenizer词元分析器TopicModel话题模型TopicModeling话题分析Trace迹Training训练TrainingError训练误差TrainingSample训练样本TrainingSet训练集TransductiveLearning直推学习TransductiveTransferLearning直推迁移学习TransferLearning迁移学习TransformerTransformerTransformerModelTransformer模型Transpose转置TransposedConvolution转置卷积TrialAndError试错Trigram三元语法TuringMachine图灵机Underfitting欠拟合Undersampling欠采样UndirectedGraphicalModel无向图模型UniformDistribution均匀分布Unigram一元语法Unit单元UniversalApproximationTheorem通用近似定理UniversalApproximator通用近似器UniversalFunctionApproximator通用函数近似器UnknownToken未知词元UnsupervisedLayer-WiseTraining无监督逐层训练UnsupervisedLearning无监督学习UpdateGate更新门Upsampling上采样V-StructureV型结构ValidationSet验证集ValidityIndex有效性指标ValueFunctionApproximation值函数近似ValueIteration值迭代VanishingGradientProblem梯度消失问题Vapnik-ChervonenkisDimensionVC维VariableElimination变量消去Variance方差VariationalAutoencoder变分自编码器VariationalInference变分推断Vector向量VectorSpaceModel向量空间模型VersionSpace版本空间ViterbiAlgorithm维特比算法Vocabulary词表Warp线程束WeakLearner弱学习器WeaklySupervisedLearning弱监督学习Weight权重WeightDecay权重衰减WeightSharing权共享WeightedVoting加权投票Whitening白化Winner-Take-All胜者通吃Within-ClassScatterMatrix类内散度矩阵WordEmbedding词嵌入WordSenseDisambiguation词义消歧WordVector词向量ZeroPadding零填充Zero-ShotLearning零试学习Zipf'sLaw齐普夫定律

RGB是一个通过与亮度有关的红色（Red）、绿色（Green）和蓝色（Blue）的组合来表现色彩，RGB模型基于色彩的相加，当R、G、B三种色彩的亮度都达到最大值时，得到的结果是白色，图像经扫描时大多用这种色彩模型，并且，RGB色彩模型同时是用来描述从显示器的红色、绿色和蓝色磷光粉中发出的能量数值的指定技术。RGB色彩模型是根据人眼锥体按收光线的方式构成一个模型的，眼睛的锥体上有红、绿、蓝的接收细胞，来响应光线不同色彩的波长，将信息收集后，综合起来，组成某一种色彩，则由人脑决定。RGB色彩非