《物流专业英语》08《物流专业英语》Unit8Thelogisticsoperationprocess

授课日期_______年___月___日授课教师授课专业/班级______专业______班级讲授单元Unit8单元讲授时长二学时讲授内容物流术语、课文、课堂练习教学任务：掌握本单元的物流专业术语掌握本单元的核心概念熟悉本单元的常用物流英语表达法熟悉本单元的物流流程第一部分Section1本单元核心术语Coretermswhole-courseshipment全程运输receiptoforder订单接收combinedtransport联合运输，联运shipper货主，发货人carrier承运人trunkmovement干线运输all-inclusiveservices一条龙服务freight-forwarder货运代理第二部分Section2本单元核心概念CoreconceptsWhatarethemajorformsoflogisticsshipment?物流运输有哪些主要形式？Astherearevariousoperationmodesforthelogisticssystem,therecanbedifferentformsoflogisticsshipment.Therearenowthreemajorformsofshipmentprevalentinthelogisticssector.物流系统可以有多种操作模式，同样也可以有多种发运形式，物流业通行的有三种主要发运模式。Shipper-centeredshipment以货主为核心的发运2.Railorseacarrier-centeredshipment以铁路或海运承运人为核心的发运3.Third-partyfreightforwarder-centeredshipment以第三方货运代理为核心的发运课堂教学之——Step1

单词领读由教师当堂领读生词纠正学生的发音领读完之后给学生留出5分钟的时间来温习单词。课堂教学之——Step2

重点内容掌握核心术语学习时间5分钟课堂教学之——Step3

难点学习理解并背诵核心概念学习时间5分钟课堂教学之——Step4

课文学习理解课文的意思对难句进行语法和结构讲解学习时间30分钟课文学习提示：教师在讲解课文时，除对课文进行翻译之外，还要顺带讲解一下难句的语法结构。Thelogisticsoperationprocess物流作业程序Formsoflogisticsoperationprocess物流操作程序的形式Therecanbevariousformsoflogisticsoperationprocess.Noprocessisapplicabletoallorganizationsorproducts.However,inusualcases,therecanbesomemajorstepscommonforaproducttotravelfromreceiptofordertodeliverytotheuser(SeeFigure1).物流操作程序可以有多种形式。没有一种程序适用于所有公司或产品，但是一般来说，某一产品从接到订单开始到发送给用户为止，会有一些主要的共同的步骤（见图1）。Theaboveprocessescanaccordinglybesimplified,adjustedorsupplementedonthebasisofthespecificrequirementsmadebythecustomerorbythemanufacturerwithregardtopackingandtransportationmodesoftheproduct(asshowninFigure2).Otherfactors,suchasthesalesprofitinthewholelogisticslinkalsohaveanimpactontheprocesses.上述过程可以根据用户的要求或厂商对产品的包装及运输形式等方面的要求而进行相应的简化（如图2所示）、调整或补充，其它因素，如整个物流环节中的销售利润，也会对这些程序产生影响。

Therearevariousmodesoftransportationandchoiceofthemostfeasiblemodecanbemadeasperthespecificsituationandtheoperator’sindividualneeds.Forexample,shipmentbyroadorrail,orthecombinedtransportofbothneedtobeweighedagainstsuchfactorsasnatureofproduct,distance,time,aswellastheoperator’spreference.运输形式多种多样，人们可以根据具体的实际情况以及经营者个人需要来选择最可行的运输形式。例如，用公路还是铁路，还是使用两者的联运方式来发运就需要依据产品性质、距离、时间以及经营者的偏好等因素来权衡。Rawmaterials原材料Production生产Product产品Customer客户Packing包装Warehousing仓储Handling搬运Departure出厂Shipment(road/rail/sea/air)运输（公路/铁路/海运/空运）Figure1Acommonlogisticsoperationmodel图1常见的物流操作模型Inselectingthelogisticsoperationprocess,thereisneedforthelogisticsoperatorstocombineeconomicbenefitofthemarket,andthisistheinevitableelementforthedevelopmentofthelogisticssystem.在选定物流操作程序时，物流经营者们应与市场的经济利益相结合，这是物流系统发展的必然因素。Whataremajorformsoflogisticsshipment?物流发运有哪些主要形式？Astherearevariousoperationmodesforthelogisticssystem,therecanbedifferentformsoflogisticsshipment.Therearenowthreemajorformsofshipmentprevalentinthelogisticssector.物流系统可以有多种操作模式，同样也可以有多种发运形式，物流业通行的有三种主要发运模式。Shipper-centeredshipment以货主为核心的发运Inthismode,themanufacturercoordinatewiththetransportoperators,beitroad,rail,sea,orairoperators,andjointlyassumedthemissionofsupplylogisticstotheshipper.在此模式下，生产企业协同运输经营者，不论是公路、铁路、海运还是空运经营者，共同向货主承担供应物流的任务。2.Railorseacarrier-centeredshipment以铁路或海运承运人为核心的发运Themanufacturersourcesgoodsandthenarrangesshipment,whichmeansthemanufactureroutsourcesitstrunkmovementtoacarrier.生产企业组织货源，然后安排运输，即生产企业将干线运输外包给承运部门。3.Railorseacarrier-centeredshipment以铁路或海运承运人为核心的发运Athird-partyfreightforwardersourcesgoodsandofferswhole-courseshipment,providing“all-inclusive”services.第三方货运代理组织货源并安排全程运输，提供全程“一条龙”服务。Inthewholelogisticsprocess,bothshipperandcarriermustexist.Owingtothestrengththatonehas,thebalanceofpowermaysomehowtilttoonesideortheother.在整个物流过程中，无论是货主还是承运人都是必须存在的，由于各自所具备的实力不同，权力的天平会多少向一方或另一方倾斜。Theshipperholdsthephysicalgoodswhilethecarrierownsthecompatiblelogisticscarriagevehicles,bothhavingitsadvantages.Athird-partyfreightforwardercanprovidevariousservices,linkingtheshipperandcarrier.Anyoneofthethreehasitsspecificfunctionandplaysapartinjointlyfulfillingalogisticsprocess.货主有实在的货源，而承运人则有匹配的物流运输工具，二者各有其优势。第三方货运代理可以提供连接货主与承运人之间的各种服务，他们各司其职，发挥各自的能力，共同完成一个物流程序。CargopickupFigure2Asupplementedlogisticsoperationprocess图2经过补充的物流操作程序以上内容为第一学时内所应完成的内容课堂教学之——Step5

阅读材料提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。Haier’sunique“1flow3networks”海尔独特的“一流三网”Haier’s“Oneflowthreenetworks”systemfullyembodiesthefeaturesofmodernlogistics.Oneflowisorder-centeredinformationflow.Threenetworksarerespectivelyglobalsupplychainresourcesnetwork,globaldistributionresourcesnetworkandcomputerinformationnetwork.海尔的“一流三网”充分体现了现代物流的特征：“一流”是指以订单为中心的信息流；“三网”分别是全球供应链资源网络、全球配送资源网络和计算机信息网络。Thethreenetworksmakeasynchronizedflowtoprovidesupportforthevalue-addedorderinformationflow.Haier’sreformistherenovationofthebusinessprocesscenteredonorderinformationflow,buildingupitscorecompetencythroughreframingofideasandmechanisms.“三网”同步流动，为订单信息流的增值提供支持。海尔的物流改革是一种以订单信息流为中心的业务流程再造，通过对观念的再造与机制的再造，构筑起海尔的核心竞争能力。

1FlowOrder-centeredinformationflow以订单为中心的信息流3NetworksGlobalsupplychainresourcesnetwork全球供应链资源网Globaldistributionresourcesnetwork全球配送资源网Computerinformationnetwork计算机信息网AtpresentHaierGroupreceivesmorethan6,000salesorderspermonthonaverage,withasmanyas260,000itemstobepurchased.Undersuchcomplexcircumstances,HaierLogisticshas,sinceitsintegrationscheme,reduceditsstagnantmaterialsby73%,warehousespaceby50%andinventorycapitalby67%.ThegoodsdepotofHaierInternationalLogisticsCentrecoversanareaof7,200m2,whereasitsthroughputequalstothatofa300,000m2planewarehouse.目前，海尔集团每个月平均接到6000多个销售订单，需要采购的物料品种达26万余种。在这种复杂的情况下，海尔物流自整合以来，呆滞物资降低了73%，仓库面积减少50%，库存资金减少67%。海尔国际物流中心货区面积7200平方米，但它的吞吐量却相当于普通平面仓库的30万平方米。InHaierLogistics,thesameworkloadisperformedbyonly10forkliftdrivers,whereasinanordinarywarehouse,suchworkloadcanonlybedonebyatleastahundreddriversormore.同样的工作量，海尔物流中心只有10个叉车司机，而一般仓库完成这样的工作量至少需要上百人。

AsynchronizedprocessinHaierLogisticsisachievedthrough3JITs,namelyJITpurchasing,JITdistributionandJITallocationlogistics.Currentlyallsupplierscan,viaHaier’spurchasingplatform,receiveordersonline,thusshorteningtheorder-placingdurationtowithinonehourfromthe7daysormorepreviously,andwith100%accuracy.海尔物流通过3个JIT,即JIT采购、JIT配送和JIT分拨物流来实现同步流程。目前通过海尔的采购平台，所有的供应商均在网上接受订单，因而使下达订单的周期从原来的7天以上缩短为1小时内，而且准确率达100%。Tofulfillthemanagementgoalof“eliminatingspacewithtime”,Haierstartedtoimplementthemostfundamentallogisticselementssuchasunitizationofvessels,containerization,standardization,generalizationandmechanichandlingofmaterials,thusspeedinguptheturnoverofinventorycapital,reducingtheturnoverdurationto12daysfrom30dayspreviouslyandrealizingtheJITone-stoplogisticsmanagement.为实现“以时间消灭空间”的物流管理目的，海尔开始实施最基本的物流要素，如容器单元化、集装化、标准化、通用化和物料搬运机械化，因而加快了库存资金的周转速度，库存资金周转天数由原来的30天以上减少到12天，实现JIT一站式物流管理。课堂教学之——Step6

课堂练习提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。

1.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

Whataretheformsoflogisticsoperationprocess?Themajorformsoflogisticsoperationprocessincluderawmaterials,production,product,packing,warehousing,handling,departure,shipment(road/rail/sea/air),untildeliverytoendcustomer.2.Whatarethemajorformsoflogisticsshipment?Theyareshipper-centeredshipment,railorseacarrier-centeredshipmentandthird-partyfreightforwarder-centeredshipment.3.Whatisshipper-centeredshipment?Inthismode,themanufacturercoordinatewiththetransportoperators,beitroad,rail,sea,orairoperators,andjointlyassumedthemissionofsupplylogisticstotheshipper.4.Whatisrailorseacarrier-centeredshipment?Themanufacturersourcesgoodsandthenarrangesshipment,whichmeansthe