《物流专业英语》30《物流专业英语》Unit30Fourthpartylogistics第三版新编

授课日期_______年___月___日授课教师授课专业/班级______专业______班级讲授单元Unit30单元讲授时长二学时讲授内容物流术语、课文、课堂练习教学任务：掌握本单元的物流专业术语掌握本单元的核心概念熟悉本单元的常用物流英语表达法熟悉本单元的物流流程第一部分Section1本单元核心术语Coreterms4PL第四方物流(Fourth-PartyLogistics)in-houselogistics内部物流specialistfirm专业公司generalcontractor总承包商consultingcompany咨询公司第二部分Section2本单元核心概念CoreconceptsWhatis4PL?什么是4PL？FourthPartyLogistics,or4PL,isthesharedsourcinginsupplychainspanningactivitywithaclientandselectteamingpartner,underthedirectionofa4PLintegrator.第四方物流，或称为4PL,是在4PL集成商的指导下在供应链的跨越式活动中与客户进行共享式筹办货源（采办）并且选择结队合伙人。课堂教学之——Step1

单词领读由教师当堂领读生词纠正学生的发音领读完之后给学生留出5分钟的时间来温习单词。课堂教学之——Step2

重点内容掌握核心术语学习时间5分钟课堂教学之——Step3

难点学习理解并背诵核心概念学习时间5分钟课堂教学之——Step4

课文学习理解课文的意思对难句进行语法和结构讲解学习时间30分钟课文学习提示：教师在讲解课文时，除对课文进行翻译之外，还要顺带讲解一下难句的语法结构。Supplychainmanagementhasseenalargeshiftinrecentyearsfromtheuseofin-houselogisticsoperationstotheuseofthirdpartylogisticsproviders.However,asglobalsupplychainshavedevelopedandsupplychainshavebecomemorecomplex,afurtheroptionforcompanieshasbeentheabilitytomakeuseoffourthpartylogisticsproviders(4PL).供应链管理近年来见证了从使用内部物流作业到使用第三方物流提供商的巨大转变。但是随着全球供应链的发展及其变得更复杂，公司的另一个可选方案就是利用第四方物流（4PL）的能力。Whatisa4PLProvider?

什么是4PL?FourthPartyLogistics,or4PL,isthesharedsourcinginsupplychainspanningactivitywithaclientandselectteamingpartner,underthedirectionofa4PLintegrator.第四方物流，或称为4PL,是在4PL集成商的指导下在供应链的跨越式活动中与客户进行共享式筹办货源（采办）并且选择结队合伙人。Inessence,theFourthPartyLogisticsproviderisasupplychainintegratorthatassemblesandmanagestheresources,capabilities,andtechnologyofitsownorganizationwiththoseofcomplementaryserviceproviderstodeliveracomprehensivesupplychainsolution.本质上讲，第四方物流供应商是一个供应链的集成商，它对公司内部和具有互补性的服务供应商所拥有的不同资源、能力和技术能进行整合和管理，并提供一整套供应链解决方案。Wemaywellsaythat4PLisanarrangementinwhichafirmcontractsout(outsources)itslogisticsoperationstotwoormorespecialistfirm(thirdpartylogistics)andthenhiresanotherspecialistfirm(thefourthparty)tocoordinatetheactivitiesofthethirdparties.我们完全可以说4PL是这样一种安排：公司把其物流作业发包（外包）给两个以上的专业化公司（第三方物流），然后再雇佣另一家专业化公司（第四方）来协调这些第三方公司的活动。TheconceptofFourth-PartyLogistics(4PL)provider,bywayofintegratingtheresourcesofbothitsownorganizationandotheroutsideorganizations,iscalculatedtodesign,build,andruncomprehensivesupplychainsolutions.第四方物流（4PL）提供商旨在通过整合自身公司以及其它外部公司的资源来设计、建立并运行一套综合的供应链解决方案。Whereasathirdpartylogistics(3PL)serviceprovidertargetsafunction,a4PLtargetsmanagementoftheentireprocess.如果说第三方物流（3PL）提供商的目标是某一功能，那么第四方物流是以整个过程的管理为目标的。Somehavedescribeda4PLasageneralcontractorwhomanagesother3PLs,truckers,forwarders,Customshouseagents,andothers,essentiallytakingresponsibilityofacompleteprocessforthecustomer.有些人把4PL描述为一个总承包商：它管理着其他3PL供应商、卡车运输商、货代行、海关代理等方面，本质上讲，它为客户承担着全过程责任。Figure1:AFourth-PartyLogisticssystem3PLor4PL?是第三方物流还是第四方物流？Wherethethirdpartylogisticsprovider(3PL)specializesintheoperationalelementofsupplychainmanagement,thefourthpartylogisticsprovideractseffectivelyasasupplychainconsultingcompany.当第三方物流（3PL）提供商专注于供应链的操作要素时，第四方物流提供商则充当一个高效的供应链咨询公司。Inordertoactasatrulyeffectivefourthpartylogisticsprovider,theconsultantmustnothaveanyoperationalcapacityasthiswouldleadtothepossibilityofabiastowardstheprovisionofservices.为了能够切实高效地承担起第四方物流提供商的角色，这个咨询人一定不可以担当任何操作性职能，因为这在提供服务中可能会导致偏见的产生。Assuch,thismeansthatmanycompanieswhichclaimtoprovide4PLservicesareineffect3PLprovidersofferingconsultancyservices,ratherthantruefourthpartylogisticsproviders.因此，这就意味着许多声称提供4PL服务的公司实际上是提供咨询服务的3PL提供商，而不是真正的第四方物流提供商。Figure2:Transitionfrom3PLto4PLThespecificservicesofafourthpartylogisticsproviderwillvarybetweenproviders.第四方物流提供商的具体服务会因提供商的不同而异。Ingeneral,fourthpartylogisticsprovidershavetwomainfunctions.一般而言，第四方物流提供商具有两项主要作用。Inthefirstinstance,4PLservicesfocusonaconsultativeapproachofanalyzingthesupplychainandthenmakingrecommendationsforimprovements.首先，4PL服务的重心放在分析供应链并提出改进建议的咨询方法上。Thesecondfunctionrelatestomanagementwithinthesupplychainitself,thefourthpartylogisticscompanyoftenactingasamanagerofnumeroussmallerthirdpartylogisticscompanies.第二个作用与供应链内部的管理有关，第四方物流公司经常充当无数小型第三方物流公司的经理。(Figure2showsthetransitionfrom3PLto4PL)UsingaFourthPartyLogisticsProvider使用第方物流提供商Theuseofafourthpartylogisticsprovidercanbeausefultoolinsupplychainmanagement,especiallywheresupplychainsarecomplexorspaninternationalboundaries.使用第四方物流提供商在供应链管理中是一个有益的工具，尤其是当供应链较为复杂且跨越国际边界时。Byusingafourthpartylogisticsprovider,thisallowstheeffectivemanagementofanumberofthirdpartylogisticscompanies,thusreducingriskwithinthesupplychain.通过使用第四方物流提供商，可以使一些第三方物流公司得到高效的管理，因而降低供应链内部的风险。Afurtheradvantageofthefourthpartylogisticsprovideristhatsuchsupplychainconsultantsareabletobringagreatdealofspecialistknowledgetoacompany,aswellanobjectiveopinion.第四方物流提供商的另一个优势是此类供应链咨询人能够给某一公司带来大量的专业知识，也能带来客观的意见。Suchconsiderationsshouldleadtoagreaterlevelofefficiencywithinthesupplychain,aswellaslowercosts.这类考虑因素会在供应链内部极大地提高效率并降低成本。Themajordisadvantageofusingafourthpartylogisticsprovidermaybeseenasoneofcost.Whilst,fourthpartylogisticsprovidersmayimproveefficiencies,theyalsoaddanotherlayerofcoststothedistributionchannel.第四方物流提供商的主要劣势可以从成本角度来看待。在第四方物流提供商提高效率时，它们也会在流通渠道上新增加一层成本。Assuch,acompanymustweightupcarefullythetotalvaluethatafourthpartylogisticsprovidercanaddtoacompanyagainsttheadditionalcostsincurred.因此，公司必须把第四方物流提供商给公司增加的总价值与所发生的追加成本进行认真的权衡。Insummary,fourthpartylogisticsprovidersmaybeaneffectivewayofreducingriskandimprovingtheefficienciesofsupplychains,especiallywheresupplychainsarecomplexandspreadoveralargegeographicarea.总之，第四方物流提供商可能是降低风险、提高供应链效率的一个有效的方法，尤其是当供应链较为复杂具跨越较大地理区域时。However,aswithalladditionalcoststheremaybetheconsiderationthatinsomecircumstancesthecostsfaroutweighthebenefits.

Figure3:Fivelayersoflogisticsservices然而，正如所有追加成本一样，也需要考虑在某些情况下，成本会远远超过效益。(Figure3showsthefivelayersoflogisticsservices)以上内容为第一学时内所应完成的内容课堂教学之——Step5

阅读材料提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。Layersoflogisticsservices物流服务的层次LayerstoLogisticsServicesTherearefourmaininterrelatedlayersoflogisticsservicesthatinvolveincreasinglevelsofserviceandsupplychainintegration:FirstPartyLogistics(1PL).

Theyarethebeneficialcargoownerwhocanbetheshipper(suchasamanufacturingfirm)ortheconsignee(suchasaretailer,whichdictatestheorigin(supply)andthedestination(demand)ofthecargo.Withglobalizationthediversityof1PLactorshasconsiderablyincreasedaswellasthecomplexityofinteractionstheymaintainwithone-another.beneficialcargoowner受益货主shipper发货人retailer零售商dictate决定，指定1PLactors第一方物流从事者，从业者SecondPartyLogistics(2PL)

Theyconcernthecarriersthatareprovidingatransportserviceoveraspecificsegment.Itcouldconcernamaritimeshippingcompany,arailoperatororatruckingcompanythatarehiredtohaulcargofromanorigintoadestination.carrier承运人overaspecificsegment在特定的一段（运输过程中）maritimeshippingcompany海运公司arailoperator铁路经营商

atruckingcompany卡车运输公司ThirdPartyLogistics(3PL).Theyconcernfreightforwardersthatcouldhavestakesinaspecifictransportsegmentanditsphysicalassets,butwhoareofferingacomprehensivefreightdistributionservicealongtransportchains.Thisservicecaninvolvewarehousing,transloading,terminaloperationsandevenformsoflightmanufacturingsuchaspackagingandlabeling.freightforwarders货运代理录；

havestakesin在…中有利益aspecifictransportsegment特定的运输阶段physicalassets实物资产，有形资产freightdistributionservice货物流通服务transloading转载；terminaloperations码头操作，站点操作lightmanufacturing轻型制造FourthPartyLogistics(4PL)

Commonlyindependentandneutralactorssuchasspecializedconsultingfirmsthatareorganizingandmanagingcompletesupplychainsfortheircustomers.Theycanbeinvolvedinoutsourcingchoicesandtheroutingofcargothatthesupplychainwilltake,whichinvolvesagreementswith3PL.neutralactors中立的从业者routingofcargo货物的线路安排课堂教学之——Step6

课堂练习提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。

1.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

1.Whatis4PL?Inessence,theFourthPartyLogisticsproviderisasupplychainintegratorthatassemblesandmanagestheresources,capabilities,andtechnologyofitsownorganizationwiththoseofcomplementaryserviceproviderstodeliveracomprehensivesupplychainsolution.2.What’sthemajordifferencebetween3PLand4PL?Wherethethirdpartylogisticsprovider(3PL)specializesintheoperationalelementofsupplychainmanagement,thefourthpartylogisticsprovideractseffectivelyasasupplychainconsultingcompany.Inordertoactasatrulyeffectivefourthpartylogisticsprovider,theconsultantmustnothaveanyoperationalcapacityasthiswouldleadtothepossibilityofabiastowardstheprovisionofservices.Assuch,thismeansthatmanycompanieswhichclaimtoprovide4PLservicesareineffect3PLprovidersofferingconsultancyservices,ratherthantruefourthpartylogisticsproviders.3.Whatarethetwomajorfunctionsof4PL?Ingeneral,fourthpartylogisticsprovidershavetwomainfunctions.Inthefirstinstance,4PLservicesfocusonaconsultativeapproachofanalyzingthesupplychainandthenmakingrecommendationsforimprovements.Thesecondfunctionrelatestomanagementwithinthesupplychainitself,thefourthpartylogisticscompanyoftenactingasamanagerofnumeroussmallerthirdpartylogisticscompanies.4.Whatisthemajoradvantageof4PL?Byusingafourthpartylogisticsprovider,thisallowstheeffectivemanagementofanumberofthirdpartylogisticscompanies,thusreducingriskwithinthesupplychain.Afurtheradvantageofthefourthpartylogisticsprovideristhatsuchsupplychainconsultantsareabletobringagreatdealofspecialistknowledgetoacompany,aswellanobjectiveopinion.Suchconsiderationsshouldleadtoagreaterlevelofefficiencywithinthesupplychain,aswellaslowercosts.

5.Whatisthemajordisadvantageof4PL?Themajordisadvantageofusingafourthpartylogisticsprovidermaybeseenasoneofcost.Whilst,fourthpartylogisticsprovidersmayimproveefficiencies,theyalsoaddanotherlayerofcoststothedistributionchannel.Assuch,acompanymustweightupcarefullythetotalvaluethatafourthpartylogisticsprovidercanaddtoacompanyagainsttheadditionalcostsincurred.

2.PutthefollowingwordsorphrasesintoChinese:in-houselogistics

thirdpartylogistics(3PL)

fourthpartylogistics(4PL)

spanningactivity

teamingpartner

4PLintegrator

supplychainintegrator

assembletheresources

complementaryservice

a