《物流专业英语》26《物流专业英语》Unit26Vendormanagedinventory第三版新编

授课日期_______年___月___日授课教师授课专业/班级______专业______班级讲授单元Unit26单元讲授时长二学时讲授内容物流术语、课文、课堂练习教学任务：掌握本单元的物流专业术语掌握本单元的核心概念熟悉本单元的常用物流英语表达法熟悉本单元的物流流程第一部分Section1本单元核心术语CoretermsVMI供应商管理库存(Vendor-ManagedInventory)OEM贴牌商(OriginalEquipmentManufacturer)JITD准时制配送(Just-in-TimeDistribution)Vendor-managedsystem供应商管理系统Retailer-ManagedSystem零售商管理系统stock-out缺货shelfspace货架空间第二部分Section2本单元核心概念CoreconceptsWhatisVMI?什么是VMI？VendorManagedInventory(VMI)

isameansofoptimizingSupplyChainperformanceinwhichthemanufacturerisresponsibleformaintainingthedistributor’sinventorylevels.Themanufacturerhasaccesstothedistributor’sinventorydataandisresponsibleforgeneratingpurchaseorders.供应商管理库存(VMI)是一种优化供应链绩效的方法，在此方法下，生产厂家负责维持配送商的库存量，生产厂家可以使用配送商的库存数据，并负责生成采购单。

课堂教学之——Step1

单词领读由教师当堂领读生词纠正学生的发音领读完之后给学生留出5分钟的时间来温习单词。课堂教学之——Step2

重点内容掌握核心术语学习时间5分钟课堂教学之——Step3

难点学习理解并背诵核心概念学习时间5分钟课堂教学之——Step4

课文学习理解课文的意思对难句进行语法和结构讲解学习时间30分钟课文学习提示：教师在讲解课文时，除对课文进行翻译之外，还要顺带讲解一下难句的语法结构。Vendor-managedinventory供应商管理库存Whatisvendor-managedinventory?什么是供应商管理库存？

TheuseofVendorManagedInventoryhasgainedacceptanceinmanyindustries.Whatwasoncethoughtofasanexperimenthasnowbecomethepreferredwayofdoingbusinessforthousandsofmanufacturers,distributors,retailers,OEMs,andproductusers.供应商管理库存的使用在许多行业都获得了认可，曾经一度被看作是实验的事物现在已经成为数以千计的生产厂家、配送商、零售商、贴牌商和产品用户做业务的首选方法。VendorManagedInventoryisameansofoptimizingSupplyChainperformanceinwhichthemanufacturerisresponsibleformaintainingthedistributor’sinventorylevels.Themanufacturerhasaccesstothedistributor’sinventorydataandisresponsibleforgeneratingpurchaseorders.供应商管理库存是一种优化供应链绩效的方法，在此方法下，生产厂家负责维持配送商的库存量，生产厂家可以使用配送商的库存数据，并负责生成采购单。

WhatsystemwasinusebeforeVMIsystemwasintroduced?在引进供应商管理库存之前人们使用的是何种系统?VMIisanewconceptinlogisticsandsupplychainoperation.Infactithasoverturnedthetraditionalmodeofmanaginginventories.供应商管理库存是物流及供应链运作的一个新概念，事实上，它推翻了管理库存的传统模式。

Ascomparedwiththevendor-managedsystem,thetraditionalpracticehasbeentheretailer-managedsysteminwhichtheretailerplacespurchaseordersdirectlyfromthevendor(supplier)andisintotalcontrolofthetimingandsizeoftheorderbeingplaced.Inotherwordsthesupplieronlysuppliestheorderedgoodswhilestayingoutoftheretailer’sinventoryprocess.Inthissystemtheinventorylevelisusuallyhighandthusincurshigherinventory-relatedcosts.和供应商管理系统相对照，传统的做法是零售商管理系统，在此系统下，零售商直接向卖方（供应商）下采购单，并且完全控制所下订单的时机选择及规模。换言之，供应商仅仅提供所订购的商品，而置身于零售商的库存程序之外。在这一系统中，库存量通常较高并因此而产生较高的库存关联成本。However,astimegoesby,retailersandbusinessoperatorsatlargeincreasinglyrealizethattherecanbeabetterwaytomanagetheinventories.Thatis,theinventoryisoutsourcedtoathird-partyvendor(supplier)whoisactivelyinvolvedintheretailer’sinventoryprocess.然而，随着时间的推移，零售商以及一般的商业运营者日益意识到，可以有管理库存的更好方法，即库存被外包给一个积极参与零售商库存程序的第三方卖方（供应商）。HowdoestheVMIsystemwork?供应商管理库存系统是如何运行的？Thevendorreceiveselectronicdata(usuallyviaEDIortheinternet)thattellshimtheretailer’ssalesandstocklevels.Thevendorcanvieweveryitemthattheretailercarriesaswellastruepoint-of-saledata.Thevendorisresponsibleforcreatingandmaintainingtheinventoryplan.UnderVMI,thevendorgeneratestheorder,nottheretailer.供应商（通常是通过EDI或因特网）接收电子数据，这些数据告诉供应商有关零售商的销售及库存量，供应商能够看到零售商所持有的每一件商品以及真实的销售点数据，供应商负责创建并维护库存计划。在供应商管理库存模式下，是由供应商、而不是由零售商来产生订单的。SomefirmshavesuccessfullyimprovedtheirsupplychainperformancebyimplementingVendorManagedInventory(VMI).WithVMI,thevendorspecifiesdeliveryquantitiessenttocustomersthroughthedistributionchannelusingdataobtainedfromEDI.VendorManagedInventory,Just-in-TimeDistribution(JITD),andEfficientConsumerResponse(ECR)allrefertosimilarconcepts,butappliedtodifferentindustries.Forexample,theretailsectortendtouseECR,whereastheautomobileindustrytendstouseVMIandJITD.通过实施供应商管理库存（VMI），一些公司成功地改进了他们的供应链绩效，有了VMI，供应商就可以使用从EDI所获取的数据，通过配送渠道把具体化的交货数量送到客户手中。供应商管理库存、即时制配送（JITD）以及高效的客户响应（ECR）都指的是类似的概念，但却用于不同的行业中。譬如，零售商倾向于使用ECR，而汽车业则倾向于使用VMI和JITD.WhatpurposescanVMIachieve?VMI能达到哪些目的？VMIreducesstock-outsandreducesinventoryinthesupplychain.SomefeaturesofVMIinclude:VMI可以在供应链中降低缺货率并减少库存，VMI的一些特征包括：ShorteningofthesupplychainCentralizedforecastingFrequentcommunicationofinventory,stock-outs,andplannedpromotions.ElectronicDataInterchange(EDI)linkagesfacilitatethiscommunication.Novendorpromotions缩短供应链集中预测对库存、缺货和计划促销所进行的频繁沟通电子数据互换网（EDI）的联接可以促进这种沟通无需供应商进行促销WhatarethemajorchallengesinVMIoperation?VMI在运作中有哪些挑战？VMIcanbemadetowork,buttheproblemisnotjustoneoflogistics.VMIoftenencountersresistancefromthesalesforceandretailors.Suchissuesmayincluderoles,skills,trustandpowershifts.Someofthemajorchallengesare:VMI可以为我们工作，但这并不单是一个物流问题，VMI经常会遇到来自销售队伍和零售商的阻力，这类问题可能包括角色、技能、信任及权力转移，主要的挑战有：Lossofcontrol–retailermightrunintotheriskoftoomuchdependenceonvendorandloseitsowndecision-makingpower失去控制-零售商可能会陷入过分依赖供应商的危险之中并失去其决策的权力Risksharinghardtodefine–bothretailorandvendorwillsharetherisksofinventorymanagement.Howeveritisoftendifficulttospecifyeachparties’obligationsindetail.难以界定风险分摊–零售商和供应商将分摊库存管理的风险，但是却很难详细地说明各方的职责。Possiblelossofbusiness–inVMImodethebalanceofpowertiltsinfavourofthevendorwhomayfocusonlargeretailersandoccasionallyneglectssmallerretailors.可能会失去业务–在VMI模式中，权力的天平向有利于供应商的方面倾斜，供应商可能会把重心放在大零售商身上而偶然地忽略小零售商。Skepticismthatitwillfunctionwell–VMIinvolvecomplextechnicalproblems,andittakesgreateffortandskillstotackletheseproblems.ThesubstantialityofVMIoperationoftenresultsinskepticismaboutitseffectiveness.怀疑其是否能良好地运转–VMI涉及到复杂的技术问题,需要极大的努力和技巧来处理这些问题。VMI运作的艰巨性经常使人们怀疑其效力。Concernthatreducedinventorywillresultinlessshelfspaceandthereforelossofmarketshare.人们担心降低库存会导致货架空间的减少并因此而丢失市场份额。HowtoaddresstheconcernsinVMIoperation?VMI在运作中如何解决问题？ForaVMIsystemtowork,theconcernsofretailorsandthesalesforcemustbeaddressed.Theycanatleastbeaddressedpartiallybythefollowingmethods:要想让VMI系统运转起来，就需要解决零售商和销售队伍的担心，这些担心的问题至少可以部分地通过下列方法来解决：

Retailorskepticismcanbeaddressedbyimplementingapilotprogramwithvendor-ownedwarehousesinordertodemonstratethatthesystemworks.通过实施一项带有供应商自有仓库的实验性方案来展示这个系统可以运转，以此来解决零售商的怀疑。Introduceasysteminretailor-ownedwarehousesonapilotbasis.引进一个具有实验性的零售商自有仓库系统。Engageaneutralconsultantinmeetingsamongthevendor,retailor,andsalesforce.聘请一个中立的顾问来参加供应商、零售商和销售队伍的会议。Allowsomevendorpromotionsinthetransition.允许供应商在过渡期进行产品宣传Extensivelysimulatethesystemoff-linebeforeimplementing.在实施之前广泛地进行系统的线下模拟Don'texaggeratethebenefitsofVMI;otherwise,anydelayinrealizingthebenefitsmaycausethepartiesinthesupplychaintolosefaithinthesystem.不要夸大VMI的益处，否则，如果这些益处不能及时实现就会使供应链中的各方对该系统丧失信心。以上内容为第一学时内所应完成的内容课堂教学之——Step5

阅读材料提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。To“Feed”materialsintotheassemblyline

---Dell’sVMIsolutions

把物料“喂”进生产线---戴尔的VMI方案InOctober1994,DellshifteditsAsia-PacificmanufacturingcentrefromMalaysiatoXiamen,andBAXGlobalcamealongasitspartner.1994年10月，戴尔公司将其亚太区制造中心从马来西亚转移到厦门，伯灵顿就以其合作伙伴一起来到厦门。BAXGlobalmanagesandoperatesVMIforDellinXiamen,assistingDell(China)toactualizethe“genuinezerostock”.InXiamen,BAXGlobalisabletoensurethatmaterialswillbedeliveredrighttotheproductionlinein90minutes,aslongasDelldemandsthem.伯灵顿在厦门为戴尔管理和运作VMI，帮助戴尔（中国）实现“真正的零库存”。在厦门，伯灵顿能够保证只要戴尔要货，90分钟内物料就能直接上线。Asarule,VMIwarehousesareestablishedinthevicinityofthefactory.Howeverthereneedtobea“bufferzone”inventoryfortheproductionline.Inlogisticsterms,thisprocessformaterialstotravelfromthebufferzonetotheproductionlineiscalled“feeding”:materialsarefirstshippedfromtheVMIwarehousetothemanufacturer’sbufferzone,andthen“feed”intotheproductionline.一般情况下，VMI仓库都会设在工厂附近，但生产线还需要一个“缓冲区”库存。在物流术语中，物料从缓冲区运行到生产线的这个过程被称作“喂料”：物料先从VMI仓库运到厂家的缓冲区，再从缓冲区“喂”进生产线。NowDellhasevenabolishedthismotionof“feeding”,consequentlyreducingitscostsfurther.BAXGlobal’scontainertruckinXiamenhaulsthematerialsforward,withitsheadturningbacktomakethecarriagedoorfaceDell’sproductionline.Inthisway,thematerialsareshippedstraighttotheproductionline.现在戴尔甚至连这个“喂”的动作也取消了，因而进一步降低了成本，BAXGlobal在厦门的集装箱卡车把物料运过去，车头调过来，车厢朝着戴尔的生产线，这样，物料就直接运到了生产线上。JustbecauseDelldoesnothavetomanageitsowninventory,VMIbecomespossible.Dell’soutputvariesdaily,andsometimesgreatly,althoughitsmonthlyturnoverapproximatestoabillionYuan.IfDellweretosetupitsownwarehouse,itwouldbequitedifficultforittoknowhowbigthewarehouseshouldbeinordertomeettheever-changingmarketdemand,whereasBAXGlobal’soperationeliminatedDell’scostrisk.正因为戴尔不需要管理自己的库存，才使供应商管理库存成为可能，虽然戴尔在厦门一个月的营业额近10亿元，但它每天的产量都不同，有时相差非常大。如果设立自己的仓库，戴尔很难知道究竟建多大的仓库才能满足不断变化的市场需求，而伯灵顿的运作则消除了它的成本风险。OnthepartofBAXGlobal,themodeofscaleoperationcanreducetheriskswhichhavebeentransferredtoitsownlink.ItisalmostimpossibleforasuppliertoosmallinscaletogainaccesstoVMI.Largesuppliersgenerallysuppliesgoodstoanumberofbigenterprisesandcanfreelyallocatethegoods,thusminimizingtherisks.而对于伯灵顿而言，规模经营方式可以降低被转移到自己这一环上的风险。规模太小的供应商几乎无法进入VMI，大供应商一般同时给几家大企业供货，自由调配物料，因而把风险降到最低。AmorepioneeringpracticeisthatthesupplieritselfcanalsoadopttheVMImodetomanagethemoreupstreamsuppliers.Somemajorsuppliersplaythedualidentity,servingbothasalinkinVMIforbigmanufacturersandVMIoperatoroftheirown.Zeroinventoryremainsanidea,whereasVMIoffersafeasiblesolutionforitsactualization.更前沿的做法是，供应商自己也可以采用VMI模式管理更上游的供应商。一些大的供应商扮演着双重身份，既是大制造商的VMI中的一环，同时又是自己的VMI运营商。零库存是一种理念，而VMI则为零库存的实现提供了一种可行的解决方案。课堂教学之——Step6

课堂练习提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。

1.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

1)WhatisVMI?VMI(VendorManagedInventory)isameansofoptimizingSupplyChainperformanceinwhichthemanufacturerisresponsibleformaintainingthedistributor’sinventorylevels.Themanufacturerhasaccesstothedistributor’sinventorydataandisresponsibleforgeneratingpurchaseorders.2)Whatisretailer-managedsystem?Ascomparedwiththevendor-managedsystem,thetraditionalpracticehasbeentheretailer-managedsysteminwhichtheretailerplacespurchaseordersdirectlyfromthevendor(supplier)andisintotalcontrolofthetimingandsizeoftheorderbeingplaced.Inotherwordsthesupplieronlysuppliestheorderedgoodswhilestayingoutoftheretailer’sinventoryprocess.Inthissystemtheinventorylevelisusuallyhighandthusincurshigherinventory-relatedcosts.3)HowdoestheVMIsystemwork?Thevendorreceiveselectronicdata(usuallyviaEDIortheinternet)thattellshimtheretailer’ssalesandstocklevels.Thevendorcanvieweveryitemthattheretailercarriesaswellastruepoint-of-saledata.Thevendorisresponsibleforcreatingandmaintainingtheinventoryplan.UnderVMI,thevendorgeneratestheorder,nottheretailer.4)WhatpurposescanVMIachieve?VMIreducesstock-outsandreducesinventoryinthesupplychain.SomefeaturesofVMIinclude:ShorteningofthesupplychainCentralizedforecastingFrequentcommunicationofinventory,stock-outs,