动词不定式的被动语态主动表被动

Unit2Robots——Grammar动词不定式的被动语态一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构:be+done

（以thebook,publish

为例）一般现在/过去时：

Thebook____________________.

一般/过去将来时:

Thebook_________________________.Thebook__________________________.

现在/过去进行时：

Thebook__________________________.

现在/过去完成时:Thebook___________________________.

情态动词：

Thebook_______________________________.is/waspublishedwill/wouldbepublishedis/wasgoingtobepublishedis/wasbeingpublishedhas/hadbeenpublishedcan/could/may/might…bepublished二、动词不定式的被动语态

1.动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：

1）一般式

（not/never）tobedone

2）完成式

（not/never）tohavebeendone

（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）2.动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用

1)做主语（常用it做形式主语）

Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.

被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。

2)做表语

ThepartyistobeheldnextSaturdayevening.

明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathyby….ItisagreathonortobeinvitedtoattendtheopeningceremonyofAsianGames.3)做宾语

Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.Hepretendedtohavebeenbeatenbyhisstep-father.

这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。Theclerkwouldn’tliketobelaughedatbyhercustomers4)做宾语补足语

Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.

这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座

电影院。Thedisabledchildexpectedthecinematobedesignedbythechiefarchitect.5）做定语

Whatavictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!

英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。TheEnglishareproudoftheOlympicGamestobeheldinLondon.6）做状语

AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.

他匆忙赶到订票处（bookingoffice）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/I.根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。1.Hewantedtheletter__________(type)atonce.2.Itisthefirstsuchproject______________(design)byChineseengineers.练一练tobetypedtohavebeendesigned3.Theyknewhim___________________(arrest)bythepolice.5.Hesaidhewas_________(send)theretoattendanimportantmeetingnextFriday.tohavebeenarrestedtobesent6.Shedidn’twantherson___________(take)away.7.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears________________(tell)everything.8.Sheisbusypreparingfortheexams__________(hold)nextmonth.9.Hehurriedtothestationonly______(tell)thatthetrainhadleft.tobetakentohavebeentoldtobeheldtohavebeentold3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。

1)不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名

词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,

Hehasnothingtoeat.

分析：eat动→nothing宾/he主→eat谓

Iwillgiveyouabooktoread.

分析：_____动→________宾/_____主→_____谓

这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。readabookyoureadTheelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare.★比较：

Ihavealotofletterstotype.(我有很多信件要打印：Iwilltypetheletter)

Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.

(意思为：Igetsb.totypetheletter)

1)I’llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything____________(take)toyourwifethere?2)Haveyouanyclothes____________(wash),

sir?”askedthemaid3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes___________(wash)tobetakentobewashedtowash★注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式。3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。

2)在“主语+表语（形容词）todo”中，主语也是

不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是

动宾关系。

Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.

（分析：answer(动)thisquestion（宾））

★

注意：

如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。

Johnisdifficulttodealwith.

（分析：_________(动)________(宾)）如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。这题目很难算出来。dealwithJohnThearmchairiscomfortabletositinThequestionisdifficulttoworkout4.

Therebe结构中，用不定式的主动和被

动式来修饰主语，区别不大。

Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.

(多用主动形式)

没有什么可担心的。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects高考题汇集：3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedC.havinginvented4.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_____tocarryallthewayhome.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto6.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking7.Therearefivepairs___,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.tobechosen

B.tochoosefrom

C.tochoose

D.forchoosing8.________lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.

A.Tosleep

B.Sleeping

C.Sleep

D.Havingsleep

9.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.

settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled10.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_____inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying11.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying______theirproductsmorecompetitive.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade12.

Theteacheraskedus_______somuchnoise.A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeEXERCISES

1.Youhadbetter______yourhaircut.

A.had

B.have

Ctoget

Dtohave

2.We______putthemeetingoffforaweek.

A.canaswell

B.willaswell

C.shallaswell

D.mayaswell

3.He______liveinthecountrythaninthecity.

A.prefers

B.likesto

C.hadbetter

D.wouldrather

4.

Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldrather______anastronaut.

A.become

B.tobecome

C.becoming

D.

became

5.

Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

6.

Iusuallygotherebytrain.

Whynot___byboatforachange?

A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing

7.

Hewantstodonothingbut____out.

A.togoB.go

C.going

D.goes8.Comparedwithwomen.menalwaysprefer____athomeratherthan____

somuchtimeshopping.

A.tofinish,tospend

B.tofinish,spend

C.finish,spend

D.

finish

,tospend

[巩固性练习]

1.Shecan’thelp_____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.tobecleaningD.beingcleaned2.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.

topersuadeB.tobepersuadedC.persuadingD.beingpersuading3.Weagreed____here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.

havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet

4.

Youwerebraveenoughtoraisetheobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret_____that.A.

todoB.todoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone5.LittleTomshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking9.Heletmerepeathisinstructions____surethatIunderstoodwhatwas____afterhewentaway.A.tomake,tobedoneB.making,doingC.tomake,todoD.making,todo10.

Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.Imeant____,butwhenIwasleaving,Icouldn’tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso11.

InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans____foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting

12.

Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentfeltveryhappy.A.

settledB.steelingC.tosettleD.beingsettled13.-

Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.-Sheappears_____everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold14.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtobearule___________.A.toneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking

15.InAustraliahemadealotoffriends____averypracticalknowledgeofEnglish.A.getB.gettingC.togetD.got练习：1.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwouldn’thavetimeto______beforetheparty.(NMET2004全国卷I)A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange2.Myadvisorencouraged______asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(NMET2004北京)A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake3.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen______,butI’mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.(2004辽宁)A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard4.Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It’stimeforusto______ourstudies.(NMET2004辽宁)A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover5.Thefluisbelieved______byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(NMET2004上海)A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused6.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.(NMET2004福建)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told7.Itseemsthathehasnopen___.(NMET2003北京春)A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith8.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole______inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(NMET2003上海春)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying9.Maryisalwaysthefirststudent

toanswertheteacher’squestionsinclass.

A.

rising

B.

torise

C.

rose

D.

risen10.—Wouldyoubesokind

usout?Withpleasure.

A.

helping

B.

inhelping

C.

help

D.

astohelp11.Wetumbrellasarenotallowed

intothishotelaccordingtotherule.

A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking

12.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.

A.tohavestudied

B.tostudy

C.tobestudying

D.tohavebeenstudying13.Attheshopping-centre,hedidn’tknowwhat_____and_____withanemptybag.A.tobuy;leaveB.tobebought;leftC.tobuy;leftD.wastobuy;leave14.Shemadeacandle___uslight.A.giveB.gaveC.togiveD.given15.—WhereshouldIsendmyform?—ThePersonnelOfficeistheplace______.A.forsendingitB.tosendittoC.tosendD.tosendit16.It’snecessary______someEnglishgrammar.A.forusstudentstolearnB.forwestudentstolearnC.ofusstudentstolearnD.forourstudentslearning17.______kindtotheenemyis_____crueltothepeople.A.Be;beB.Tobe;tobeC.Tobe;beingD.Being;tobe18.Nomatterhowbusyheis,he______atleast15minutesaday.A.makesarulereadB.makesarulereadingC.makesitarulereadD.makesitaruletoread19.—IfMarydoesn’tcometoworkontime,shemaybefired.—Surelysheisnotsofoolish______it.A.asnottorealizeB.notastorealizeC.thatshedidn’trealizeD.asnotrealizing20.Ioughtto______himthenews,butIforgottodoso.A.remembertotellB.remembertellingC.haverememberedtotellD.haverememberedtelling21.I______youtheexcitingnews,butyouwerenotathome.A.meanttellingB.meanttotellC.meanttohavingtoldD.meanttotelling22.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto23.Myfriend,David,wasnotused______byair,sohefeltunwell.A.totravelB.totravelingC.travelinD.travel24.WhenIwentoutithappened______.A.torainB.rainC.toberainingD.raining25.Ifeltitanhonour______tospeakhere.A.askingB.havingaskedC.toaskD.tobeasked1.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenExercise

B2.Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only____thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldB3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappears____everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldD4.LittleTomshouldlove____tothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.takingA5.Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto____manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto____plasticsproducts.A.make;usingB.making;usingC.making;useD.make;useA6.Withalotofproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledC7.He___andwasmadetorepeatit.A.didn’tunderstandB.didn’tbeunderstoodC.wasn’tunderstandD.wasn’tunderstoodD8.Thepupilshere____allkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfourweeks.A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoingC.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoingD9.Visitors____nottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequestedD10.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedB1.Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourcomputer

to____________(repair).2.Iknewhim___________________(catch)by

thepolice.3.Avoteisrequired______________(take)inourcompanyatonce.4.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved______________(steal)it.berepairedtohavebeencaughttobetakentohavestolen练习7.Ihope_______________(admit)toZhongshanUniversity.8.Thebookissaidto____________________(translate)intoseverallanguages.9.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_________________(welcome)intotheirsociety.10.Comeon!Itisaneasysentence______________(translate).11.WhenIcamein,hepretendedto_____________.(read)13.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking.totranslatetobewelcomedhavebeentranslatedtobeadmittedbereadingnottodrive14.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen______________(hear),butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.15.Heseems____________________（punish)

byhisteacheryesterday.tohaveheardtohavebeenpunished16.Theschoolorderedalltheclassroom_________________(clean).17.Mygrandmotherseemstohavealot____________(worry)about.18.Iamgoingtothepostoffice.Doyouhaveanyletter______________(post)?19.Youareluckyenough____________________(notcatch)intherain.tobecleanedtoworry

tobepostednottohavebeencaught二、翻译练习1.据说这会议已经被取消了.2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸.6.她假装没有听懂我说的话.7.我希望被中山大学录取。

8.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。

1.据说这会议已经被取消了

Themeetingissaidtohavebeencancelled.2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。

Thestudentseemstohavelostinterestinpolitics.3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。

Thedisableddon’tliketobelaughedat.4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。

Thereisnotimetowaste/bewasted5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸

ItisagreathonortobeinvitedtotheEnglishClub.6.她假装没有听懂我说的话。

Shepretendednottounde