考研英语模拟试卷289

考研英语模拟试卷289

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpast

lives,[1]aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarcnotsimplyrandomortrivial

memories,[2]istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson's

recollectionsofthepasthelpto[3]anidentitythatisbecoir.ingincreasinglyfragile:

[4]anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide[5]tothefuture,the

individualmentionshispastasareminder(olisteners,thatherewasalife[6]living.

[7],thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife[8],inwhichtheperson[9]the

eventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand[10]ontheoverallmeaningofhisor

herownalmostcompletedlife.Asthelifecycle[11]toitsclose,theagedmustalso

learntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.[12]thistaskismadedifficult

bythefactthatdeathisalmosta[13]subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussion

ofdeathisoftenregardedas[14].Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningand

are[15]tothinkaboutit—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit[161thepresenceof

someonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo[17]onlyinthemodern

industrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto[18]the

ideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains[19]ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonly

oneofthenaturalprocesses[20]isso.

1、

A、betterthan

B、ratherthan

C、lessthan

D、otherthan

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语义衔接题。从上下文文意可知，文章是在谈论老年人喜欢回忆过

去，而不是讨论未来,故[B]ratherthan正确。ratherthan为并列连词,可以连接形

容词、动词、名词、副词、不定式等，其意为“而不是"。[A]betterthan"比…好”;

[C]lessthan"比...少”；[D]otherthan意为“不同于…，除了…”;这三项均与上下文

在语义上构不成衔接。

2、

A、so

B、even

C、nor

D、hardly

标准答案：C

知识点解析：结构衔接题。首先根据本句中前半部分为否定句可以判断，选项也应

表达否定意义，与前面的not结构照应，所以答案应选[C]。nor引导否定句，与

not构成not...nor…句型，意为“既不…也不…”，且句子倒装。[A]so引导肯定句，

例如：I'vegotanenormousamountofworktodo.—SohaveI.：[B]even是副词，意、

为“即使,甚至“：[D]hardly意为“几乎不”,虽然也表示否定，但与not形不成结构

照应。

3、

A、preserve

B、conserve

C、resume

D、assume

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语义衔接题。所填词与identity搭配，“身份、地位“需要保留，所以

选[A]preserve“保留，收藏"，强调'‘使之完好无损或质量不变[BJconserve"保存，

保藏，保重”，强调“珍惜，节约使用”，通过保存或节约来达到持久的效果，一般

与energy,health,resources等搭配，例如：consen-enaturalresources”保护自然资

源”；©resume意为“停顿后又重新开始“；[D|assume意为“假设，采取”。

4.

A^performing

B、playing

C、undertaking

D、lacking

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语义衔接题。从上下文语义分析，identiiy...fragile,既然身份已经岌

岌可危，那么他们自然是不再受人尊敬，所以应选lacking与role搭配，意为“不再

扮演这种角色"。[A]Perfom)arole和[B]play...role意为”起作用,承担角色”，与上

下文语义不符；[C]undertake意为“承担，担任”，常见的搭配词为undertake

responsibility/atask,不与role搭配“

5、

A、orientation

implication

C、succession

D^presentation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语义衔接题。此处需一个名词与t。thefutu代搭配，故选项

[A]orienlation正确。orienlaiion意为“方向”，常与介词lo/(owards搭配，在此表示

未来的方向°[B]implication”含意,暗示”、[Qsuccession"连续,接替”、

[D]preseniation”赠送，递交，提出''均不能与thefuture构成语义上的衔接。

6、

A^worthy

B、worth

C、worthless

D、worthwhile

标准答案：B

知识点解析：惯用衔接题。常用固定结构heworth+名词/doing意为“值得”，此处的

名词往往是钱数或相当于代价的比喻性名词，例如：It'sworththetimeandeffortwe

devotedtoito另外，worth后面的动名词总是用主动形式表达被动意义，例如：It

isworthconsidering.,因此选项［B］符合题意。［A］worthy意为"值得“，beworthyof+

名词/lodo,例如：Itisworthyofthenameo|C|worthless意为“无价值的"，与句意

不符；［D］worthwhile意为“值得的”,作表语或定语,例如：Itwasaworthwhile

attempteven(houghitfailedioachieveitsaim.

7、

A、Inaword

B、Inbrief

C、Inaddition

D、Inparticular

标准答案：C

知识点解析；逻辑衔接题。文章前一句说回忆有助于老年人保留住他们的身份，后

一句说回忆成为了老年人不断回顾的生活的一部分，根据上下逻辑关系推断此处需

填表示递进的短语Inaddition“另外”，故答案为［C］。［A］Inaword意为“总而言之，

一句话“、［B］Inbrief意为“简言之”,均属于总结陈词；［D］Inparticular意为“特别

地“，无法在文意上对文章起衔接作用。

8、

A、prospect

B、impetus

C、impression

D、review

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语义衔接题。本空前面的memory与本空形成语义场共现关系。既然

是记忆，肯定是发生过的事情，那么也就是lifereview“生活回顾”，故答案为［D］。

［A］prospect意为“展望，前景”，指事情发生的可能性，前景只能展望，不能是回

忆，所以排除；［B］impelus意为“动力，推动力"、［C］impression意为“印象”，与文

章语义不能衔接。

9、

A、integrates

B、incorporates

C、includes

D^interacts

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语义衔接题。根据原文，老年人的生活回顾是指把过去发生的事件和

他们的经历综合起来，故选项［A|integrates正确。integrate意为“把…集成，使…完

整：综合”，常与介词with,into连用。如：tointegratetheorywithpractice”理论与

实践相结合［B|incorpo闻es意为“合并，结合(成一体)“；［Concludes意为“包含

(作为其中的一部分)”；［D］interacts意为“与…交往/沟通”。

10、

A、reckons

B、counts

C、reflects

D、conceives

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义衔接题。所选词要与on搭配，故首先排除［D］conceive”构想

出“，相当于imagine或invent,conceive与of搭配，不与on搭配。其他三项与on

搭配，意思分别为［A］reckons(on)意为“指望，盼望"、［B］counts(on)意为“指望”、

［0.reflects(on/upon)意为“回想，反思此处需一个动词与下文的theoverall

meaningof...life搭配，因此只有“思考生命的意义''才能使上下文意思通顺，故选

［C］o

11、

A、keeps

B、draws

C^inclines

D、tends

标准答案：B

知识点解析：惯用衔接题。文章要表达的是“生命即将结束”的意思，drawtoaclose

意为“接近结束”，因此［B］符合语义。其他选项虽均可搭配to,但语义上构不成衔

接关系。keep(to)意为“遵守诺言，坚持“；incline(tosth./iodo)意为“倾向于”；

tend(tosth./todo)意为“照料，倾向于照

12、

A、Therefore

B、And

C、Yet

D^Otherwise

标准答案：C

知识点解析：逻辑衔接题。从文章的下文来看，此句表示语气转折，前一句讲面对

即将死亡的现实，下一句讲这种任务(坦然面对死亡)并不容易做到，因此选项

［QYet符合逻辑。［A］Therefbre”因此」表因果关系：［B］And表并列关系:

[D]Oiherwise,,否则，不然1表示前面提到的条件不被满足的情况下会发生的结

果。

13、

A、taboo

B、dispute

C、contempt

D^neglect

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语义衔接题。根据文章意思，对于老年人来说，谈论死亡是一个禁

忌,故选[A]taboos”禁忌，忌讳[B]dispute“争端”；©contempt“蔑视”；

[D]ncglcct“疏忽，不留心”。本空所需要填入的是一个具有形容词词性的词语，由

此也可以判断，后三项不符合题意。

14、

A^notorious

B、indecent

C、obscure

desperate

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语义衔接题。根据上下文，上句说死亡是忌讳的话题，因此，木处所

填词应与“谈论禁忌话题”构成语义衔接。indecent意为“不成体统的，不体面的”，

谈论禁忌话题（包括死亡）在各种文化中一般都会被看作是不成体统的，故选[B]。

[Alnolorious意为“臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的“，有点过于夸大事实；[C]obscure意

为“晦涩的；偏僻的，模糊的"，不符合语义；[D]dcspcra忙意为“绝望的，拼命的，

极度的“，与次]一样，有点过于夸张。

15、

A、ready

B、willing

C、liable

D、reluctant

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语义衔接题。本题要选择一个合适的形容词作表语，来描述人们对谈

论死亡的态度。在本空前面，文章提到,findthetopicfrightening,既然是令人恐

惧的，人们自然不情愿去恁它。[D]reluctant意为“质强的,不情愿的”，符合文意。

其他三选项虽然都可与I。连用,但不符合句意：[Already“乐意的"；[B]willing"愿

意的”；©liable"有…倾向的”。

16、

A、at

B、on

C>with

D、in

标准答案：D

知识点解析：惯用衔接题。本句要表达的意思是：当然更不会在垂死的人面前谈论

它。inthepresenceof意为“当着…的面，在…在场的情况下”，为固定搭配，所以

选［D］。

17、

A、status

B、circumstance

C、environment

D、priority

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语义衔接题。所填词作achieve的宾语，符合这一搭配的选项只有

［A］status“地位”，说明在现代工业社会里死亡才取得了这一地位。［B］circumstance

指“某事件或动作发生时的情况”，一般用复数，常以以下短语形式出现：under/in

suchcircumstances”在这种情况F”；©environment意为“环境（总称）”，强调环绕着

某一特定的人或物，同时往往着重对该人/物的影响，例如：Hegrewupinan

environmentofpoverty；［Dpriority意为“优先权”,可搭配的动词为take,geto

18,

A^encounter

B、confront

C^tolerate

D、expose

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语义衔接题。从语义上分析，首先排除选项［C］⑹erale“容忍”，“忍受

谈论死亡的话题”与文章的主题“人们不愿谈论死亡的话题'湘悖。其他三个选项都

有“遇见，遭遇”的意思。其中［DJexpose通常用被动语态beexposedto”暴露于“，可

以排除；选项［A］encounter意为“邂逅，遭遇（危险、麻烦、反对等）“；|BIconfront

意为“面对困境/人”，尤其强调“困境”，且人们又不得不面对。从文意来看,死亡

是一个人们不愿触及的但乂是不可避免的话题，因此出Iconfront更契合文意。

19、

A^under

B、above

C、beyond

D、within

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义、惯用衔接题。首先根据文意和常识可以判断，［A］和［D］明显不

符合语义,因为死亡是不在人们控制范闱2内的：再根据惯用法，可以确定答案为

［C］beyondobeyond意为“超出（范围、可能性）；非（能力等）可及''，偏重于客观事物

非本身能力所能到或完成，beyondcontrol意为“在控制范围之外”。[B]above与

control一般不连用，故排除。

20、

A、which

B、what

C、as

D、that

标准答案：D

知识点解析：结构衔接题。此处缺一个引导定语从句的关系代词，因为句中先行词

naturalprocesses{4theonly修饰，故［D^hat。正确。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共2。题，每题7.0

分,共20分。）

TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeand

banking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.The

systemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidly

becomingdefunct.Theguildsthemselves,dominatedhythemastercraftsmen,hadgrown

selfishandexclusive.Membershipinthemwascommonlyrestrictedtoafewprivileged

families.Besides,theyweresocompletelychokedbytraditionthattheywereunableto

makeadjustmentstochangingconditions.Moreover,newindustrieshadsprungup

entirelyoutsidetheguildsystem.Characteristicexampleswereminingandsmeltingand

（hewoolenindustry.Therapiddevelopmentoftheseenterpriseswasstimulatedby

technicaladvances,suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofa

newmethodofmakingbrass,whichsavedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.Inthe

miningandsmeltingindustriesaformoforganizationwasadoptedsimilartothatwhich

hasprevailedeversince.Butthemosttypicalformofindustrialproductioninthe

CommercialRevolutionwasthedomesticsystem,developedfirstofallinthewoolen

industry.Thedomesticsystemderivesitsnamefromthefactihattheworkwasdonein

thehomesofindustrialartisansinsteadofintheshopofamastercraftsman.Sincethe

variousjobsinthemanufactureofaproductweregivenoutoncontract,thesystemis

alsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,the

organizationwasbasicallycapitalistic.Therawmaterialwaspurchasedbyan

entrepreneurandassignedtoindividualworker,eachofwhomwouldcompletehis

allottedtaskfbrastipulatedpayment.Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwould

begivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers,fullers,anddyerin

succession.Whentheclothwasfinallyfinished,ilwouldbetakenbytheclothierand

soldintheopenmarketforthehighestpriceitwouldbring.

21>Accordingtothearticle,whatchangesdidtheCoinmercialRevolutionbringabout?

A、Methodsofproduction

B、Appearanceofcraftguilds

C>Increasedtradevolume

D^Growthoftrade,bankingandmethodsofproduction

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由本文前两句"notconfined...,includedinitalso…''不仅限于贸易和

银行业的增长，生产方式的重大改变也包括在其中。可知正确答案是D,

22、Theword"defunct"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A、popular

B、obsolete

C、potential

D^flourishing

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据后文语义作答：手工艺人只将手艺传给家族内部成员，不懂得顺

应时代发展做出改变，而且，新的产业在手工艺人体系之外蓬勃发展起来。因此这

里填的单词意思应为：“下降的”。

23、Accordingto(hearticle,inwhichareawasitmoreenergy-efficient?

A、Smeltingindustry

B、Miningindustry

C、Banking

D、Weaving

标准答案：A

知识点解析：注意原文：thediscoveryofanewmethodormakingbrass,whichsaved

abouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused,而制造黄铜属于冶炼业。

24、Theauthorimpliesthat.

A^Theguildsystemwasmoreefficient

B、Thedomesticsystemwascapitalistic

C、Thetechnicaladvancesstimulatedtheguildsystem

D^Thedomesticsystemwasnotasefficientastheguildsystem

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文中提示：Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,the

organizationwasbasicallycapitalistic.尽管生声规模小，家庭工厂经基本上是资

本主义形式的了。

25、Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A^Technicaladvancesstimulatedthedevelopmentofenterprises

B、Inthewoolenindustry,weaverswouldpasson(heirproductstospinners

C、Thedomesticsystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem

D、Theword"clothier"issynonymousto"entrepreneur"inthiscontext

标准答案：B

知识点解析：原文：In(hecaseof(hewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirst

ofalltothespinners,thentctheweavers,fullers,anddyerinsuccession.可见B项

叙述把spinner和weaver的次序颠倒了。

Insomeways,theUnitedStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy

18,000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof

2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverly

HillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100

Americansdiedinafire.Butevenwithsuchsuccesses,theUnitedStatesstillhasoneof

theworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoney

nortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriously

enough.Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbest-equipped.

Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan'spopulation,and40timesasmany

fires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire­

safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylarge

numbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.Expertssay

thefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarcnotreallyanyone'sfault.Thatisnotsoinother

countries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailing

oracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,that

burnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27.Penaltiesforcausingaseverefire

bynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.IntheUnitedStates,mosteducation

dollarsarespentinelementaryschools.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimited

audience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarccausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.

TheUnitedStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnology(hanlawsorsocialpressure.

Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingcodesnow

requirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.

26>ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat.

A、Theytooknointerestinnewtechnology

theydidnotattachgreatimportancetopreventingfires

C、theyshowedindifferencetofightingfires

D、theydidnotspendenoughmoneyonfirefacilities

标准答案：B

知识点解析:attach...to…意为”把(重点等)放在...^preventingfires意为“防止火

灾''据第二段第二句得知，“引起美国火灾不是钱和技术问题，而是国家重视不

够”。因此说有这么多美国人死于火灾的原因是他们没把重点放在防止火灾上。

“take…seriously"，表示“对...重视

27、Althoughthefiredeathratehasdeclined,theUnitedStates.

A、stillhastheworstfiredeathrateintheworld

B、isstillalerttothefireproblem

C、isstilltrainingalargenumberofsafetyexperts

D^isstillconfrontedwiththeseriousfireproblem

标准答案：D

知识点解析：beconfroniedwi【h/by...意为“面临...”。据第二段第一句，第三段第

三、四、五句得知“美国仍然面临严重的火灾，而且人在火灾中的死亡率较

岛...”。乍看此题，好像选A也对,但要注意A中的“hastheworstfiredeathrate"

不等于短文中的“hasoneoftheworstfiredeathrates”。

28Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A、firesafetylessonsshouldbeaimedatAmericanadults

B、Americanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylesson

C、JapanisbetterequippedwithfirefacilitiesthantheUnitedStates

D^America'slargepopulationaccountsforhightfirefrequency

标准答案：A

知识2解析：据第五段可以得知，防火教育之费用用在小学，而儿童玩火引起的火

灾仅占9%,因此作者暗示防火教育也应该针对美国成年人。

29、InwhataspectsshouldtheUnitedStateslearnfromJapan?

A、Architectureandbuildingmaterial.

B、Educationandtechnoloov.

C、Lawsandattitude.

D、Alloftheabove.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：据第三段第二句、第四段分析得知，美国应在对火灾的处理态度上和

立法上向口本国家学习。第四段中的“theothercountries”也包括口本国家。

30、TonarrowthegapbetweenthefiredeathrateintheUnitedStatesandthatinother

countries,theauthorsuggests.

A、developingnewtechnology

B、countingmoreonlawsandsocialpressure

C、placingafireextinguisherineveryfamily

D、reinforcingthesafenessofhouseholdappliances

标准答案：B

知识点解析：counton…意为"依靠”，题中的Tonarrowthegapbetween...and...

意为“缩短……与……的距离本文作者在最后一段中表示了对美国仅仅依靠消防

技术降低火灾死亡率的做法不满。认为要依法和社会舆论压力去减少火灾。

Inolddays,whenaglimpseofstockingwaslookeduponassomethingfartooshocking

todistracttheseriousworkofanoffice,secretariesweremen.ThencainethefirstWorld

Warandthemalesecretarieswerereplacedbywomen.Aman'ssecretarybecamehis

personalservant,chargedwithrememberinghiswife'sbirthdayandbuyingherpresents;

takinghissuitsto(hedrycleaners;tellingliesonthetelephone(okeeppeoplehedidnot

wishtospeaktoatbayand,ofcourse,typingandfilingandukingshorthand.Nowall

(hismaybechangingagain.ThemicrochipandhightechnologyissweepingtheBritish

office,takingwithitmuchoftheroutineclericalworkthatsecretariesdid."Onceoffice

technologytakesovergenerally,thestatusofthejobwillriseagainbecauseitwill

involveonlythehigh-poweredwork-and(henmenwillwantiodoitagain."Thatwas

saidbyoneoftheexecutives(male)ofoneofthebiggestsecretarialagenciesinthis

country.WhathehaspredictedisalreadyunderwayintheUS.Onegirldescribedtome

arecenttemporaryjobplacingmeninsecretarialjobsinSanFrancisco.Shenotedthatall

themenshedealtwithappearedtobegaysopossiblythatisjustanewtwisttotheold

story.Overhere,though,therearemencomingontothejobmarketassecretaries.

Classically,girlshavelearnedshorthandandtypingandgoneintoacompanytoseek

(heirfortunefromthebottom-----and(hat'swhathappened(oJohnBowman.Although

hejoinedanationalgrocerychainassecretarytoitsfirstworr.anseniormanager,hehas

sincebeenpromotedtoanadministrationjob."IfilledintheapplicationformandsaidI

coulddoaudio/typing,andinfactIwastheonlyapplicant.Thegirlswerereluctantto

workforthisyoung,glamorousnewwomanwithallthispowerinthefirm.""Idid

typingatschool,andthenacommercialcourse.Ijustthoughtitwouldbeusefulfindinga

job.Inevergotanyfunnytreatmentfromthegirls,thoughIadmitI'venevermetanother

malesecretary.ButthenIjoinedthePostOfficeasaclerkandcarelesslyplayedwiththe

typewriter,andwroteletters,andthoughtthatafterallsecretariesweregettingagood

£1,000ayearmorethanclerkslikeme.Therewasashortageat(hatlime,yousee.""It

wassimplerworkingforawoman(hanforaman.Ifoundshemadedecisions,shetold

everybodywhatshethought,andtherewasnoneofthatstuffringthisnumberforme

dear,whichmengoinfor.""Don'tforget,wewereateam——that'showIaboutit—not

bossandservantbuttwopeopledoingdifferentthingsforthesamepurpose."Oncehigh

technologyhasmadethejobofsecretarylessroutine,willtherebemaletakeover?Men

shouldbewareofthinkingthattheycanwalkrightintothebetterjobs.Therearealotof

womensecretarieswhowilldothejobaswellastheybecausetheyarcasefficientand

welltrainedtocopewithwordprocessorsandcomputers,andmen.

31、BeforethefirstWorldWar,femalesecretarieswererarebecausethey.

A^worestockings

B、werenotasseriousasmen

C^werelessefficientthanmen

D、wouldhavedisturbedtheotherofficeworkers

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第一段就说明了，在以前秘书都是男性，因为人们认为女性在办

公室的出现会影响其他员工的工作。

32、Asecretaryinthefuturewill

A、bebetterpaid

B、havelessworktodo

C、havehigherstatus

D、havemoreworktodo

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由第四段可以得到答案。

33、JohnBowmanwasgivenhisfirstjobasasecretarybecause

A、hewaslucky

B、nooneelseapplied

C、hehadthebestqualifications

D、hewantedtoworkforawoman

标准答案：B

知识点解析：JohnBowman得到这份秘书工作是因为“Hewastheonlyapplicant”。

34、Whenhewasapostofficeclerk,secretarieswerebetterpaidbecause.

A^(heywereinshortage

B、theywerebettertrained

C、theyworkedlongerhours

D^theyhadgreaterresponsibility

标准答案：A

知识点解析：参看文章倒数第四段最后一句话。

35、Thewriterbelievesthatbeforelong.

A、menandwomenwillcompeteforsecretarialwork

B、menwilltakeoverwomen'sjobsassecretaries

C、womenwilloperatemostofficemachines

menwillbebetterwithmachines

标准答案：A

知识点解析：作者在文章最后一句话中指出，女性也将能胜任男性所从事的这项工

作。

Thoughitismere1to3percentofthepopulation,theupperclasspossessesatleast25

percentofthenation'swealth.Thisclasshastwosegments:upper-upperandlower-

upper.Basically,theupper-upperclassisthe"oldrich"—familiesthathavebeenwealthy

forseveralgenerations—anaristocracyofbirthandwealth.TncirnamesarcintheSocial

Register,alistingofacceptablemembersofhighsociety.Afewarcknownacrossthe

nation,suchastheRockefellers,Roosevelts,andVanderbilts.Mostarcnotvisibletothe

generalpublic.Theyliveingrandseclusion,drawingtheirincomefromtheinvestmentof

(heirinheritedwealth.Incontrast,thelower-upperclassisthe"newrich”.Althoughthey

maybewealthierthansomeoftheoldrich;thenewrichhavehustledtomaketheir

moneylikeeverybodyelsebeneaththeirclass.Thustheirprestigeisgenerallylower(han

(hatoftheoldrich,whohavenotfounditnecessarytoliftafinger(omake(heirmoney,

andwho(endtolookdownupon(henewrich.Howeveritswealthisacquired,theupper

classisvery,veryrich.Theyhaveenoughmoneyandleisuretimetocultivateaninterest

intheartsandtocollectrarebooks,painting,andsculpture.Theygenerallylivein

exclusiveareas,belongtoexclusivesocialclubs,communicatewitheachother,and

marrytheirownkind—allofwhichkeepsthemsodistantfromthemassesthattheyhave

beencalledtheout-of-sightclass.Morethananyotherclass,theytendtobeconsciousof

beingmembersofaclass.Theyalsocommandanenormousamountofpowerand

influencehereandabroad,astheyholdmanytopgovernmentpositions,runtheCouncil

onForeighRelations,andcontrolmultinationalcorporations.Theactionsaffectthelives

ofmillions.

36、AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT（hat.

A^theupper-upperclassisofaristocraticorigin

B、the"oldrich"enjoyhigherprestigethanthe"newrich"

C、the"oldrich"isolatethemselvesandleadalonelylife

D、theupperclassownsatleastaquarterofthecountry'swealth

标准答案：C

知识点解析：“旧富”与世隔绝，过着孤独的生活。从第二段可知，虽然他们深居简

III，但他们并不寂寞。他们有足够的金钱和时间培养艺术爱好和收集稀有书籍、画

作和雕塑。他们进出专门的俱乐部并互相交流。选项A,B,D都在第一段被提

及。A,上等阶层有贵族血统。B,“旧富”比“新贵”享有更高的声望。D,上等阶层

.至少拥有全国财富的l/4o

37、The"oldrich"getricher.

A、throughtheSocialRegister

B、throughtheirreputation

C、byinvestingtheirinheritedwealth

D、hycollectingpaintingsandsculptures

标准答案：C

知识点解析：通过用继承来的财产投资。从第一段可知，他们深居简出，通过用继

承来的财产投资来获取收入。A,通过社会名人录。B,通过他们的名声。D,通

过收集画作和雕塑。

38、Thereasonwhythe"oldrich"lookdownuponthe"newrich"isthat.

A、（heformerarewealthierthanthelatter

B、thelattersweatthemselvestomakemoney

C、the"newrich"havenointerestinarts

D、（he"oldrich"areconsciousofbeingmembersoftheupperclass

标准答案：B

知识点解析：后者拼命靠工作来赚钱。从第一段段尾可知，“新贵”与其他人一样靠

拼命工作来赚钱，而那些“旧富”却不必付出任何努力去赚钱，因此他们瞧不起那些

“新贵”。A,前者比后者富有.从文中可知，“新贵”比有的“旧富”要富有。C,“新

贵''对艺术不感兴趣。D,“旧富”意识到自己是上层社会的一员。

39、Theupperclassisalsocalledtheout-of-sightclassbecause.

A、（heykeepawayfromthegeneralpublic

B、theyspendmostoftheirtimeabroad

C、theydon'tcommunicatewithanypeople

D、theymovefrequentlyfromplacetoplace

标准答案：A

知识点解析：他们远离公众。从第三段可知，他们住在专门的地区，出入专门的俱

乐部,只是相42间交流,只与自己同类的人结婚。他们沅离大众，因此被称为看

不见的阶层。B,他们大多数时间在国外。C,他们不和任何人交流。D,他们经

常从一个地方搬到另一个地方。

40、Wccanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A、theupperclassispowerfulandinfluential

B、theupperclasscollectsrarebookstomakemoney

C、theupperclassholdsalltopgovernmentpositions

D^(he"oldrich"makesmuchmoremoneythanthe"newrich"

标准答案：A

知识点解析：上等阶层有权势，影响力大。从文末可知，他们在国内和国外都拥有

巨大的权势和影响力，因为他们占据了很多政府高职，掌管对外关系委员会，控制

跨国公司，他们的行为影响众多人的生活。B,上等阶层收集稀有书籍以挣钱。

C,上等阶层占据政府所有高职。D,“旧富”比“新贵”挣的钱多很多。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题分，共

5分。)

Almosteverydayweseesomethinginthepapersaboutthelatestexcitingdevelopments

inthespacerace.Photographsareregularlyflashedtotheearthfromthousandsandeven

millionsofmilesaway.Theyareprintedinournewspapersandshownonourtelevision

screensasavisibleproofoftheman'snewestachievements.Thephotographsneatlysum

uptheresultsofthesemassiveefforts(o'conquerspace'andatthesametimethey

exposedtheabsurdityoftheundertaking.Allwecanseeisanindistinguishableblobthat

issupposedtorepresentaplanetseenfromseveralthousandmilesaway.Wearegoingto

endupwithalittlemoon-dustandafewstoneswhichwillbeputbehindglassinsome

museum.(41)(42)Itisjustanextensionoftheraceforpoweron

earth.Onlythewealthiestnationscancompeteandtheydosointhenameofpure

scientificresearch.Butinreality,alltheyareinterestedinispowerandprestige.They

wanttoimpressus,theirspectators,withamagnificentshowofstrength.Manhasplayed

thepowergameeversinceheappearedonearth.Nowheisplayingitasithasneverbeen

playedbefore.Thespaceraceisjustanotheraspectoftheage-oldargumentthat"might

isright".(43)Butwhathasthespaceracedonetorelievethesufferingofthe

earth'sstarvingmillions?Inwhatwayhasitraisedthestandardoflivingofanyoneof

us?Asfaras(helaymanisconcerned,thepracticalresultsofallthisexpenditureof

moneyandeffortsarenegligible.Thanks(ospaceresearch,wecannowseetelevision

picturestransmittedlivehalfwayacrosstheglobeand(hehousewifecanusenon-stick

fryingpansinthekitchen.Thewholethingbecomesutterlyabsurdwhenyouthinkthat

nomatterwhatproblemsmanovercomes,itisunlikelythathewilleverbeabletotravel

eventotheneareststar.(44)Forthefirsttimeinhishistory,manhasthe

overwhelmingtechnologicalresourcestocombathumansuffering,yethesquandersthem

onmeaninglesspursuits.(45)Individualswithlimitedbudgetsusuallyget

theirprioritiesright;theyprovidethemselveswithnecessitiesbeforetryingtoobtain

luxuries.Whycan'tgreatnationsactinthesamesensibleway?Letusputourhousein

orderfirstandletspacelookafteritself.[A]Anincreasingnumberofpeopleevenbegin

topictureaspacetravelinrecentyears.[B]Poverty,hunger,diseaseandwarareman's

greatestenemiesandtheworldwouldbeaninfinitelybetterplaceifthepowerfulnations

devotedhalfasmuchmoneyandefforttotheseproblemsastheydotothespacerace.[C]

Thespaceraceisnotsimplytheobjectivesearchforknowledgethoughitisoftenmade

outtobe.[D]Ontheotherhand,peoplebenefitdramaticallyfromthedevelopmentof

scienceandtechnology.[E]Thisishardlyvalueformoneywhenyouthinkthatourown

earthcanprovidecountlesssightsthatareinfinitelymoreexcitingandspectacular.|F]

Weareoftentold（hattechnologicalknow-how,acquiredinattemptingtogetusinto

orbit,willbeutilizedtomakebetteronearth.|G1Ifamandeprivedhimselfandhis

familyoffoodinordertobuyandrunacar,wewouldconsiderhimmad.

41、

标准答案：E

知识点露析：从文中给出的内容我们粗略地知道文章谈论的是一篇有关太空竞争方

面的科技议论文。作者对于把技术用于太空科技而不是消除贫穷、饥饿、疾病和战

争持否定的态度。从第一段中“Thephotographsneatlysumuptheresultsofthese

massiveeffortsto4conquerspace'andatthesametime-theyexposedtheabsurdityofthe

undertaking”的内容可以判断出来，这句后面的信息应该是“exposedtheabsurdityof

theundertaking”的具体说明,在本空格中，空格前的内容谈到太空探索的结果是

“我们最后的收获将是一点月尘和几块石头，把它们放在某个博物馆的玻璃后面展

览”。那么作者对这一结果是否定的，也就是认为结果是没有价值的。查看几个选

项的内容，只有E反映了这一点，故答案为E,同时排除A。

42、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主题句推断题。本题缺失的内容是第二段的首句。通过后面的内容我

们可以判断出这是一个主题句，空格后相邻的一句中的just是提示我们解题的关

键，说明前面一句（也就是空格所在的句子）应该也是说明太空竞争的情况，查看选

项，只有c谈到了太空竞争，与下句承接起来，文中说明的就是大国发展航天事业

的真正用心所在：不是简单的一项科学探索，而是地球上竞争的延续。

43、

标准答案：F

知识,解扁：主题句推断题。本题缺失的内容是第三段的首句。通过后面的内