考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷287

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷287

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Whenoneofhisemployeesphonedinsicklastyear,ScottMcDonald,CEOof

MonumentSecurityinSacramento,California.,decidedtoinvestigate.Hehadalready

informedhisstaffof400securityguardsandpatroldriversthathewasinstallingXora,a

softwareprogramthattracksworkers'whereaboutsthroughGPStechnologyontheir

companycellphones.AWeb-based"geo-fence'1aroundworkterritorieswouldalertthe

bossifworkersstrayedorevendrovetoofast.Italsoenabledhimtorouteworkersmore

efficiently.SowhenMcDonaldloggedon,theprogramtoldhimexactlywherehis

workerwas—anditwasn'tinbedwiththesniffles."Howcomeyou'reeastboundon80

headingtoRenorightnowifyou'resick?"askedtheboss.Therewasalongsilence—the

soundofajobending—followedby,“Yougotme."Learnthattruth,andlearnitwell:

whatyoudoatworkistheboss'sbusiness.Xoraisjustoneofthenewtechnologiesfrom

ahostofcompaniesthathavesprungupinthepasttwoyearspeddlingproductsand

services-software,GPS,videoandphonesurveillance,eveninvestigators-thatlet

managersgettoknowyoureallywell."Virtuallynothingyoudoatworkonacomputer

can'tbemonitored,nsaysJeremyGruber,legaldirectoroftheNationalWorkrights

Institute,whichadvocatesworkplaceprivacy.Nineoutof10employersobserveyour

electronicbehavior,accordingtotheCenterforBusinessEthicsatBentleyCollege.A

studybytheAmericanManagementAssociationandtheePolicyInstitutefound76%of

employerswatchyousurftheWeband36%trackcontent,keystrokesandtimespentat

thekeyboard.Youcan'treallyblamecompaniesforwatchingourWebhabits,since45%

ofusadmitthatsurfingisourfavoritetimewaster,accordingtoajointsurveyby

SandAOL.ANortheasttechnologycompanyfoundthatseveralemployees

whofrequentlycomplainedofoverworkspentalldayonMyS-.Businesses

arguethattheirsnoopingisjustified.Notonlyarctheytryingtoguardtradesecretsand

intellectualproperty,buttheyalsomustensurethatworkerscomplywithgovernment

regulations,suchaskeepingmedicalrecordsandcredit-cardnumbersprivate.And

companiesareliableforallowingahostileworkenvironment—say,onefilledwithpom-

filledcomputerscreens—thatmayleadtolawsuits."Peoplewriteverylooselywiththeir

e-mails,buttheycanunintentionallyreachthousands,likepostersthroughoutawork

site,"saysCharlesSpearmanofdiversity-managementconsultantsTuckerSpearman&

Associates."Inaninvestigation,thatc-mailcanbeoneofthemostpersuasivepiecesof

evidence.',

1、ScottMcDonaldfiredoneofhisemployeesbecausetheemployee

A^didn'taccomplishhisjobwell.

B、drovetoofast.

C、covereduphisillness.

D、cheatedwhenheaskedforleave.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：因果细节题。根据人名可定位到第一段。根据段末Scott所说的话可

知有一名员工向Scoll请病假，但Scotl发现他/她并没有卧床林息，而是正开车

去宙诺。段末的ajobending对应题干中的fired,因此可知被开除的缘由是该员匚

的欺骗行为，故选D。

2、Xoraisasoftwareprogramusedto

A、improvemanagemen:expertiseofadministrators.

B>familiarizepeoplewiththeinvestigatedperson.

C^pinpointpeople'slocationandwhereabouts.

D^combatGPSinsurveillancetechnology.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第一段第二句话“该软件程序能利用公司所配发手

机上的全球卫星定位系统(GPS)技术掌握员工的行踪”和第二段第二句话中的“Xora

仅仅是众多监控技术中fl勺一种“可得知Xora是一项监控行踪的技术，因此C项正

确。

3、ThestudybytheAmericanManagementAssociationshowedthat

A、informationonapubliccomputerisnotconfidential.

B、peopleshouldtrytopreventthemselvesfrombeingspied.

C>usingcomputersatworkmightposeathreattoprivacy.

D、employeesshouldsteptheirelectronicbehaviorunrelatedtowork.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据AmericanManagementAssociation定位到第三段，

会发现作者提及这项研究的目的是为了支持JeremyGruber对于工作隐私(workplace

privacy)的论点，C项出现athreattoprivacyprotection,与此对应。

4、Theword"snooping"(Line1,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeans

A、scrambling.

B、mquiring.

C^invading.

D、researching.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：词义理解题。根据文章主题以及文中的investigate,track,route和

monitor等词可猜出snoop的意义应与这些词相近，因此最有可能的意思应是B项

的inquire"询问，打听”。

5、Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A、Businesssnoopingisreasonableandshouldbepromoted.

B、Employersareinfavoroftheideaofbusinesssnooping.

C>Upgradedsurveillancecanhelpguardagainstlegalcharges.

D、Privacycanbealwaysrevealedtothepublicasevidence.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话通企业坚称窥探员工是合理的''可

知B项正确。

TheGowanusCanalinBrooklynisnotoriouslytoxic.Since1869,themile-long

waterwayhasbeenadumpinggroundforgarbage,industrialwaste,gunsandbody

parts—itswatersoncetoodirtytosearch.Todayyoucanstillstandonabridgeoverthe

canalandseeunderwearfloatingonthewater.Theodcr,oncealmostunbearable,has

softenedintoanoccasionalsummerstink,thankstoafushingtunnelinstalled10years

ago.Agrowingnumberofartistsandyoungpeoplehavemovedintotheindustriallofts

androwhousesnearby.Someofihemostoblivioushavebeenspottedonthecanalin

canoes,theirpaddlesstirring140yearsworthofdelritus(smallpiecesofrubbish)froin

leatherfactories,chemicalplantsandmore.Now,theseGowanuspioneerswant

somebodytofinallydetoxifytheirhazardousneighborhood.Theyimagineitas

Brooklyn'slittleVenice,althoughabitcleaner.TheEnvironmentalProtection

Agency(EPA)isconsideringnamingtheGowanusanofficialSuperfundsite.Thatwould

bringinaslowbutsteadyfederalcleanupwithmoneyandthelegalinfluencetoforce

polluterstohelppay.ThepresentMayoroftheNewYorkCityalsowantsacleaner

Gowanus,buthewantstodoithisway.AtacommunityboardmeetingTuesdaynight,

about200peoplelistenedasthemayor'sexpertsarguedagainstaSuperfundlisting.It

wasahardcrowdtomove.Manyworeabuttonthatsaiditall:"GowanusCanal:

SuperfundMe."ThemayorandhisteamareparticularlyworriedabouthowaSuperfund

sitewouldaffecttherealestatemarket,especiallyafewpossibilitiesforlarger

developmentsinthearea.Insteadofbeing"stigmatized"bytheSuperfundlabel,asthey

putit,theyfavorthe"SuperfundAlternative"plan.Althoughtherearefewdetailsatthis

point,thateffortwouldberunbythecityandoverseenbytheEPA.Everyyear,thecity

wouldrushtocollectfundsfromtheCorpsofEngineersandotheragenciestohelpclean

uptheareatotheEPA'ssatisfaction.Thecitycouldonlypleadwithpolluterstohelppay.

Withsomanypollutantsandsomanypolluters,thislookslikeajobforSuperfund.

Brooklyncanhandlethelabel.Residenlsalreadyenjoyboastingabouttheirsurvivalor

jokingaboutlivingnearthecanal'sdarkhumors.Whyelsehaveapopularbarcalledthe

GowanusYachtClub?Theyjustwantthecleanupdoneanddoneright.

6、Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby

A、presentinganassumption.

B、narratingastory.

C、depictingaphenomenon.

D^makingacomparison.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查文章的引入手法。首段主要描述了郭瓦纳斯运河的

污染现象并追述了原因，段落末尾回到污染现状，故C项“描述现象”正确。

7、Thephrase"Someofthemostobliviousn(Line3,Paragraph2)heremeans

A、peoplewhorandomlypollutethecanal.

B、peoplewhocarelittleabouttheodor.

C、peoplewhotrytoneglectthesmell

D、peoplewhowishtocleanthecanal.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语义理解题。第二段开头就提到了“臭气''让人难以忍受，后提到仍有

人在河上泛舟，故可推测这些人不太介意这股臭气，故选B。

8、TheEPA'sproposaloflistingtheGowanusanofficialSuperfundsitewill

A、bringinefficientandcontinuouscleanuponGowanusCanal.

raisefundfromthefederalgovernment,theNewYorkCityandthepolluters.

C、turnthecommunityintoacleaner,largerandhealthiersettlement.

D、becheerfullywelcomedbythecurrentresidentsinthecommunity.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。第四段段末Itwasahardcrowdtomove意为“难以撼动

这一群人的决心可推断出民众对此项目非常支持，D项与之相符。

9、ThepresentNewYorkmayorwouldbemostlikelytoagreethat

A>thetreatmentofGowanusCanalshouldn'thamperfuturedevelopment.

B、thecityshouldshouldermoreresponsibilitiesratherthanthefederatioa

C、it'sunnecessarytoresorttothefederationforfinancialsupport.

D、it'smorepropertopleadwithpolluterstohelppay.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题，考查观点态度推断。根据presentNewYorkmayor定位

到第四、五段。A项是第五段第一句话意思的概括，

10、Thebar-name"GowanusYachtClub"expresses

A、localresidents'wishesforthefuturedevelopment.

B、localresidents'yearningfbrcleanuponGowanusCanal.

C^Gowanuspioneers,resolutiontocleanthecanal.

D、Gowaunspioneers,resentmenttowardsthemayor.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据GowanusYachiClub定位到最后一段，从全文最

后一句可以推断出当地居民对运河治理的态度。与B项所述yearningfor

cleanup“渴望整治”相符。该句中的they是指residents(,

ThequestforwisdomisasoldasSocrates,butit'salsoanup-to-the-minuteeconomic

indicator.Acontrarianone:whenthingsaregoingwell,youdon'thavetogosearching

forwisdom.ItstreamsnonstopoverCNBC,itsavatarssitatop,theForbeslistof

billionairesandeachdayitprovesagaintheeternaltruthsofthefreemarket.Thenindue

coursethingsgotohell;theeliteshumblyconfesstheirignorancetoCongressoragrand

jury,andthesearchfornewpatternsbegins.Tellingly,scholarsdatethemodemscientific

studyofwisdomtotheworkoftheAmericanpsychologistVivianClaytoninthe

malaisc-riddcn1970s.Claytondevisedthefirstempiricaltestsforwisdom,whichshe

definedastheabilitytoacquireknowledgeandanalyzeitbothlogicallyandemotionally-

pickingupontheworkbegunbySocrates.Soit'snocoincidencethatseveraldozen

researchersinfieldsrangingfromneurosciencetoart,musicandlawhavejustreceived

wisdom-seekinggrantsundertheauspicesoftheUniversityofChicago.The$2.7million

program,fundedbytheTempletonFoundation,iscalledDefiningWisdom,anamethat

impliestheresearcherswillknowwhattheywerelookingforoncetheyfindit.Wisdom,

accordingtoRobertJ.SternbergofTuftsUniversity,theauthorofseveralbooksonthe

topic,isstillanobscurefieldwithminimalacademiccachet.Withsomuchatstake,the

program'sdirectors,psychologistsJohnCacioppoandHowardNusbaum,dismissedthe

traditionalapproachtowisdomresearch;rathertheycasttheirnetswideanddeepintothe

poolsofacademy.The38proposalstheyapprovedincludeonesaimedatfindingwisdom

incomputeroperationsandinclassicalliterature.Startingatthebeginning,onescholar

observesthat"languageisthemediumbywhichwisdom-relatedknowledgeisusually

conveyed?Thatsoundsself-evident,butanotherscientistproposesto"exploremusicas

aformofwisdom.""Wearetryingtothinkoutofthebox,1'saysNusbaum.Cacioppoand

Nusbaumdismissargumentsabouttheinherentcircularityofsearchingforwisdomatthe

sametimeasdefiningit.Buttheyhavesomepreconceptionsaboutwhattheyexpectto

find.Theysee"wisdom"inpartasacorrectivetothe"rationalchoice"patternofdecision

making,thefoundationoffree-marketeconomics.Rationalchoiceholdsthateveryone's

happinessisbestservedwhenpeoplemaximizetheirshort-termindividualgains,evenal

theexpenseofthebroadinterestsofsocietyorthelong-termfuture.Thatisprecisely

oppositetheapproachof,forexample,ants,whichareentirelyindifferenttotheir

individualfatesanddon't,asarule,over-expandoutofrecklessgreed.

11、#NAME?

Thequestforwisdomisanold-fashionedeconomicindicator.

B、Whenthingsproceedsmoothly,peopledon'tneedtogosearchingfbrwisdom.

C、BillionaireslistedontheForbesaredemonstratingtheprofitsoffreemarket.

D^Inthelongrun,allthewealthiestindividualswillconfesstheirignorance.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。定位到第一段。本段第二句提到“当一切进展顺利时，

你不必去追求智慧”，B项意思与之吻合。

12、WhichofthefollowingistrueofVivianClayton?

A、Scholarsconsideredherworkasthestartofmodernscientificstudyofwisdom.

ShewasoneofthegreatestAmericanpsychologistsborninthe1970s.

C、Shedesignedempiricaltestsforwisdomwithoutdefiningitsconcept.

D、SheachievedmoreintheworkofquestingforwisdomthanSocrates.

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据人名直接定位到第二段。文中谈到对智慧的现代科

学研究可以追溯到维维安・克莱顿在20世纪70年代的研究。因此A项为正确答

案。

13、RobertJ.SternbergofTuftsUniversitysuggeststhat

A、definingwisdomrequiresjointeffortsofdifferentfields,

researchonwisdomstilllacksacademicachievements.

C、wisdomcanonlybeexplainedwithinterdisciplinarysupports.

D^researchershavetorelyongrantsforscientificstudy.

标准答案：B'」

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据人名定位到第三段。关键是对段末anobscureGeld

withminimalacademiccachet的理解，意为“一个含糊不清、没有多少学术成果的研

究领域”。因此B项为正确答案。

14、Thesentence"Wearetryingtothinkoutofthebox"(lines6-7,Paragraph4)suggests

that

A^theywilltrytofindwisdomoutofthebox.

B>theywillprobedeepintothepoolsofacademy.

C^theywillbreakawayfromtheconventions.

D、theywillpursuetheirtraditionalapproach.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义理解题。定位到第四段。根据本段首句的dismissedthe

traditionalapproach,casttheirnet…可知研究人员正尝试抛弃传统的研究方法。因

此C项为正确答案。

15、Accordingtothetext,"rationalchoice"holdsthat

A、decisionmakingisnotlinkedwithwisdominasense.

B、happinessreliesonshort-termindividualgains.

C^individualhappinessharmsthebroadinterestsofsociety.

D、individualfateschangewithrecklessgreed.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。定位到最后一段。文中提到在理性选择下，一个人最幸

福的状态是其个人短期利益得到最大化的时候。因此B项为正确答案。

Apartfromanewfootballstadiumandsomesmartuniversitybuildings,mostof

Middlesbroughlooksasthoughitcametoadeadhaltinthe1980s.Itboomedonsteel

andchemicalsafterironorewasdiscoveredin1850.Justoveracenturylater,asBritain's

traditionalindustriesfailed,itseemedtohavereachedtheendoftheroad.Now

governmentleadershopethatsplendorandglamourcanreviveit.Themoststartlingsign

ofthisimprobableambitionisanexpensiveartgallery.The£19.2million

MiddlesbroughInstituteofModernArt(MIMA)housesthelocalcouncil'scollectionof

modernBritishpaintingsandceramics.ItopensonJanuary28thwithworksonloanfor

theoccasionbyartistsrarelyseenintheregion—Picasso,Matisse,JacksonPollock

alongsidepicturesbycontemporarynamessuchasChrisOfiliandDamienHirst.The

glass-frontedmodernistgallery,byDutcharchitectErickvanEgeraat,sitsononce-ruined

landoppositetheVictoriantownhalland1960scouncilbuildings.Thelandscapedspace

inbetweenhasbecomeavastnewsquare."Middlesbroughlostitsheartyearsago,"says

RayMallon,thetown'sfrankelectedmayor."Nowwehavecreatedanewheart."Locals

arcdubious.Itlooksnice,buttheycan'tseemanypeoplegoingtoit;thosewhowant

culturegotoNewcastle.Mr.Mallonisnotwoniedbysuchcomments.HesaysMIMA

willluresomeofthe7millionpeoplewholivewithinanhourandahalfsdrivefromthe

town,andpersuadethemtospendmoneythere.With5%ofthetown's137,600residents

claimingunemployment-twicethenationalaverage—andbusinessregistrationsathalf

thenationalrate,outsidemoneyisneeded.Usingartforregenerationisawell-tried

process,especiallyinnorthernEngland.LiverpoofsTateNorthgalleryandSalford's

LowryCentresucceedbecausetheyarepartofbiggerattractionsandinbigcities.But

Gateshead'sBalticMillsartgalleryandSunderland'sNationalGlassCentrehave

struggledtodrawvisitors,andbothhaveneededextrasubsidies.GodfreyWorsdale,

MIMA'sdirector,reckonshewillachievehisaimof110,000visitorsayear.Galleries

thatrunintotrouble,hesays,tendtohavesinglethemeswithnicheappealStill,since

96%ofMIMA'scosthascomefrompublicfundsandastwo-thirdsofthe£Imillion

runningcostwillfallonlocaltaxpayers,thecouncilisrakingarisk."Itisnotgoingtobe

profitable,"saysMr.Mallonbravely."Whatitcandoismakethetownprofitable."

16>Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,the"improbableambition"(Line1,Paragraph

2)is

A^tomakeMiddlesbroughboomonsteelandchemicalsagain.

B、torevivethetraditionalindustriesinMiddlesbrough.

C、toreviveMiddlesbroughwithglitzandglamour.

D^tobuildanexpensivegalleryinMiddlesbrough.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。第二段段首说，Ihisimprobablea