英语专业泛读第四册unit1expedition

Unit1ScienceintheSahara：ManoftheDesertPreviewingquestions：Pa1scanning:StefanKropelin’sfirstresearchtriptotheeasternSaharadidnotstartwell.Why?Pa2scanning:WhatisStefanKropelin?Whathardshipshadheexperienced?Pa3skimming:Hehadachievedalotinhisfieldwork.Whatarethey?Pa.4Skimming:HowdidhestarthisinterestinhissenseofadventuretotheSaharaDissert?Pa5Scan:Whatisthemeaningof“Inhospitable”inthefirstsentenceofpa.5?Howabouthisattitudetohiswork?

pa.61.Whatresearchhashedone?2.Whatwasresearchers’ideaabouttheSaharainthepast?Pa.7Willthepa.beabouthisdoubttoothers’research?Pa8Whatistheconclusionofhisresearch？Pa9Skimmingthemainideaofpa.9.Pa10WhatabouthisresearchresultsfromLakeYoa?Pa.11scanning:Howhavehistripsplacedhimindifficultsituations?Pa.12skimming:whynatureistheenemy?Pa.13skimming:Whatotherworkshashedone?Pa.14WhatdoesheplantodointheSahara?Whydoeshedosuchthings?I.Discussingquestions:I.1.Haveyoueverbeentoadesert?Whatisadesertlike?2.HaveyoureadSanmao’sbook:SaharaDesert?CanyoutellastoryaboutSanmao?3WhatdoyouknowabouttheSaharaDesert?Aboutitslocation;countrieslocatedthere;climate;geography;animals;plants;people’slife,etc.4.Areyouinterestedinexplorationinadesertoradventure?Why?5.Canyoupredictthemaincontentsofthetext?6.Whatqualitiesshouldanexplorerown?II.7Supposeyoulivedinthedesert,howwouldyouplantoarrangeyourlifethere?8.Canyoutellastoryinthedesert?9.Doyouknowsomefamousexplorersintheworld?10Canyoutellsomefamousexplorers’stories?Unit1ScienceintheSahara：ManoftheDesertPa.1scanning:HowaboutStefanKropelin’sfirstresearchtriptotheeasternSahara?Why?Remote:adj.1）fardistantinplaceortime偏远的，偏僻的.2）冷漠的;冷淡的;与人疏远的;清高的sbdoesnotwanttobefriendlyorcloselyinvolvedwithotherpeople.EgShelookedsobeautiful,andatthesametimesoremote.她相貌如此美丽，同时又如此清高不群。Plateau：1.N-COUNTalargeareaofhighandfairlyflatland.高原EgAbroadvalleyopenedupleadingtoahigh,flatplateauofcultivatedland.一条宽阔的山谷展现在眼前，通往一处平整的开垦地高原。Sediment

英[ˈsedɪmənt]n.[地]沉淀物；沉积物，沉渣复数：sediments1.N沉渣;沉淀物Sedimentissolidmaterialthatsettlesatthebottomofaliquid,especiallyearthandpiecesofrockthathavebeencarriedalongandthenleftsomewherebywater,ice,orwind.Deposition

英[ˌdepəˈzɪʃn]n.沉积（物）

Canyon：1.Nalong,narrowvalleywithverysteepsides.(陡峭狭长的)峡谷，溪谷Eg...theGrandCanyon.(美国的)大峡谷Embark：英[ɪmˈbɑ:k]vi.上飞机，上船；着手，从事vt.使…上船或飞机；使从事，使着手；投资于词条标签：考研IELTSV.startdoingsomethingdifficult着手；开始做EgHe'sembarkingonanewcareerasawriter...他即将开始新的职业生涯——当一名作家。Oasis：可数名词asmallareainadesertwherewaterandplantsarefound.（沙漠中的）绿洲2.N-COUNTapleasantplaceorsituationasanoasiswhenitissurroundedbyunpleasantones.（恶劣环境中的）宜人之地，乐土；（不愉快情形下的）开心之时，乐事Pa2

scanning:WhatisStefanKropelin?

Whathardshipshadheexperienced?Ordeal：.N-COUNT(常单数)Ifyoudescribeanexperienceorsituationasanordeal,youthinkitisdifficultandunpleasant.煎熬；磨难；折磨Egthepainfulordealofthelasteightmonths...过去8个月的痛苦煎熬Expedition：N-COUNTanorganizedjourneythatismadeforaparticularpurposesuchasexploration.远征;探险EgByrd's1928expeditiontoAntarctica.伯德1928年前往南极洲的探险Bout：1.N-COUNTaboutofanillnessorofanunpleasantfeeling,youhaveitforashortperiod.

（疾病或不愉快情绪的）发作Aboutof

EgHewasrecoveringfromasevereboutofflu...他患了严重的流感，尚未痊愈。Roam：Vwanderortravelarounditwithouthavingaparticularpurpose.漫步;漫游;游荡;闲逛synonym：roll，wander，swan，stray，tramp，cast，ramble，rove，range，drift，vagabondgadmeanderEGBarefootchildrenroamedthestreets...光脚丫的孩子们在街上游荡。seminal：1.ADJ正式thingssuchasbooks,works,events,andexperiencesthathaveagreatinfluenceinaparticularfield.(书、作品等在某一领域)有重大影响的，影响深eg.theauthoroftheseminalbook'AnimalLiberation'...有着巨大影响的《动物解放》一书的作者Pa3skimming:Hehadachievedalotinhisfieldwork.Whatarethey?Lobby：n.大厅；大堂；前厅复数：lobbies过去式：lobbied过去分词：lobbied现在分词：lobbying第三人称单数：lobbies1.VERBtopersuadethemthataparticularlawshouldbechangedorthataparticularthingshouldbedone.向（政府官员、委员会委员等）进行游说（或疏通）EgCarersfromallovertheUKlobbiedParliamentlastweektodemandabetterfinancialdeal...英国各地的家庭看护人员上周向议会游说，要求改善经济待遇。翻译：他对撒哈拉气候的历史作出了重大发现，这些发现是关于世界在日益变暖的将来可能面临的临界点的挑战性假设。Pa4Skimming:HowdidhestarthisinterestinhissenseofadventuretotheSaharaDissert?Pa5Scanning:1.Whatisthemeaningof“Inhospitable”inthefirstsentenceofpa.5?2Howabouthisattitudetohiswork?3What’sthemainideaofpa.5?Circumspect英[ˈsɜ:kəmspekt]adj.FORMALADJ-GRADED小心的;谨慎的;谨言慎行的cautiousinwhatyoudoandsayanddonottakerisks.EgThebanksshouldhavebeenmorecircumspectintheirdealings...那些银行在交易中本该更加谨慎的AdvcircumspectlyEgIwouldsuggestthatforthetimebeingyoubehaveascircumspectlyaspossibleinpoliticalmatters.我建议，目前在政治事务上你还是尽量小心为妙。What’sthemainideaofpa.5?Canyoufindacentralideainpa.1-5?I.Pa.1-5Summary:IntroductiontoKropelinsandhisresearch:hisfirstresearchtriptotheeasternSahara.Hisjobnow;hisdescoveries;whyhestartedhisadventure;hishardworkingenvironmentandhiscarefulattitudetowork.Pa61.Whatresearchhashedone?2.Whatwasresearchers’ideaabouttheSaharainthepast?Quest:n.(literary)可数名词Aquestisalonganddifficultsearchforsomething.追求，探索，寻找QuestfornEgMyquestforabetterbankcontinues.我继续寻找一家更好的银行。savannah英[sə'vænə]n.aflatgrasslandintropicalorsubtropicalregions（热带和亚热带）无树大草原cyclical英[ˈsɪklɪkəl]adj.Acyclicalprocessisoneinwhichaseriesofeventshappensagainandagaininthesameorder.循环的;周期的词条标签：GREEg...thecyclicalnatureoftheairlinebusiness.航空业的周期性Monsoon:N-COUNTaseasonalwindinsouthernAsia;blowsfromthesouthwest(bringingrain)insummerandfromthenortheastinwinter;theseasoninSouthernAsiawhenthereisalotofveryheavyrain.可数名词(南亚地区的)季风季节，雨季Eg...theendofthemonsoon.雨季的尾声Champion:VIfyouchampionaperson,acause,oraprinciple,yousupportordefendthem.支持；拥护；捍卫EgHepassionatelychampionedthepoor...他满腔热情地捍卫穷人的利益。Icesheet：n.alargethickareaofice,especiallyonethatexistsforalongtime.(尤指长期存在的)冰盖，冰冠，冰原flip：V-ERG及物/不及物动词Ifsomethingflipsover,orifyouflipitoverorintoadifferentposition,itmovesorismovedintoadifferentposition.(使)移动;(使)转动;(使)翻动EgTheplanethenflippedoverandburstintoflames...接着飞机突然翻转并燃起了大火。Pa6翻译句1：这个想法得到了哥伦比亚大学彼特的支持，他研究了从热带大西洋中提取的深海沉淀物的地核，在一定量的尘土里看到了急速上升的尘土，这些尘土是在气候变化时期从大陆吹掉的。翻译句2：与模式（撒哈拉大沙漠是突然转换为大草原的）一致的沉淀物的记录意味着，这个星球许多敏感的组成成分——像季风模式、亚马逊和撒哈拉植被，极地冰原，甚至大西洋循环——在一定情况下，将会从一个稳定的状态移动到另一个状态。板块构造（platetectonics）理论是一种现代地球科学理论。其产生于20世纪60年代（Wilson，1965）。板块构造认为，地球表层（岩石圈）是由厚度大约为100-150km的巨大板块构成，全球岩石圈可分成六大板块，即太平洋板块、印度洋板块、亚欧板块、非洲板块、美洲板块和南极洲板块，其中只有太平洋板块几乎完全在海洋，其余均包括大陆和海洋。板块间的分界线是海岭、海沟、大的褶皱山脉和裂谷与转换断层带。该理论对地质地理学以及生物学影响很大。不同大陆上地层、矿产、动植物分布，只有通过板块构造的理论才能够解释。Pa.7Willthepa.beabouthisdoubttoothers’research?Mesh：可变名词materiallikeanetmadefromwire,thread,orplastic.网眼织物;网状物EgTheground-floorwindowsareobscuredbywiremesh.一楼的窗户装有防盗网。2.V-RECIP-ERGIftwothingsorideasmeshoraremeshed,theygotogetherwellorfittogetherclosely.(使)相匹配;(使)相互协调;(使)吻合VwithnEgTheirsensesofhumormeshedperfectly...他们的幽默感配合得天衣无缝。pique英[pi:k]v.makeyouinterestedorcurious.激起，引起（兴趣或好奇心）词条标签：TOEFLGREEgThisphenomenonpiquedDrMorris'interest...Reconnaissance：N.exploration；inspection;theactivityofobtainingmilitaryinformationaboutaplacebysendingsoldiersorplanesthere,orbytheuseofsatellites.不可数名词（派士兵或飞机）侦察；（用卫星）搜索，勘测egThehelicopterwasreturningfromareconnaissancemission...layer英[ˈleɪə(r)]vt.把…分层堆放；vi.形成或分成层次；n.层，层次；膜；[植]压条；放置者，计划者Pollen：n.afinepowderproducedbyflowers.Itfertilizesotherflowersofthesamespeciessothattheyproduceseeds.花粉cache英[kæʃ]n.藏物处；隐藏处；藏匿的珍宝vt.贮藏vi.躲藏\翻译句：他从以前的勘察工作中了解了撒哈拉沙漠中的一个地方，这个地方的气候记录时间足够长，可以检验他的想法，这个地方是一系列稳定的湖泊，在乍得东北部偏远的盆地，实际上是一个与利比亚和苏丹接壤的无雨而且臭名昭彰的不安全地区。翻译句：湖的深处有含有气候标志物的沉积物形成层次.Pa8Vegetate：英[ˈvedʒəteɪt]vi.leadapassiveexistencewithoutusingone'sbodyormind；2.establishvegetationon;过单调呆板的生活；植物似地生长；词条标签：GREVERBIfsomeonevegetates,theyspendtheirtimedoingboringorworthlessthings.过单调无聊的生活;无所事事地生活2producevegetation;长植物\Eg"Theyvegetatedthehillsbehindtheirhouse"Pa8What’stheconclusionofhisresearch?Canyoumakeasummrarytopa.6-8?II.Pa.6-8Summary:aboutHisresearch:hedoubtsaboutothers’researchandhegetshisownresearchresult.II.pa.9-10Hisdebatewithothersandhissatisfyingdiscoveries.Pa9Skimming:What‘sthemainidea?modeller：1.N-COUNTapersonwhocreatesmodels（或过程）模型创立者egclimatemodellers.气候模型的创立者Tip：n.小窍门；小费；末梢thetipofnEGThesleevescoveredhishandstothetipsofhisfingers...袖子遮住了他的手，一直盖到指尖。vt.Ifyoutipanobjectorpartofyourbodyorifittips,itmovesintoaslopingpositionwithoneendorsidehigherthantheother.(使)倾斜;(使)斜侧EGHeleanedawayfromher,andshehadtotipherheadbacktoseehim...他倾着身子避开她，她不得不把头向后歪着看他。Perturbation：可变名词asmallchangeinthemovement,quality,orbehaviourofsomething,especiallyanunusualchange.（尤指不常出现的）小变化Pa10Crown：n.coronate王冠；花冠（有时象征胜利）；王权；（某物的）顶部vt.top（尤指通过增添成就、成功等）使圆满；为…加冕；使圆满完成；给…以荣誉2.adj.betheculminatingevent到绝顶的，终极的，最后的到绝顶的；最高的；终极的；计划的高潮EG"Thespeechcrownedthemeeting"Arid:adj.

dry；barren；waterless不毛的；干旱的干旱的;不毛的Aridlandissodrythatveryfewplantscangrowonit.Egthearidzonesofthecountry.该国的干旱区域tributary英[ˈtrɪbjətri]nastreamorriverthatflowsintoalargerone.支流；进贡国；附庸国；进贡者adj.（需向…）进贡的；附庸的；辅助的；支流的eg.theNaporiver,atributaryoftheAmazon.Extinct

adj.nonextant,nolongerinexsistence灭绝的；绝种的；消逝的；破灭的EG"anextinctspeciesoffish"翻译句：他对约阿湖的研究结果给他在这个地区的长期发现画上了一个圆满的句号。WhatabouthisresearchresultsfromLakeYoa?Pa11extended英[ɪkˈstendɪd]adj.rawn-out，lengthy，prolonged，protracted延伸的；伸展的；延长的；1.ADJ形容词（时间）长的，延长的Ifsomethinghappensforanextendedperiodoftime,ithappensforalongperiodoftime.EGObviously,anychildwhoreceivesdedicatedteachingoveranextendedperiodislikelytoimprove.\v.延伸(extend的过去式和过去分词)；伸展；延长Outlaw：

n.歹徒，亡命之徒；逃犯；被剥夺法律保护者，丧失公权者；烈马vt.宣布…为不合法；将…放逐；剥夺…的法律保护smugglevt.偷运；私运；走私；不按规章地偷带（人或物）vi.走私；偷带词条标签：CET6考研TOEFLIELTSGREVtakethemthereillegallyorsecretly.走私;私运;偷运Sudan：

NarepublicinnortheasternAfricaontheRedSea;achievedindependencefromEgyptandtheUnitedKingdomin1956;involvedinstate-sponsoredterrorismSkimpa11themainideaoftheparagraph？Pa12bombardment：可变名词astrongandcontinuousattackofgunfireorbombing.炮击，轰炸EGThecityhasbeenflattenedbyheavyartillerybombardments...城市已被猛烈的炮火夷为平地。Solo:n.someonedoessomethingaloneratherthanwithotherpeople.独唱（曲），独奏（曲）；单飞；单人表演a