考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷532

考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷532

一、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。)

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinour

control.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddead

peoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswere

thedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,

neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"—therandom

byproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspect

thatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrain

is"off-line."Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentalevents

canbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleep

andfeelbetter,"It'syourdream,"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyat

Chicago'sMedicalCenter.MIfyoudon'tlikeit,changeit."Evidencefrombrainimaging

supportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyeinovement)sleep—when

mostvividdreamsoccur—asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingeratthe

UniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbic

system(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenter

ofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet."Wewakeupfromdrcamshappyor

depressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday."saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.

WilliamDement.Thelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsin

Cartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,

progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworking

throughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindis

occupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceofthe

day'sevents—until,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbeleftto

theunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurring

baddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.

Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjust

enoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitin

theirsleep.Attheendof:heday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoour

dreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor"wewakeupinapanic,HCartwright

says.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreased

people'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfroma

therapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.

Sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou'11feelbetterinthemorning.

1、Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams

A、canbemodifiedintheircourses.

B、aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges.

C、reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears.

D^arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据第一段中oneleadingauthoritysays…可知，一名著名权

威人士提到，梦这种异常强烈的精神活动是可以被我们自己有效控制的。卡特赖

特说“梦是你自己的，如果不喜欢，就改变它由以上几点可知，研究人员认

为，梦在形成过程中“能够被改变”，故选A项。

2、Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow

A、itsfunctioninourdrcams.

themechanismofREMsleep.

C^therelationofdreamstoemotions.

D、itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex.

标准答案：C

知识点解析♦：例证题。限据第二段第一句可知，作者指出“大脑造影的证据支持了

上述观点”，"上述观点'就是第一段中提到的观点，作者认为梦是大脑情感自动调

温器，可以帮助调节情绪。作者在第二段第三句提到了“边缘系统”也是在详细描

述“大脑造影的证据由以上几点可以推知，作者通过提到大脑的边缘系统来阐

述大脑造影的证据，从而说明其支持“梦与情感相联系''的观点，故选C项。

3、Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

A、aggravateinourunconsciousmind.

BNdevelopintohappydreams.

C、persisttillthelimewefallasleep.

D、showupindreamsearlyatnight.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。根据第三段第二句可知，大多数人倾向于在刚入唾时做噩

梦.在睡醒前的时候则会做一些开心的梦.而这表示人们在梦里就缓解了白天产

生的不良情绪。由此可知，白天产生的负面情绪往往“出现在夜晚早期的梦中”，

故选D项。

4、Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

A、wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams.

B、visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol.

C>dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression.

D、dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。限据第四段第一句，做梦的过程不一定是无意识的，从这我

们可以得知作者不认为做梦是完全无意识的行为，故选D项。

5、WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?

A、Leadyourlifeasusual.

B>Seekprofessionalhelp.

C>Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D^Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据第五段卡特赖特的观点，在一天的生活结束时，只要我

们的梦不会导致失眠或者让我们从睡眠中惊醒，我们就不用去担心它。而这段的

段末也说到那些没有受到噩梦长期困扰的人尽管去睡觉、做梦，因为早起时你的

负面情绪会好得多。由此可以推知，卡特赖特暗示人们只需要“像往常一样生

活”，故选A项。

Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,"allthatisneededforthetriumph

ofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing".Onesuchcausenowseekstoend

biomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheirusein

research.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whose

argumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealth

knowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearch

becauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealth

careresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyarc

perplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.Forexample,agrandmotherly

womanstaffingananimalrightsboothalarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochure

thatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—no

meat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowif

vaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,"ThenI

wouldhavetosayyes.'*Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,"Don't

worry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers."Suchwell-meaningpeoplejust

don'tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicina

compassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecular

biology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchanda

grandmother'shipreplacement,afather'sbypassoperation,ababy'svaccinations,and

evenapet'sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproduce

thesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswasteful

atbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould"adopt"middleschool

classesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstothe

editor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptive

appearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthat

laboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersare

patients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-

knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsabout

thevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledo

nothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthe

preciousembersofmedicalprogress.

6、TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke'swordsto

A^callonscientiststotakesomeactions.

B、criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights.

C^warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch.

D、showthetriumphof（heanimalrightsmovement.

标准答案：A'

知识点解析：推断题。本题关键词为EdmundBurke'swords,通读全文发现篇首的

话在篇尾得到了呼应：Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatan

uninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.一首一

尾的呼应突出了这篇文章的中心：呼唤科学家们采取行动，切勿让人们的无知阻

碍了医学的发展。所以应该选A项。B项错误的原因在于没有抓住文章的中心要

义。C、D项无中生有。

7、Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis

A、cruelbutnatural.

inhumanandunacceptable.

C、inevitablebutvicious.

D、pointlessandwasteful.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。本题关键词为Misledpeople,usingananimalinresearcho从

前两段和第三段的最后一句中，可知受到误导的人们认为用动物做研究是残酷

的、不可思议的。所以B项最符合原文。A项cruel（残忍的）正确，但是natural（自

然的）不对，正相反，人们认为那是非常不合情理的。C项inevitablebuivicious（不

可避免的，但含有恶意的）也不正确。D项poinUessandwasleful（毫无意义的，且浪

费的），实际上，人们的反对态度很强烈。D项虽无原则上的错误，但是不如B项

更贴近原文意思。

8、Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic's

A、discontentwithanimalresearch.

B、ignoranceaboutmedicalscience.

C、indifferencetoepidemics.

D、anxietyaboutanimalrights.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：例证题。艰据关键词grandmotherlywoman、showthepublic's定位至

第二段。这个例子说的是一位老太太向大家散发传单，号召大家不要用任何来自

于动物或在动物身上试脸过的东西。当问及是否反对使用疫苗时，老太太并不知

道疫苗是从动物研究中得来的。她认为，若疫苗也来源于动物，那么就不应使用

疫苗，流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。可见老太太对科学的无知。而妲的

这种无知是很普遍的。第二段最后一句话感叹：Suchwell—meaningpeoplejust

don,tunderstand.（这些好心人压根就不明白）。所以答案为B项。A项表述与主题

不符，C项表述错误，D项无中生有。

9、Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,

scientistsshould

A^communicatemorewiththepublic.

B、employhi-tcchmeansinresearch.

C、feelnoshamefortheircause.

D^strivetodevelopnewcures.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据关键词thechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates>

scientists,定位至第三段。从Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublic

inacompassionate,understandableway...可知,正确答案为A项。C项无中生有，

B、D项表述错误。

10、FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis

A、awell-knownhumanist.

amedicalpractitioner.

C^anenthusiastinanimalrights.

D、asupporterofanimalresearch.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。艰据关键词StephenCooper,定位至最后一段。Finally,

becausetheultimatestake—holdersarepatients...StephenCooper,whohasmade

courageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch…从这句话中,可知Cooper

是个名人，也是患者，池曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。所以，可以推断出他

是支持动物研究的。答案是D项。A项表述错误，B项原文并未提及，C项与原

文意思相反。

Manyareawareofthetremendouswasteofenergyinourenvironment,butfailtotake

advantageofstraightforwardopportunitiestoconservethatenergy.Forexample,

everyoneknowsthatlightsshouldbeswitchedoffwhennooneisinanoffice.Similarly,

whenemployeesarenotusingameetingroom,thereisnoneedtoregulatetemperature.

Fortunately,oneneednotrelyonhumanmterventiontoconserveenergy.Withthehelp

ofsmartsensingandnetworktechnology,energyconservationprocessessuchasturning

offlightsandadjustingtemperaturecanbereadilyautomated.Ultimately,thistechnology

willenableconsumersandplantmanagerstobetteridentifywastefulenergyuseand

instituteproceduresthatleadtosmarterandmoreefficienthomes,buildingsand

industrialplants.Untilnow,wiresandcablesforpowerandconnectivityhavelimitedthe

widespreadadoptionofsensornetworksbymakingthemdifficultandexpensivetoinstall

andmaintain.Battery-poweredwirelessnetworkscansimplifyinstallationandreduce

cost.Buttheirhighpowerconsumptionandthecorrespondingneedforregularbattery

replacementhasmadewirelessnetworksdifficultandcostlytomaintain.Nobodywants

toreplacehundredsorthousandsofwindowsensorbatteriesinalargebuildingona

regularbasis.Thepromiseofwirelesssensornetworkscanonlybefullyrealizedwhen

thewiringforboththedatacommunicationandthepowersupplyiseliminated.Doingso

requiresatruebattery-freewirelesssolution,onethatcanutilizeenergyharvested

directlyfromtheenvironments.Tofacilitatethewidespreaddeploymentofwireless

sensornetworks,Greenpeakhasdevelopedanultra-low-powercommunication

technologythatcanutilizeenvironmentalenergysourcessuchaslight,motionand

vibration.Thistechnology,employingon-boardpowermanagementcircuitsand

computersoftwaretomonitorenergyharvestersandmakethebestuseofharvested

energy,enablessensorstooperatereliablyinabattery-freeenvironment.Wirelesssensor

networksdeployedinourofficesandhomeswillhaveanenormousimpactonourdaily

lives,helpingtobuildasmarterworldinwhichenergyisrecycledandfullyutilized.

Thesewirelessplatforms,equippedwithadvancedsensingcapability,willenableusto

bettercontrolourlives,homesandenvironment,creatingatrulyconnectedworldthat

enablespeopleworldwidetoliveinamorecomfortable,safer,andcleanerenvironment.

11By"humanintcrvcntionM(Para.2),theauthorrefersto

A、thereductionofgreatenergywasteintheenvironment.

B、thegraspingofstraightforwardopportunitiesavailable.

C、actsliketurningofflightswhennooneisintheroom.

D^theadoptionofsmartsensingandnetworktechnology.

标准答案：c-〜

知识点解析：细节题。艰据第二段第一、二句可知，人们没有必要依赖人为干预以

节约能源，有了智能遥感技术和网络技术的帮助，诸如关灯和调控温度此类的节

能方式就很容易实现自动化。因此答案为C项。

12、Batteriesarenotanidealenergysourcefbrsensornetworksbecausethey

A、havetobereplacedfromtimetotime.

B、containmetalsthatpollutetheenvironment.

C、requireautomaticrecharging.

D、aredifficultandcostlytomaintain.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。通过第三段第二到第五行可知，靠电池供电的无线网络可以

简化安装程序，并降低成本。但是由于网络能量消耗高，需要定期更换电池，所

以这种网络很难维护，而且维护成本相当高。因此答案为A项。

13、Battery-freewirelesssensornetworksaremadepossiblebythefactthat

A^thereisenergyintheenvironmenttobeutilized.

B、lliuuuslufusingiliumhasbeendrasliuallyreduced.

C、moderndatacommunicationconsumeslittleenergy.

D^theirmaintenancehasbeengreatlysimplified.

标准答案：A-'

知识点解析：细节题。根据第四段前两句可知，当数据通信和供电系统之间的线全

部清除时，无线传感器网络这个愿望就完全可以实现。这就需要一个真正的不同

电池的无线网络解决方案，那种网络可以直接利用从环境中获得的能源。因此答

案为A项。

14、Accordingtothepassage.Greenpeak

A、isthefirstcompanytoinstallwirelesssensornetworks.

B、promotestheapplicationofwirelesssensornetworks.

C^suppliesbatteriesoperatingonharvestedenergy.

D、benefitshandsomelyfromcommunicationtechnology.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。通过第四段第三句可知，为了方便无线传感器网络广泛部

署，已经开发出一种超低功耗的通信技术，该技术能够利用环境中的光、运动和

震动之类的能源。据此韭断，答案为B项。

15、Wirelesssensornetworkspromiseto

A、bringbusinesseshighprofits.

B、furtherdevelopthesensingtechnology.

C、turnmotionintoamajorsourceofenergy.

D、improvethedailylivesofpeopleworldwide.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。通过第五段最后一句可知，这些无线平台具有先进的传感性

能，能帮助我们更好地控制生活、住房及环境，创造一个真正相连的世界，一个

能让来自世界各地的人的居住环境更加舒适、更加安全、更加干净的世界。据此

推断，答案为D项。

Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,whethertheyareofsorrow,

anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed.The

shedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastatingtragedywasthe

provocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtothe

emotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetween

illnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponscstotearsarc

ofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounlerproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimals

definitelyknowntoshedemotiomaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,

purposelessphysiologicalresponses,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormore

functionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisa

waytoelicitassistancefromothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),theshedding

oftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,more

likelythantearstogainattention.So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabout

tearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirect

roleinalleviatingstress.UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthe

chemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfrom

emotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponseto

emotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposuretocutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.

Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasa

meansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity'sTear

AnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearsto

detectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication,todeterminewhetheracontactlensfils

properlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof"dryeye"syndromeand

theeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmental

pollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsfor

cluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlessly

withoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefined

analyses.

16、Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat

A、cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeople.

B>cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy.

C、sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmericans.

D^onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。由关键词ihefirstparagraph定位至第一段，由Tears…make

Americansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed可知.流泪让美国人感到不舒服和尴

尬，因此答案为C项。

17、Whatdoes"boththoseresponsestotears"（Para.1preferto?

A、Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearstorhappiness.

Thetearshedder'sapologyandth