考研英语（一）模拟试卷68

考研英语（一）模拟试卷68

一、完型填空(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)

Whenspeakingaboutsciencetoscientists,thereisonething(hatcanbesaidthatwill

almostalwaysraise(heirindignation,andthatisthatscienceisinherentlypoliticaland

thatthepracticeofscienceisapoliticalact.Science,theywill[Cl],has

nothingtodowithpolitics.Butisthattrue?Let'sconsidertherelationshipbetween

knowledgeandpower."Knowledgeandpowergohandinhand,"saidFrancisBacon,"

[C2]thewaytoincreaseinpoweristoincreaseinknowledge."Atits[C3]

,scienceisareliablemethodforcreatingknowledge,andthuspower.Because

science[C4](heboundariesofknowledge,itpushesustoconstantly[C5]

ourethicsandmorality,andthatisalwayspolitical.But[C6]that,

scienceconstantlydisruptshierarchicalpowerstructuresandvestedinterestsinalong

[C7]togiveknowledge,andthuspower,totheindividual,andthatprocessis

alsopolitical.Wishingto[C8]thepainfulmoralandethicalanalysisthattheir

discoveriessometimes[C9],manyscientiststodayseetheir[CIO]to

beihecreaiioriofknowledgeandbelievetheyshouldleaveihemoral,eihical,and

politicalimplicationstoothersto[Cl1]out.[C12]thepracticeof

scienceitselfcannotpossiblybeapolitical,becauseittakesnothingon[C13].

Theveryessenceofthescientificprocessistoquestionlong-heldassumptionsaboutthe

natureoftheuniverse,to[CI4]experimentsthattestthosequestions,and,

[C15]theobservations,tograduallybuildknowledgethatisindependent

[C16]ourbeliefsandassumptions.Ascientifically[CI7]claimis

utterlytransparentandcanbeshowntobeeithermostprobablytrueorfalse,[C18]

theclaimismadebyakingorapresident,apope,oracommoncitizen.[C19]

this,scienceisinherentlyantiauthoritarian,andagreat[C20]ofpolitical

power.

1、[Cl]

A、prove

respond

C^decide

D、admit

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查上下文语义。

2、[C2]

A、sothat

B、in(hat

C、except(hat

D^nowthat

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考杳句内逻辑。

3、[C3]

A、height

B、best

C、core

D、beginning

标准答案；C

知识点解析：本题考查上下文语义+介词短语。

4、[C4]

A、blurs

B、pushes

C、crosses

D、sets

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查动宾搭配+上下文语义。

5、[C5]

A、refresh

B、refrain

C、reflect

D^refine

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查动词辨析+上下文语义。

6、[C6]

A^within

B、toward

C、beyond

D^through

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查介苗用法。

7、[C7]

A、drive

B、competition

C、position

D^movement

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查句内逻辑语义。

8、[C8]

A、promote

evade

C、control

D、conduct

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查上下文语义。

9、[C9]

A、compel

B、forbid

C、distort

D、reject

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查上下文语义+动词熟词僻意

1。、[C10]

A^case

B、need

C、talent

D>role

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查句内语义。

11、[C11]

A、mark

B、sort

give

D、clear

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查动伺短语+句内语义。

12、[C12]

A、Indeed

B、Moreover

C>But

D、And

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查上卜文语义。

13、[C13]

A、faith

B、advice

C、paper

D、evidence

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查上下文语义。

14、[C14]

A、backup

B、holdup

C、followup

D、dreamup

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查动词短语十句内语义。本句具体说明科学过程的本质：质疑

长期存在的对宇宙本质的假设，……实验以验证这些质疑，然后逐步建立客观知

识。dreamup代入,指“想出、设计出实验“，与question,build并列,客观说明了

科学过程，符合文意。

15、[C15]

A、differentfrom

B、addedto

C、judgingby

D^basedon

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查句内逻辑语义。空格处填入的短语以theobservations为介词

宾语，theobservations即指上文experiments的观察结果。15theobservations连接

todreamupexperiments…与tograduallybuildknowledge…两个不定工3说明”...

这些实验观测结果，建立知识basedon代入，指“依据实验的观察结果建立知

识”，表明了科学过程中各步骤间的内部联系，符合文意。注意judgingby后要引

出结论，即“根据……判断而得出……的结论”，不符合文意.

16、[C16]

A、to

B、from

C、of

D^against

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查形容词与介词的搭配。空格处填入的介词与independent搭

配,beindependentof指“独立于……的,不受……影响的,不隶属于……的”，代

人文中，表明“独立干我们的信念和假设的知识”，即，客观的知识。of正确。

17、［C17］

A^testable

B、reliable

C、notable

D、plausible

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查上下文语义。上文指出科学过程的本质在于质疑和检验；本

句总结指出：一个在科学.上……的声明是完全透明的，可以被证实为正确或谬误。

lestable代入，指“在科学上可检验的”，呼应上文test以及本句后半句的shown,都

说明了科学的求实性，符合文意。

18、［C18］

A、incase

B、while

C、onlyif

D^whether

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查句内逻辑。空格处填入一个连词，表明主从句间的逻辑关

系。主句部分说明，科学上可检验的声明是透明的，可被证实为止确或错误；从句

指出，……这些声明足由谁作出的，国王、总统、教皇也好，普通公民也罢。

19、［C191

A、Regardlessof

B、Apartfrom

C、Becauseof

D、Alongwith

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查句间逻辑。

20、［C20］

A、supervisor

B、equalizer

C、indicator

D、stimulator

标准答案:B

知识点解析：本题考查上下文语义。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共2。题，每题1.0

分,共20分。）

Pictureyourselfasahistorianin2035,trying(omakesenseofthisyear'sAmerican

electioncampaign.Manyofthewebsitesandblogsnowabuzzwithnewsandcomment

willhavelongsinceperished.Datastoredelectronicallydecays.Ifyouarekicky,copies

ofcampaignmaterial,andofs-niailsandothermaterials,willbeavailableinpublic

libraries.Butwillyoubeabletoreadthem?Already,NASAhaslostdatafromsomeof

itsearliestmissionstothemoonbecausethemachinesusedtoreadthetapeswere

scrappedandcannotberebuilt.Awiselibrarianwillwishtokeepinworkingorderafew

antiquecomputersthatcanreadsuchancienttechnologiesasCDsandUSBthumb-

drives.Buteventhatmaynotbeenough.Computerfilesarenotworthanythingwithout

softwaretoopenthem.Conscientiousinstitutionsalreadymakecopiesofsomeweb

pages,e-booksandotherdigitalmaterial,andshiftthedatatonewhardwareeveryfive

years.Assoftwarebecomesobsolete,librariesandcompaniescancreateemulatorsold

operatingsystemsworkinginsidenewerones.Butthateffortishamperedbyregulation

thatmakesarchivingdigitaliutefactsevenmoredifficultthanitalreadyis.InAmerica,

fbrinstance,circumvenlingtheanti-piracydigitalrightsmanagementsoftware(DRM)that

publishersattachtotheirproductsisacriminaloffence.Ifthaisoftwaredisappears,the

materialwillnolongerbeaccessible.In2010theUnitedStatesCopyrightOffice

exemptedpublishersofonline-onlyworksfromthedutyofdepositingacopywiththe

LibraryofCongressunlessspecificallyrequested.Nationallibrarieshavetherightto

demandacopyofeveryprintedhookpublishedontheirterritory.Buttheyhaveno

mandatetocollectthesoftwarewithoutwhichmuchelectronicdataremainsunreadable.

Regulatorsareponderingtheproblem.InearlyMayAmerica'sCopyrightOfficewill

holdpublichearingstodiscussexemptionstothebanoncircumventingDRM.InBritain

(hegovernmentwantstomakeitcompulsoryforpublishers,includingsoftware-makers,

(oprovidetheBritishLibrarywithacopyofthefinishedversionofeverything(hey

producewithinamonthofpublication.Theproposedlawwillallowthelibrarytoharvest

webpagesandmaterialhiddenbehindpaywallsorloginrequirements.Mistakes30years

agomeanthatmuchoftheearlydigitalageisalreadyaclosedbook(ornobookatall)lo

historians.Withoutawidermandateforlibraries,givingthemtherighttostoreboth

digitalmaterialsandthetoolstoopenit,historiansofthefuturewillbeunableto

reconstructourtimes.Theymaynotevenknowwhattheyhavelost.

21>Intheauthor'sopinion,themostseriousproblemfacedbynyou(ahistorianin

2035)"willbethelackof.

A、relatedwebsitenews

B、functionalreadingmachines

C、readablestoragedevices

D、applicableoperatingsystems

标准答案：D

知识点解析：［A］、［B］、|C］的误区在于，三个选项均是第一段中作者提到的历史

学家面临的难题。但随后作者逐一提出r解决方式，故这些问题是可以解决的，并

非最为困难的问题。

22、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?

A、Obtainingdigitalreadingdevicesshouldbelegalizedforthelibraries.

B、ThecompulsoryuseofDRMwouldhelppreventfuturedataloss.

C、Librariesshouldpayequalattentiontoprintedbooksande-books.

D、CurrentAmericanregulationisnotstrictenoughtoattackpiracy.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：该段指出，图书馆尚未获得法律授权来收集读取数字化资料所需的软

件，这使得大量数据（将来可能）无法读取。由此可见，作者认为图书馆收集数字阅

读软件应有法律授权，［A|选项正确。

23、Theword"circumventing（Line2,Para3）"isclosestinmeaningto.

A、copying

B、selling

C、bypassing

D、fabricating

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第三段首句指出，数字化资料保存方面的努力受到了监管的限制，这

使其更加困难。第二句举例说明：在美国，circumventing出版商附在其产品上的防

盗版数字版权管理软件（DRM）即构成犯罪；接着第三句指出，如果将来这种软件消

亡，这数字产品将无法打开。由这些内容可知，DRM软件足出版商附加于数字产

品上的，它可限制人们获取数字产品的内容，目的是为了防止盗版。据此可推测，

circumventing是指“避免受DRM的限制而获取数字产品的内容”，即“巧妙绕开、

回避DRM”，［C］选项最接近这一含义，为正确项。

24>WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtoParagraph4?

A、TheAmericanandBritishgovernmentsintendtobreakthemonopolyofdigital

publishers.

B、TheAmericangovernmentisreluctanttochangetheregulationconcerningDRM.

C、TheBritishgovernmenthaspunishedpublishersfornotsubmittingtheirfinal

products.

D、TheBritishgovernmentmaymakefreeaccessofon-linedatapossibleforthelibraiy.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第四段第三、四句指出，英国政府打算（通过法律）强制要求数字出版

商提交其最终产品（以存档），该法律可允许图书馆获得那些“要求付款或登录”的网

页和资料，可见，政府这一举措将使图书馆有可能自由访问在线数据，［D］选项正

确。

25、Theauthormightsuggestthat.

A^historiansshouldtrytoreconstructthehistoryofearlydigitalages

E-publishersshouldcooperatewithlibrariesfordigitalarchiving

C>theauthoritiesshouldformulatemorerulestoprotectdigitalcopyright

D、technologycompaniesshouldmakeeffortsinimprovingdigitalstoragedevices

标准答案：B

知识2解析：第五段指出，作者认为应给图书馆更广泛的授权，使其有权存储数字

化资料及打开它们的工具，而上文也提出：为了更好地保存数字化资料，图书馆应

有权要求电子出版商提供（包括阅读软件的）电子出版物的备份以存档。据此可推

知，作者认为电子出版商应与图书馆合作，以便更好地存储数字化资料。［B］为正

确选项。

Acidification,wanning,thedestructionofcoralreefs:thebiggestproblemsfacingthesea

areasvast,deepandseeminglyintractableastheoceanstheirselves.Solongasthe

worldfailstocutitsemissionsofgreenhousegases,causeoftheglobalwarmingbehind

thesetroubles,theywillgrow.Bycomparison,overfishing,anothergreatcurse,shouldbe

easiertoputright,especiallyinthecoastalwaterswheremoslfishingoccurs.Andyetit

goeson,yearafteryear.Onereasonwhythepillagecontinuesisthatknowledgeoffish

stocksispoor.Anewstatisticalattemptatestimatingtheremainingshoals,fromthe

UniversityofCalifornia,SamaBarbara,isihereforewelcomeThestudyfoundihai

better-understoodfisheriesarelikeliertobehealthy.Anotherreasonforoverfishingis

newtechnology(developed,aptlyenough,forbattlefields),whichmakesshoalseasierto

detect.Aslargeboatsandrefrigerationhave'spread,fishingfleetshavecoveredgreater

distancesanddraggedlargercatches.Becausetechnologyletsfishermenfishwithless

effort,itdisguisesjusthowfastthestocksaredepleting.Inmostfisheries,thefishermen

wouldmakemoremoneybyhusbandingtheirresource,anditshouldbepossibleto

incentivisethemtodoso.Thebestwayistogivethemadefined,long-termrighttoa

shareofthefish.Inregulatedindustrialfisheries,asinIceland,NewZealandand

America,thishastakentheformofatradable,individualshareofafishingquota.

Developingcountries,wherelawenforcementisweak,seemtodobetterwhenagroup

rightoveranexpanseofwaterisgiventoaco-opcrativcorvillagefleet.Theprincipleis

(hesame:fishermenwhofeellikeownersaremorelikely(obehaveasresponsible

stewards.Thenewstatisticalsludyconfirmsthatrights-basedfisheriesaregenerally

healthier.Yetonlyafewhundredoftheoceans'thousandsoffisheriesarerunthisway,

mainlybecausesuchschemesarehardtogetright.Limitingaccesstoacommonresource

createslosers,andthereforediscord.Culturaldifferencesaffectsuccessrates;not

everyoneisaslaw-abidingasIcelanders.Almosteverywhereittakestimetoconvince

fishermen,thelasthunter-gatherers,tochangetheirhabits.But,barnacledbycaveats

thoughitmaybe,therights-basedapproachisthebestavailable.Inrichcountries,

satelliteimagerywillincreasinglyhelp,bymakingmonitoringcheaperandbetter.In

manypoorones,devolutionismakingiteasiertoformlocalorganisations.Another

promisingideaistoincorporaterights-hasedfisherieswithna-catchzonesThese

safeguardbreeding-stocksandareeasiertomonitorthanindividualcatches.Where

stocksarerecovering,asaresultofthesereforms,fishermenarelikeliertosee

scientificallydeterminedquotasasintheirself-interest.

26、Thefirstparagraphintendstoshowthatoceans.

A^arebeingendangeredbyvariousenvironmentalproblems

B、areinacrisisrootedintheemissionofgreenhousegases

C、arebeingprotectedfromthedamageofoverfishing

D、areinurgentneedoffisherymanagementefforts

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第一段首先呈现对比：海洋面对温室气体带来的各种棘手问题；但另

一问题过度捕捞，却相对容易解决。随后转而指出，但过度捕捞却没有得到有效

治理，而是年发一年仍在继续。可见，本段作者是在暗示海洋渔业管理措施的迫切

性，［D］选项正确。

27、Wecanlearnfromparagraph2thatnewtechnologiesare.

A^enriching（heknowledgeoffishstocks

B、contributingtothehealthoffisheries

C、concealingthereallossofthefishstocks

D^intensifyingthecompetitionamongfishermen

标准答案：C

知识点解析：笫二段末句指出.先进的技术使得渔民捕捞更加轻松，这就掩盖了渔

业资源耗尽的速度到底有多快（即；假若没有先进的技术，渔民会因捕捞的日益困

难而意识到渔业资源的减少）。这表明新技术掩盖了渔业资源的真正损失，［C］选项

正确。

28、Accordingtotheauthor,thekeytofishingreformis.

A^todefineaproperdurationoffishingright

B、tointroduceareasonablefishingquota

C、toharmonizefishermen-fisheryrelationship

toassignfishermensomerightstofisheries

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第三段采用“总分总”的结构就渔业改革提出了建议：前两句首先指出

应赋予渔民一个确定的长期捕捞份额的权利，以鼓励渔民节约利用渔业资源；随后

分别指出在“法制规范”和“法制较薄弱”的国家该如何具体实施：段末两句总结指

出：渔民们有了主人翁的意识，才会更负责任地对待渔场，渔场才能健康发展。由

此可见，渔业改革的关键在于赋予渔良一定的权利，［D］选项正确。

29>Intheauthor'sview,theprospectoftherights-basedapproachis.

A、promising

B、gloomy

C^unpredictable

D、culturally-dependent

标准答案：A

知识2解析：第四段作者首先指出基于权利的渔业改革模式存在一系列的障碍，然

后总结指出“但它却是现有为最可行办法末段作者进一步指出，卫星图像的使用

会使得该方法更加可行，方法的日渐完善会进一步增强渔民保护资源的动机。可

见，总体看来，作者对这种方法持非常乐观的态度，［A］选项正确。

30、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A^AGraveThreatto由eOceans

B、ANewReportonFishStocks

C、AFeasibleSolutiontoOverfishing

D、TheMajorObstaclestoFishingReforms

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本文首段提出问题：过度捕捞，第二段分析过度捕捞的原因，第三段

提出治理过度捕捞的策略——基于权利的策略。第四、五段则分别论述这种运营模

式的现状和发展前景。综上，这是一篇问题解决型文章，主要论证了一项治理过度

捕捞的可行性措施，［B］选项正确。

Wehaveadeep,probablyintrinsicdesiretoknowthefuture.Unfortunatelyforus,the

futureisdeeply,intrinsicallyunknowable.ThisistheproblemDanGardnertacklesin

FutureBabble;WhyExpertPredictionsAreNexttoWorthless,andYouCanDoBelter.

Itknowsonebigthing:(hatthefuturecannotbeforetold,period,andthatthosewhotry

topredictitaredeceivingthemselvesandtherestofus.Indefenseofthattheory,

Gardnerdipsintothescienceofunpredictabilityandthepsychologyofcertainty.Andhe

providescasestudiesoffailedprophets,inwhichtheenvironmentalscientistPaul

Ehrlich,thehistorianArnoldToyn-beeandthesocialcriticJaniesHowardKunstlercome

inforaparticularlyhardtime.Manyrecentworksexploresimilarground,soifyou'rein

Gardner'stargetaudience,you'vemostlikelyencounteredmuchofhismaterial.

Competitionisnotitsowncriticism,ofcourse,butGardnerstrugglestodistinguish

himself.Witnesshisfondnessforovcrdctcrmincdanalogies.Avideoaboutthe2008

housing-marketdisaster"spreadlikeaCaliforniawildfireinanabandonedhousing

development."Moreworrisomethantheliterarylapsesaretheintellectualones.First,

Gardnerrepeatedlyfailstodistinguishbetweendifferentkindsofforecasters—e.g.,

EhrlichandtheevangelistHalLindsey.Undoubtedlyweshouldbeskeptical,butthe

reasoningiswrong.JustbecauseapolicyanalystandMysteriousMadamZeldaboth

mispredict(hefuturedoesn'tmaketheirpredictionsequivalent.Theanalyst'spredictionis

mooredintheoryandevidence;ifallothervariablescouldbecontrolled,FactAcould

causeForecastB.Ofcourse,allothervariablescan'tbecontrolled,andsotheanalyst

maybewrong.Religiousandoccultpredictions,however,boastnocausallogic

whatsoever.Evenwhenthey'reright,they'rewrong.Moretroublingstill,Gardner

perpetuatesmisunderstandingsaboutthehumanmind."WeliveintheInformationAge,"

hewrites,"butourbrainsareStoneAge."Thatis,wemakemistakesbecauseourminds

arcconsoutofdate,ThisideaistheNobleSavageofpopncuroscicncc:acatchy,

culturallyconvenientnotionthatisflatwrong.It'seasytotellJustSostoriesaboutwhy

wearethewayweare,buttheycan'tbeproved,andtheyoftencollapseunderevenmild

scrutiny.Gardner,forallhisconcernaboutprediction,hasnoworriesaboutretrodiction,

evenofthedistant,unknowablepast.Hewritesenthusiasticallyabouthowweare"hard­

wired"forthisorthattrick—say,tocrave;certainty.Whatismostfrustratingaboutall

(hisiffyevolutionarypsychologyisthatitrepresentsGardner'sonlyrealeffortto

understandwhyweobsessaboutthefuture.True,backintheday,weneededtopredict

whethertherustlinginthebusheswasapredatorordinner.But"Whathappensnext?"is

adeepandwidequestion,onethatextendsfarbeyondPaleolithic-perils.Itisabout

suspense,curiosity,tension,desire,death.Gardnertouchesalmostnoneofthat.

31、Gardnerholdsthatexpertsshould.

A、endeavortomakescientificandaccuratepredictions

B、learnfromlayman'spredictingexperiences

C、recognizetheunpredictabilityofthefuture

D^basetheirpredictionsonpsychologyofcertainty

标准答案：C'

知识点解析：第一段前一三句引出加德纳作品《“愚”言未来：为什么专家预测几乎

毫无价值，而你可以做得更好》，第四句随后指出该书观点：未来无法预言，试图

预测未来者纯属自欺欺人。段落最后指出书中所列举的一系列失败预言。由此可

见，加德纳认为专家应认识到未来的不可预测性，［C］选项最贴近文意。

32、Theauthorsuggeststhat(heeffectofanalogiesinFutureBabbleis.

A、disappointing

B、desirable

C、profound

D、questionable

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第二段首先指出，加德纳所探讨主题并不新颖，在此之前已有多部类

似作品。竞争虽不值得批评，但加德纳却在竭力使自己的作品脱颖而出。紧接着指

出，加德纳在文中偏好超定(过于武断的)类比写作手法；第四段首句随即指出，比

这一文学失误更为令人担忧的还有知识失误。可见，作者并不看好加德纳的类比写

作手法，不但没能使作品脱颖而出，相反起到了负面作用，成为败笔。［A］选项最

符合文意。

33、Intheauthor'sview,thepredictionsofEhrlichandHalLindseyare.

A^identicallywrong

B、theoreticallysimilar

C^logicallyidentical

D^fundamentallydifferent

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第三段作者首先指出加德纳术能区分不同类型的预测者，并以埃利希

和哈尔・林德西、政策分析师与神秘塞尔达夫人为例加以说明。作者认为，埃利希

的预测是基于理论及证据之上，在所有变量能够控制的前提下可以准确预测，而当

变量无法控制则可能失误，而哈尔.林德西的预测无论而与错，都没有任何因果逻

辑可言。由此可知，作者认为两者的推测是有本质区别的，［D］选项符合文意。

34、"NobleSavage"ismentionedinParagraph4toshowthatGardner'sideaabout

humanbrains.

A、helpsusunderstandwhywemakemistakes

B、canbeused(ointerpretthepast

C、lackstheoreticalfoundation

D、agreeswithwhathedoeshimself

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第四段首先指出，加德纳对人类大脑存有误解；随后介绍其关于人类

大脑的观点“人类生活在信息时代，可大脑还处于石器时代”；接着作者对该想法作

出评价“这就是所谓的，高尚野蛮人7进而指出“高尚野蛮人'’是个完全错误的概

念，完全经不起理论的推敲。由此可推知，••高尚野蛮人”实为说明加德纳关于人类

大脑观点的理论缺失，［0选项止确。

35、Accordingtothelastparagraph,Gardner'sexplanationforourobsessionof

predictionis.

A、all-round

B、superficial

C、offthepoint

D^reasonable

标准答案：B

知识点解析：末段首先对加德纳从进化心理学角度阐释人们为何痴迷于预测这一努

力的肯定，随后指出人们痴迷预测未来是个深奥且宽泛的问题，涉及悬念、好奇等

多个方面，而加德纳未曾对任一涉足。言外之意为，加德纳对人们痴迷于预测这一

问题的探究没问题，有价值，但是他的探究面不广也不深入，即肤浅，［B］选项最

贴近文意。

Americastillwallowsinwhacfeelslikearecession.However,Americansaretaking

mattersintotheirownhands.Anewmovementcalledthe"D.I.Y.economy"is

emerging.Butinthiscontext"D.I.Y."isnotaboutgoingtoHomeDepottogetthe

partsyouneedtofixyoursink;it'saboutdrivingeconomicdevelopmentatthelocal

level,withlocalleadership,guidedbyamorerobustandsustainablevision.This

inoveineniisbroadanddiverse,starlingwithrejeciingtheniainsireainapproactito

economicdevelopment,anapproachcalled"businessattraction",inwhichacityor

regiondesignsapackageoftaxandfinancingincentives(oattractalargecorporation.

TheD.I.Y.economyideaoffersaverydifferentapproachtoeconomicdevelopment.It

bringstogetherdifferentelementsinanewandcreativemix.Collaborative

Consumption—Whereverpeoplecluster,thereareassetsthatareindividuallyownedbut

collectivelyunderutilized.Aneconomycanbegrownbylinkingtheseassetsinto

networksofbarterandsale.Doyouownacarbutonlyuseit90minutesaday?Rentit

outwhenyou'renotusingit.CommunityCapital——Localgrowthrequireslocal

investmentcapital.UnfortunatelymajorU.S.banksarcnotmeetingtheneed.These

hanksmostlyextractcapitalfromthelocallevelanduseittospeculateinglobal

derivatives.Severalprojectshavetakenshapeinresponse;the"MoveYourMoney"

initiativeencouragesindividualstoshifttheirmoneyfrommajornationalbankstolocal

banksandcreditunions.Platformshelpsmallbusinessesraisemoney,muchofitlocal,

withoutrunningafoulofcomplexandcostlyregulationsthatmakeprivateofferings

difficult.DualCurrencySystemsinvolvealternativecurrenciesthatencouragepeopleto

spendandinvestlocally.RedirectingGovernmentandPrivateProcurementToward

LocalProviders-Developmentcanbestimulatedbyhelpinglocalbusinessesgetapiece

ofwhatlocalgovernmentsspendonprocurement.Onepopularsolutionistocreatea

databaseanddistributionnetworksothatprocurementstaffcaneasilybroadcastrequests

fbrproposaltoqualifiedlocalproviders.Thesameapproachcanbeappliedtoquasi­

publicentitieslikeeducationalinstitutions.Evenlocalbranchesofmajorcorporations

canbeenlistedtoreviewtheirprocurementspendingandlowerthebarrierstolocal

bidders.DevelopingLocalIndustries-Certainindustriesofferabove-averagepotential

forD.I.Y.economicdevelopment.Theseindustrieshaveattractedanewgenerationof

"socialentrepreneurs"whowanttobuildasuccessfulbusinessandatthesametimeserve

asocialneed.Inagriculture,the"farmtotable"movementpromotesdirectdistributionof

freshproducetohomes.Inenergy,localenergydevelopmentstart-upstaprenewable

sourceslikewindThoughtheircostperkilowattgeneratedisabithigher,theylosemuch

lessenergyintransmission.NationalExpansionoftheDI.Y.Economyrequires

spreadingideas,encouragingcollaboration,andpackagingpracticalsolutionssotheycan

beadoptedmorequickly,bymorepeople,inmoreplaces.Withlittleprogresslikelyin

Washington,D.C.,theD.I.Y.economyisanimportantpartofthesolutionweseek.

36、WecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatD.I.Yeconomy.

A、aimsa(enhancingthecompetitivenessoflocalbusinesses

B、intendstoenhancearegion'sabilitytoattractlargecorporations

C、laysgreatstressonsustainableeconomicdevelopment

D、ismainlyaboutrediscoveringthevirtueof(hrift

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第一段第四句指出了自助经济的指导思想：建立一种更强健、更能持

续发展(morero一bustandsustainable)的经济，［C］选项符合文意。

37、ItcanbeconcludedthatCollaborativeConsumptionfeatures.

A、awiderangeofproductsandservices

B、fexibleassetownership

C、informationtechnologyutilization

D、aclosely-connectcdcommunity

标准答案：B

知识点解析：［A］、［0、［D］选项误区在于，它们都是介绍协作消费过程中所涉及

的各个方面。但它们分别是协作消费的消费对象、技术手段、必备条件，并没有触

及其本质特征，故排除。

38、CommunityCapitalismainlyraisedby.

A、attractingtheinvestmentofnationalbanks

B、establishingmorelocalcreditunions

C,streamliningtheregulatoryprocessforsmallbusinesses

D^facilitatinglocalspendingandinvestment

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题干中的关键名词CommunityCapital(社区资本)定位到第二段。

该段先指出本地发展需要本地资本，随后列举了几项融奥途径；鼓励人们将钱存到

本地银行和信用合作社；建立帮助小企业筹集资金的平台以绕过关于“私人募股”的

繁琐的规章制度；采用双货币系统，通过使用当地货币的形式鼓励人们的当地消

费。我们可推知这些手段的共同目的是鼓励当地投资或消费，以促进本地经济的发

展，［D］选项正确。

39、LocalgovernmentscanpromoteD.I.Yeconomyby.

A^loweringbiddingstandardstolocalbusinesses

B、keepinglocalprovidersinformedofpurchasingnews

C、furtherdevelopingquasi-publicorganizations

D、offeringfinancialsupporttolocalindustries

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干关键名词localgovernments（当地政府）定位到第四段。该段

指出，地方政府可通过帮扶当地企业来促进本地经济发展，具体做法是，通过创建

数据库和分销网络，以便及时将政府采购讯息传达给符合条件的当地供应商，[B]

选项正确。

40、The"farmtotable"movementismentionedtoshow.

A^theimportanceofagriculturetolocaleconomy

B、thebenefitsgainedthroughD.I.Yeconomy

C、theindustriesparticularlysuitableforD.I.Yeconomy

D、（hefuturedirectionofagriculturaldevelopment

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干关键名词farmI。〔able（农场到餐桌）定位到第五段。该段首

先指出，就“自助经济模式”而言，某些本地行业展现了高于平均水平的潜力（即：

尤其适合DIY模式）。随后列举了农业•上的“农场到餐桌运动”，指出它不仅使当地

居民能够吃上新鲜农产品，且这种本地消费模式更直接、更环保。可见，作者通过

说明该运动的效用，意在说明农业尤其能体现自助经济的初衷（对照第一段：自助

经济旨在建立更强劲、更可持续的经济），[C]选项正确。

三、阅读（补全短文）（本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。）

YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouttipsforReadjustingYour

FinancialPlantoCopewithPostponedRetirement.Choosethemostsuitableheading

fromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph（1—5）.Thefirsttwoparagraphsofthe

（extarenotnumbered.Thereare（woextraheadingswhichyoudono（needtouse.Mark

youranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[AJReconsiderwhatkindofworkyoudo

[B]Prepareforlongerlifeexpectancy[CJUnderstandyouroptions—nowandlater

[D]Don'tgethunguponage[E]Figureoutyourneedsandwants[F]Focusonyourbody

[G]Prioritizeandmaketrade-offsIheardrecentlyfromanoldfriendwhohadbeen

financiallyresponsibleherwholelifebutalayoffseveralyearsagoderailedhersavings.

Nowshe'snearing60andpanickedaboutwhethershe'llbeabletoretirewhenshehad

originallyplannedto—ifatall.Soundfamiliar?Astheslowlyrecoveringeconomy

plodsalong,andmanyAmericansconfrontshortfallsinretirementsavings,thesearc

commonrefrainsfrombabyboomersandGenerationX.Itcanbeashocktorealizethat

yourmuch-anticipatedretirementmaynothappenontheday—ormonthoryear—you

initiallyimagineditandinthestyleyoudreamedabout.ButmanyAmericansare

continuing（oworkpastthetraditionalretirementageof65—orarereentering（he

workforceafterthey'veretired.JulydatafromtheU.S.BureauofLaborStatisticsshows

that7millionAmericansage65andolderwerestillintheworkforce,up63%froma

decadeago.Somemaycontinueworkingbychoice,butmanyarelikelystillworkingdue

tofinancialnecessity.AccordingtonewsurveyfindingsfromtheSocietyofActuaries,

morethan4in10prc-rctirccswhodonotexpecttoretiresayit'sbecausetheycan'tafford

todoso.Toaddtothestress,theemotionaladjustmentcanbeanevenbiggerchallengeif

you'rereconsideringyourretirementdate.Soifyou'relookingatyourfinancial

statementswithagulp,whatcanyoudo?[RI]Youmightthinkof65asbeing

theyearthatyoushouldretire.Butconsiderwhenandhowthis"traditional"retirement

ageoriginated—andwhetheritmakesanysensetoday.In1935theSocialSecurityAct

settheminimumageforreceivingfullretirementbenefitsat65.Butmenbornin1930

wereonlyexpectedtoliveuntilage58.Todaytheaveragelifeexpectancyis75formen

and80forwomen.Solookonthebrightside;youmightnccctoworklongerbe