考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷19

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷19

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

WhileU.S.companiesarcworryingabouthowtorecruittalentfromabroadinthefaceof

increasinglyrigorousimmigrationrules,adifferentandfarmoresignificantchallengeis

quietlybuilding.Whenyoungknowledgeworkerslookforajobtoday,theyseriously

considercompanieshalfaworldaway.HomegrownAmericantalentismovingabroad,in

whatcouldbecomeahugeshiftintheworldeconomicorder.Earlywarningsigns

abound.LookatSingapore'ssuccessinrecruitingtopU.S.academicstoitsuniversities

andresearchcenters:Itluredtheworld'sleadingseismologist（ageologistwhostudies

earthquakesandthemechanicalcharacteristicsoftheEarth）awayfromtheCalifornia

InstituteofTechnologyandthenumbertwoscientistattheNationalInstitutesofHealth

awayfromthatorganization.SiliconValleyexpatriateshavebeenmovingtoChinaina

smallbutsteadystream.FarmersfromtheMidwestareusingtheirhigh-techmethodsto

makeanewstartinBrazil,whererealestateischeap.TheUnitedStates'current

economicwoesareacceleratingthistrend.Thetricklethathasstartedatthetopwill

becomeafloodasmid-careerexecutiveslookfornewopportunitiesabroad.Ofcourse,

eventhebestmanagerwillstruggleifheorshedoesn'tspeakthelocallanguage.Butone

cangetbyinIndiawithEnglishonly,andSpanishisrelativelyeasytolearn.Moreover,

whenthechildrenoftoday'sexpatriatesentertheworkforce,they'llreapahuge

advantagefromknowingthesecondlanguage-Chinese,Portuguese,Hindi—they

learnedtospeakathomeasyoungsters.Moreandmoreparentsarediscoveringthata

multilingualeducationcanhelpinguaranteeinglifelongemployabilityfortheir

offspring.GovernmentpolicywillbecrucialindetermininghowwellU.S.companies

respondtotheincreasingoutflowofAmericantalent.Lawmakersmustnotresortto

knowledgeprotectionism——forinstance,byrequiringpeoplewhoattendstate-funded

universitiestospendacertainamountoftheirworkinglifeintheUnitedStates.Rather,

theymustensurethatAmericaremainsthemostfavorableplaceforhigh-techenterprises

andcontinuestoattractforeignstudentstoitsuniversitiesandforeignworkerstoits

companies.TheU.S.monopolyonleading-edgeopportunitiesisatanend.Theworld's

bestandbrightestnolongerassumethattheirfutureliesexclusivelyintheUnitedStates,

andAmerica'sbestarecomingtoa-gree:Theirpathtoadreamcareermaywellleadthem

overseas.

1、Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat.

A^theimmigrationrulesinAmericahaveloosenedup

B、Americantalentisshiftingtheworldeconomicorder

C、SingaporehasreplacedUStobetheidealcountryfbrscientists

D^therehavebeenmanysignsofAmericantalentmovingabroad

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题干定位到文章前两段。第一段③句提出全文的主题，即美国

本土人才选择国外就业的现象。第二段列举一些先兆，再次表明大量美国优秀人才

被其他国家挖走的事实。D项是正确答案。

2、TheauthorholdsthatanincreasingnumberofAmericansmoveabroadmainly

becauseof.

A、betteropportunitiesabroad

B、hugelinguisticadvantages

C^domesticeconomicrecession

D、lifelongemploymentsecurity

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章开头两段概述美国人才外流的现象，第三段分析造成这一现象的

原因，该段首句提到，美国的经济困境(economicwoes)加速了其人才外流的趋势，

因此可推断，经济的不景气是美国人才外流的一个原因，C项正确。

3、AccordingtoParagraph4,knowledgeprotectionismischaracterizedbybeing.

A、critical

R、compulsory

C、competitive

D、compelling

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干可定位到第四段。knowledgeprotectionism出现在该段②

句，指“知识保护主义:该句破折号后的内容举例说明了何为“知识保护主义”，即

强制从公立大学毕业的人必须在美国工作一定时间，据此可判断B项“强制性”是

“知识保护主义”的特点。

4、TodealwiththeoutflowofAmericantalent,theUnitedStatesgovernmentshould

A^tightenupitsimmigrationrules

B、adoptknowledgeprotectionism

C、keepAmericaanidealplaceforhigh-lechcompanies

D、monopolizeleading-edgeopportunities

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干中的iheouUlowofAmericanlalent可定位到第四段，该段正

是在讨论解决人才外流问题的办法。①句是中心句，明确提到了政府政策对于应

对人才外流问题的关键性作用(crucialindetermining...),②句则用反例提出一个不

良的做法，③句提出真正的建议，即维持美国最有利于高科技企业发展的这一地

位，并继续吸引外国学生及工人到美国来，C项所述与该句第一点对应，故为本题

答案。

5、Whichofthefollowingcouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

A、EconomyandAmericanImmigration

B、ALoomingAmericanTalent'sOutflow

C>AnAlertingReverseinImmigration

D、AmericanImmigrationPastandPresent

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本文讨论了美国人才外流的现象及其原因，并提出相应的对策。第一

段先指出美国本土人才不断流向外国的现象；第二段以例证显示美国人才外流的事

实：第三段分析造成这一现象的原因：第四段提出应对人才外流的关键在于政府政

策；最后一段谈及美国结束了对领先优势机遇的垄断，并借此现状表达出美国人才

外流问题的重要性。B项很好地概括了全文的主旨。

Nearlyallcultureshaveaversionofthearrowoflime,aprocessbywhichtheymove

towardsthefutureandawayfromthepast.Accordingtoapapertobepublishedin

PsychologicalSciencethishasaninterestingpsychologicaleffect.Agroupof

researchers,ledbyEugeneCarusooftheUniversityofChicago,foundthatpeoplejudge

thedistanceofeventsdifferently,dependingonwhethertheyarcinthepastorfuture.

Thepapercallsthisthe"TemporalDopplerEffect'1.Inphysics,theDopplereffect

describesthewaythatwaveschangefrequencydependingonwhethertheirsourceis

travelingtowardsorawayfromyou.MrCarusoarguesthatsomethingsimilarhappens

withpeople'sperceptionoflime.Becausefutureeventsareassociatedwithdiminishing

distance,whilethoseinthepastarethoughtofasreceding,somethinghappeninginone

monthfeelspsychologicallycloserthansomethingthathappenedamonthago.Thisidea

wastestedinaseriesofexperiments.Inone,researchersasked323volunteersand

dividedthemintotwogroups.AweekbeforeValentine'sday,membersofthefirstwere

askedhowtheyplannedtocelebrateit.AweekafterFebruary14ththesecondgroup

reportedhowtheyhadcelebratedit.Bothgroupsalsohadtodescribehowneartheday

feltonascaleofonetoseven.Thosedescribingforthcomingplansweremorelikelyto

reportitasfeeling"ashorttimefromnow",whilethosewhohadalreadyexperiencedit

tendedtoclusteratthe"alongtimefromnow"endofthescale.Toaccountfortherisk

thatrecallingactualeventsrequiresdifferentcognitivefunctionsthanimaginingonesthat

havenotyethappened,theyalsoaskedparticipantstoratethedistanceofhypothetical

eventsamonthinthepastorfuture.Theasymmetryremained.Interestingly,theeffect

canbereversedbymanipulatingtime'sarrow.Inanotherexperiment,participantswere

pluggedintoavirtualrealitymachine,withsomemovingforwardsalongatree-1inec

streetothersbackwards.Thosewhoweremovingbackwardsreportedthatpastevents

begantofeelcloser.MrCarusospeculatesthathisresearchhasimplicationsfor

psychologicalwell-being.Hesuspectsthatpeoplewhodonotshowthisbias-thosewho

feelthepastasbeingcloser-mightbemoresubjecttodepression,becausetheyaremore

likelytodwellonpastevents.Theremayalsobelessonsforpoliticiansandbusiness

leaders.Talkingoffutureplansmaybemoreeffectivethanboastingaboutpast

successes."Peoplewanttoknowwhatareyougoingtodoformenext,notwhathave

youdoneformelately/*suggestsMrCaruso.

6^AccordingtoParagraph1,thearrowoftimemayhaveanimpacton.

A、theprocessofalmostallcultureswhenmovingforward

B、people'sjudgeofthedistanceofcertainevents

知识点解析：根据题干定位到第四段。该段开头即提出本段大意：可以通过操纵时

间之箭来逆转这一效应(theeffect...time^arrow),此处的effect指代上文提到的

TemporalDopplereffect*A项与此相符。

10、Carusowouldmostprobablyagreethat.

A、politiciansandbusinessleadersshouldavoidboastingaboutpastachievements

B、thosewhoimmerseinthepastaremorevulnerabletodepression

C、peopleusuallyonlycarewhatcanbeservedfortheminthefuture

D、psychologicalwell-beingisdependentonpeople'sattitudetowardspastandfiiture

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据顺序出题的原则可定位到末段。该段①句提到关于“时间距离

感”的研究对心理健康有启示意义。②句提到对过去事件距离感更近的人更容易陷

入沮丧，B项的aremorevulnerabletodepression对应原文该句的moresubjectto

depression,B项为本题答案。

Whentwodrunkenmenfightoverawoman,alcoholandstupiditymaynotbetheonly

thingsatwork.Sadly,evolutionmayhaveshapedmentobehavethisway.Almostallof

thetraitsconsideredtobemasculine-bigmuscles,facialhair,squarejaws,deepvoices

andapropensitytoviolence-evolved,itnowseems,specificallyfortheirusefulnessin

fightingofforintimidatingothermen,allowingthewinnertogetthegirl.That,atleast,is

thecontentionofDavidPuts,ananthropologistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,inan

upcomingpaperinEvolurionandHumanBehavior.DrPutsislookingathowsexual

selectiongaverisetocertainhumantraits.Atraitissexuallyselectedifitevolved

specificallytoenhancematingsuccess.Theycomeintwomainforms:weapons,suchas

anelk'shorns,whichareusedtofightoffcompetitors;andornaments,likeapeacock's

tail,whichareusedtoadvertisegeneticfitnesstoattracttheoppositesex.Researchers

havetendedtoconsiderhumansexualselectionthroughthelensofthefemale'schoiceof

hermate.Buthumanmaleslookalotmorelikeanimalsdesignedtobattlewithone

anotherforaccesstofemales,saysDrPuts.Onaverage,menhave40%morefat-free

massthanwomen,whichissimilartothedifferenceingorillas,aspeciesinwhichmales

unquestionablycompetewithothermalesforexclusivesexualaccesstofemales.In

specieswhosemalesdonotfightforaccesstofemales,malesaregenerallythesamesize

as,orsmallerthan,females.Theheavierbrowandjawofmalesmighthavedevelopedto

withstandblowsfromothermales.Heavyeyebrows,facialhairanddeepvoicesallcould

servetomakeamanmoreimposingtoothermen.DrPutsdoesnotdismissmate

selectionoutright.Womenareattractedtosomeofthesametraitsthataregoodfbr

dominatingothermenbecausetheysignalthatthemanwillsiresonswhowillalsobe

successfulatmating.Butfemalechoiceprobablyisnottheprimarycauseofthetraits.It

isadisturbingideatomodernminds,harkingbacktooldstereotypesaboutviolent

cavemenbattlingwithclubswhileapassivewoman,fetchinginfurs,waitshelplesslyto

seewhowillwinher.ButDrPutsemphasizesthatevolutionarybiologyisnotdestiny.

Regardlessofourevolutionarypast,inmodernsocietiesmenandwomenfreelychoose

theirmates.However,understandingtheevolutionarypressuresthatmadementheway

theyarecouldhelpusbetterunderstandmaleviolence,includingmurder,domestic

abuse,gangviolenceandperhapsevenwarfare.

11>ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that.

A^masculinetraitshaveevolvedtogettheoppositesex

B、alcoholistheonlythingatworkindrunkenmen'sfight

C、evolutionhasshapedhumanbeings'traitsandbehavior

D、tendencytoviolencecannotbecountedasamasculinetrait

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据题于定位到第一段。该段③句说，男性特征可能是专为击败或

吓退其他男性以赢得女性而进化的，最终目的是为了getthegirl“得到女孩”，A项

的gettheoppositesex与文中的getthegirl同义。

12、Wecanlearnfromthetextthatmen'straits.

A^excludetheirtendencytoviolence

B、arereasonsfortheirfightoverfemales

C、aretheresultoffemalechoiceinevolution

D、evolvedtofacilitateaccesstofemales

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题干的men飞traits定位到第一段。该段③句说，几乎所有公认

的男性特征都是专为击败或威吓其他男性以赢得女性而进化的，即男性特征的进化

是为了有利于男性赢得女性，D项所述与此相符。

13、Elk'shornandpeacock'stailarementionedinParagraph2toshowthat.

A、theyaresexualtraitsuniquetomales

B、theyareornamentstoattractfemales

C、theyareweaponstofightoffcompetitors

D、theyevolvedtomakematingsuccessful

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据el-shorn以及peacock'stail可定位到第二段。该段③句说，某

个特征如果是进化来提高交配成功率的(enhancematingsuccess),那这个特彳F就是

性选择导致的。④句则举例麋鹿的角和孔雀的尾巴来说明性选择导致的特征的两

种形式，elk'shorns属于第一种形式----weapons,而peacock,stail则属于第.种

形式----ornaments,两种形式的1=1的都是为了enhancematingsuccess,D项中

makematingsuccessful与此对应，故确定D项为正确选项。

14、Thesimilaritybetweenhumanbeingsandgorillasisthat.

A、femaleshavethesamerateoffat-freemass

B、maleshavemorefat-freemassthanfemales

C^thepopulationofmalesissmallerthanfemales

D、thesizeoffemalesisgenerallylargerthanmales

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干中的gorillas可定位到第三段。该段③句将人类与大猩猩作

比较，其中提到有一个类似点，即雄性的非脂肪体积比雌性多约40%,定语从句

whichissimilarto…中which所指代的内容即为本题答案，B项只是将原文的men

及women替换成了males及females,所述与原文一致，故确定B项正确。

15>Thelastparagraphintendstotellus.

A、masculinetraitsaredevelopedbecauseoffemalechoice

B、knowingaboutevolutionhelpsusunderstandmen'sbehavior

C、howsexualselectiongivesrisetocertainhumantraits

D、evolutioncanexplainthecauseofmen'straitsandbehavior

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干可直接定位到最后一段。该段④句说了解塑造男性现状的

进化压力，能帮助我们更好地理解男性暴力，也就是说了解进化论可以帮助我们理

解男性的一些特征和行为，所以B项正确。

Thesimpleactofhand-washinghasbeenshowntohelpclearaguiltyconscienceand

evenmakeyoumoreforgivingofthemoralmistakesofothers.It'sknownastheMacbeth

principleofmorality:wcmakeafundamental,psychologicalassociationbetween

physicalpurityandmoralpurity,whichletsusliterallywashawayoursins.Thetrick

evenworksintheoppositedirection,withcleanlinesspromptingmoralbehaviorinone

study,peopleexposedtoaclean-smellingenvironmentwereinducedtoactmorefairly

andcharitablytowardstrangersthanpeopleinaneutral-smellingplace.Nowanewstudy

publishedinScienceaskswhetherhand-washingcanwipetheslatecleanofanypast

behavior-eveneverydaydecisions,like,say,choosingParisoverRomeforvacation.

Whenpeoplemakechoices,especiallybetweentwosimilarlyattractiveoptions,theytend

togotogreatlengthstojustifythemaspsychologicalassurancethey'vemadetheright

decision.Thementalexercisereducespost-decisionaldoubtandtheauthorsofthenew

studyfoundthathandwashingeliminatedpeople'sneedtodoit.Aspartofanalleged

consumersurvey,40undergraduatesbrowsed30CDcoversasiftheywereinamusic

store.Theyselected10CDstheywouldliketoownandrankedthembypreference.

Later,theexperimenterofferedthemachoicebetweentheirfifth-andsixth-rankedCDs

asatokenofappreciationfromthesponsor.Afterthechoice,participantscompletedan

seeminglyunrelatedproductsurveythataskedforevaluationsofaliquidsoap;half

merelyexaminedthebottlebeforeanswering,whereasotherstestedthesoapbywashing

theirhands.Afterafillertask,participantsrankedthe10CDsagain."Peoplewhomerely

examinedthesoapbottledealtwiththeirdoubtsaboutiheirdecisionbychanginghow

theysawtheCDs:asinhundredsofearlierstudies,oncetheyhadmadeachoice,they

sawthechosenCDasmuchmoreattractivethanbefore,andtherejectedCDasmuch

lessattractive,"saidstudyco-authorNorbertSchwarz,apsychologistatUniversityof

Michigan."Buthand-washingeliminatedthisclassiceffect.Onceparticipantshad

washedtheirhands,theynolongerneededtojustifytheirchoicewhentheyrankedthe

CDsthesecondtimearound."Theresearchersrepeatedtheexperiment,thistimeasking

participantstorankthedesirabilityoffourkindsoffruitjam.Onceagain,volunteerswho

wipedtheirhandscleanafterchoosingshowedthekindofsatisfactionwiththeirdecision

thatthenon-wiperslacked.Still,there'snoguaranteethataboutofhandwashingwill

avoidpost-decisionremorseinthelongrun.Asfarasthosebigdecisionsgo,however,

you'reprobablybestoffengagingingoodold-fashionedjustification.

16、AccordingtotheMacbethprincipleofmorality,physicalcleanness.

A^reflectsone'smoralpurity

determinesone'smoralstatus

C、isrelatedtoone'smoralpurity

D、interactswithone'smoralpurity

标准答案：C

知识点解