会计英语 课件 Chapter 1 Introduction to Accounting

PracticalEnglishforAccounting实用会计英语Chapter1IntroductiontoAccounting--1Wisdom:Fewrichmenowntheirproperty（财产）.Thepropertyownsthem.—RobertGreenIngersoll,AmericanLawyerWhichoneismoreimportant?Thebestcureforthenationaleconomywouldbeeconomy（经济？节约？理财？）.—AshoeyCooper,BritishnovelistReadingQuestions1.Whyaccountingiscalled“thelanguageofbusiness”?Allthepeopleinthebusinessworlduseaccountingtermstodescribeeconomicactivitiesanduseaccountingknowledgetomanagetheirbusinesses.

ReadingQuestions

2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenbookkeepingandaccounting?Bookkeepingisaprocessofaccounting,themeansofrecordingtransactionsandkeepingrecords.Bookkeepingistheday-to-dayrecord-keepinginvolvedintheprocessofaccounting.Bookkeepingisasmall,simplebutimportantpartofaccounting.3.Whatisthegoalofaccounting?Themajorgoalofaccountingistheanalysis,interpretation,anduseofinformation.4.TheDefinitionofAccountingEarlydefinition

Theartofrecording,classifying,andsummarizinginasignificantmannerandintermsofmoney,transactionsandeventswhichare,inpartatleast,ofafinancialcharacter,andinterpretingtheresultthereofThemoderndefinitionAninformationsystemthatmeasures,processes,andcommunicatesfinancialinformationaboutanidentifiableeconomicentityEncyclopediadefinitionTheprocessofmaintaining,auditing,andprocessingfinancialinformationforbusinesspurposeAccounting---serviceactivitiesrecording--maitainingclassifyingsummarizinginterpretingmeasuringprocessingcommunicating--makingdecisionsauditingfinacialinformationmoneytransactioneventsRecite1Inmodernbusinesssociety,accountingisconsideredasaserviceactivity.Itisalinkbetweenbusinessactivityanddecisionmakers.Accountingmeasuresbusinessactivitiesbyrecordingdataaboutthemforfutureuse.Then,throughdataprocessing,thedataarestoredandprocessedtobecomeusefulinformation.Last,theinformationiscommunicated,throughreports,tothosewhocanuseitinmakingdecisions.Recite2Inmodernbusinesssociety,accountingisconsideredasa

.Itisa

betweenbusinessactivityand

.Accountingmeasuresbusinessactivitiesby

aboutthemforfutureuse.Then,throughdataprocessing,thedataare

and

tobecomeusefulinformation.Last,theinformationiscommunicated,through

,tothosewhocanuseitinmakingdecisions.Recite3Inmodernbusinesssociety,

isconsideredasaserviceactivity.Itisalinkbetween

and

.Accountingmeasuresbusinessactivitiesby

dataaboutthemfor

.Then,throughdata

,thedataarestoredandprocessedtobecomeuseful

.Last,theinformationis

,throughreports,tothosewhocanuseitinmakingdecisions.Recite4Inmodernbusinesssociety,accountingis

asaserviceactivity.Itisalink

businessactivityanddecisionmakers.Accounting

businessactivities

recordingdata

them

futureuse.Then,

dataprocessing,thedataarestoredandprocessed

becomeusefulinformation.Last,theinformationiscommunicated,

reports,tothosewhocanuseit

makingdecisions.Chapter1IntroductiontoAccounting--21.2HistoryofAccountingTheMiddleEast--primitiveaccountingmethodstorecordthegrowthofcropsandherdsAsmanbegantotrade,weestablishedtheconceptofvalueanddevelopedamonetarysystem.(BabylonianEmpire(4,500B.C.),inPharaohs’EgyptandintheCodeofHammurabi(2,250B.C.))Withtheadventoftaxation,recordkeepingbecameanecessityforthegovernmentstosustainsocialorders.TheItalianRenaissanceFraLucaPacioliwrotehisSumma“theFatherofAccounting”Thepresentdaytrialbalancesheetdidnotgetitsformuntil1868.theincomestatementwasdevelopedbeforeWorldWarⅡ.Inthe1980s,statementsoffinancialpositionweredevelopedTimeDevelopment17000yearsagoprimitiveaccountingmethods2BabylonianEmpire(4,500B.C.),inPharaohs’EgyptandintheCodeofHammurabi(2,250B.C.))theconceptofvalueandamonetarysystem3Taxation4TheItalianRenaissanceandlater500yearsFraLucaPacioliwrotehisSumma51868trialbalancesheet6beforeWorldWarⅡtheincomestatement7Inthe1980sstatementsoffinancialpositionChapter1IntroductiontoAccounting--31.3UsersofAccountingInformationTheaccountingsystemservesmanykindsofuserswhocanbedividedintotwogroups:externalusersandinternalusers.Externalusersnotdirectlyinvolvedinrunningtheorganization;Theyincludelenders,investors,customers,suppliers,auditors,regulators,lawyers,brokers,thepress,andsoon.limitedaccesstoanorganization’sinformation;general-purposefinancialstatements通用报表;Internalusersthemanagementofanorganization;toimprovetheefficiencyandeffectivenessofanorganization.Managerialaccountingistheareaofaccountingthatservesthedecision-makingneedsofinternalusers.Bothinternalandexternalusersrelyoninternalcontrolstomonitorandcontrolcompanyactivities.Externalusersfocuson......creditors,wholendmoneyordelivergoodsandservicesbeforebeingpaidbythecompanywhetherthecompanywillhavethecashtopaytheinterestandrepaythedebtatfixedtime.Banks,financecompanies,mortgagecompanies,securitiesfirms,suppliers,andindividualswholendmoneyacompany’sfinancialpositionbeforemakingaloantothecompanyInvestorsthepastsuccessofthebusinessanditspotentialearningsinthefutureExternalauditorswhethertheyarepreparedaccordingtogenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciplesRegulators,suchastaxauthoritiesrequireorganizationstofileaccountingreportsincomputingtaxesCustomersandthegeneralpublicoperatingresults,theeffectsthatcorporationshaveoninflation,theenvironment,socialproblems,andthequalityoflifeChapter1IntroductiontoAccounting--4

1.4AccountingCareerAccountingCareerABCDCPA(CertifiedPublicAccountant)accountantaccountingclerkbookkeeper2.2yearsassociatedegreeinaccounting4.ahighschooldiploma1.aminimumof4yearsbachelor'sdegreeinaccounting3.collegecreditsoverandaboveyouraccountingmajor,workexperience,passCPAExamBookkeeperHandlearangeofroutinefinancialactivities,suchaspayroll,billing,andpurchases;Performarangeofbasicfinancialresponsibilities,AccountantAccountingClerkAssisttheaccountantswithroutinetasks;Hasamorenarrowlyfocusedtask,suchasapayrollclerk,anaccountspayableclerk,anaccountsreceivableclerk,aninventoryclerk,oracostclerkCPALargerCPAfirms:workintheirtaxdepartmentsoradvisoryservicesareaSmallerCPAfirms:reviewingabusinessclient'sfinancialstatements,preparingabusinesstaxreturn,preparingthebusinessowners'personaltaxreturns,andtaxplanningAccountingCareerManycompaniesarelargeenoughandcomplexenoughtorequiretheongoingexpertiseofanin-houseaccountant1.Payscloseattentiontodetails,butdoesnotlosesightofhowdetailsaffectthebiggerpicture

2.Isaproblemsolver;astrategicthinker

3.Hasaproductivecuriosityaboutbus