考研英语（二）模拟试卷179

考研英语（二）模拟试卷179

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

Studentsofmanagementtheoryhavelong[Cl]whatconstitutestheworstkind

ofbook—theCEOautobiographyorthemanagementtomethatpromisesto[C2]

thesecretsofbusiness[C3]onesyllable.Rutin"Managementin10

Words"SirTerryLeahy,aformerbossofTesco,hasperformedaremarkableactof

alchemy:combiningtwodismalformsto[C4]anexcellentbook—averitable

managementturnerthathasinterestingthingstosayabouteverythingfromthe

evolutionofBritishsocietytotheartof[C5]hugeorganisations.SirTerryisan

exampleofatypeofBritonthatisbecomingincreasingly[C6]:aworking-

classboymade[C7]bydintofquickwitsandhardwork.Ascholarshiptoa

localpublicschoolandatasteforthegrocerybusiness[C8]himwithaladder

up:hestartedhiscareerstackingshelvesatTescoandended[C9]asCEOfor

14years.WhenSirTerrywas[CIO]tothetopjob,Tescowasstrugglingin

thirdplaceinBritain'ssupermarkethierarchybehindSainsbury'sandMarks&Spcnccr.

Rumourhaditthatatobaccocompanyhadtoyedwithbuyingthesupermarketbut

[Cl1]theideabelievingitwouldbebadforthebrand.TodayTescoisBritain's

largestprivateemployerandthethird-largestsupermarketintheworld,[C12]in

14countriesandofferingbankingandinsurance[C13]fruitandvegetables.Sir

Terryargues(hatthesecrethasbeen[04]innovation.Tescointroducedloyalty

cardsinorderto[C15]informationonitscustomersandencouragethemto

keepcomingback.And(hetroveofcustomerinformationprovidedbytheloyaltycard

easedTesco'sentry[C16]bankingande-commerce.[C17],SirTerry

readily[CI8]thatthereisnosciencetomanagement:hegotthe[C19]

foroneofTesco'smostsuccessfulinnovations—smallstoresintowncentres—

fromvisitingawholesalerand[C20]howmuchbusinessitwasdoingsellingto

smallshops.

1、[Cl]

A^debated

B、quarrelled

C、discussed

D、argued

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析题。本句想表达的意思是：管理理论学界的学者们对于使得

管理类的书籍变得如此糟糕的原因进行了长期的。A项debaled”讨论，辩

论”，多指公开/正式场合进行的辩论或严肃的争论，双方各自陈述理由，.•交

锋”“往返”的意味较强，更符合文章的表达，故A项为正确选项。

2、[C2]

A、prove

B、reveal

C、predict

D^discover

标准答案：B

知识点解析：动词辨析题。文章提到themanagementtomethatpromisestothe

secretsofbusiness,后面的宾语是secrets,前面说到他们争论不休,主要就是为了

“揭露”商界的秘诀，故B项为正确选项。

3、[C3]

A、inregardof

B>inlightof

C、inwordsof

D、intermsof

标准答案：C

知识点解析：固定搭配题。文章中提到theCEOautobiographyorthemanagement

tomethatpromisestorevealthesecretsofbusinessonesyllable（首周；拉1行官的自

传或者是就可以揭露商业秘诀的管理类典籍），而inwordsofonesyllable本

身就是一个固定词组，表示“用极其简单的言语“，代入原文，表示“用极其简单的

言语就可以揭露“，符合文意，故C项为正确选项。

4、[C4]

A、develop

B、generate

C、produce

D^create

标准答案：C

知识点解析：动词辨析题。anexcellentbook（一本出色的书籍），将各

选项代入，C项produce表示“制造，制作"，更符合文意，故C项为正确选项。

5、[C5]

A^transplanting

transforming

C、transferring

D、transmitting

标准答案：B

知以点解析：动词辨析题。根据文中提供的信息allexcellenthook—averitable

managementturnerthathasinterestingthingstosayabouteverythingfromthe

evolutionofBritishsocietytotheartofhugeorganisaiions（一本出色的书籍

一部引人入胜的管理类书籍，它讲述了从英国社会的演变到大型组织

的艺术等有趣之事），该空表达的是从一种形态转变成另一种形态之意，故B项为

正确选项。

6、[C6]

A、rare

B、unique

C^particular

D、special

标准答案；A

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。根据文章的前后关系SirTerryisanexampleofatype

ofBritonthatisbecomingincreasingly（Terry爵士是英国人的典型范例，他身

上带着英国人越来越_____的一种特质），rare一般指情况或物体很少出现，很珍

贵，较书面用语，故A项为正确选项。

7、[C7]

A、well

B、right

C、good

D、bad

标准答案：C

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。根据文章的前后关系aworking-classboy

madebydintofquickwitsandhardwork（一个L薪阶层出身的孩子通过机智聪

明和艰苦的工作）,makegood在这里表示“取得成功”，故C项为正确选项。

8、[C8]

A^offered

B、provided

C^afforded

D、supplied

标准答案：B

知以点解析：动词辨析题。根据文中结构搭配和意思Ascholarshiptoalocalpublic

schoolandatasteforthegrocerybusinesshimwithaladderup（他获得了公立学

校的奖学金以及在零售业工作的机会，从而迈向成功），provided指有远见，为应

付意外、紧急情况等做好充分准备而“提供”，可用于providesb.withsth.或

providesth.forsb.结构，代入文中表达提供了成功的机会，故B项为正确选项。

9、[C9]

A、at

B、with

C、off

D^up

标准答案：D

知识点解析：介词辨析题。根据原文hestartedhiscareerstackingshelvesatTesco

andendedasCEOfor14years.（在乐购的货架间开蛤工作，担任了14

年的首席执行官。）根据句意，endup"最终处于（意料之外的状况）”更符合句子所要

表达的意思，故D项为正确选项。

10、[C10]

A、appointed

B、assigned

C、designated

D、constituted

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析题。根据本文WhenSirTerrywastothetopjob,

TescowasstrugglinginthirdplaceinBritain'ssupermarkethierarchybehindSainsbury's

andMarks&Spencer.（当Terry爵士这个最高职位时，乐购在英国超市中排名

第三，仅次于Sainsbury's和玛莎百货。）appoint后面多跟职位一类的名词，故A项

为正确选项。

11、[C11]

A、ignored

B、dropped

C、neglected

D、disregarded

标准答案：B

知识点解析：动词辨析题。根据原文Rumorhaditthatatobaccocompanyhadtoyed

withbuyingthesupermarketbuttheideabelievingitwouldbebadforthebrand.（有谣

言指明一家烟草公司考虑过要买下乐购，但最后了这个想法，他们觉得这样

会有损自己的品牌。）所以B项dropped“放弃”更符合文中的意思，故B项为正确选

项。

12、[C12]

A、supervising

B、managing

C、operating

D、running

标准答案：C

知识点解析：动词辨析题。根据文章TodayTescoisBritain'slargestprivate

employerandthethird-largestsupermarketintheworld»in14countries（如今，

乐购已经是英国最大的私营雇主以及世界第三大超市品牌，在14个国家）。

只有C项operating“运行”符合文意，故C项为正确选项。

13、[C13]

A、too

B、either

C、aswell

D、aswellas

标准答案：D

知识点解析：副词辨析题。根据位置只能选择D项。aswellas常用来连接两个并

列的成分，表示“也，还”。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及，因此连接并

列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致，故D项为正确选项。

14、[C14]

A、continuous

B、continual

C、successive

D、constant

标准答案：D

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。根据文章SirTerryarguesthatthesecrethas

beeninnovation.（Terry爵士认为，商业秘诀是创新。）D项constant多

指习惯性的重复和不变的持续，更符合文章的表达，故D项为正确选项。

15、[C15]

A^accumulate

B、gather

C^assemble

D、amass

标准答案：B

知识点解析：动词辨析题。B项gather的主语是人时指按要求或自发地在某处集合

或聚集，其主语是物时指分散之物或将分散之物汇总、聚集在•起。根据文章所要

表达信息，故B项为正确选项。

16、[C16]

A、out

B、by

C、back

D^into

标准答案：D

知识点解析：介词辨析题。entry后面只能接inlo,故D项为正确选项。

17、[C17]

A、Nevertheless

B、Therefore

C、Meanwhile

D^Moreover

标准答案：A

知识点解析：副词辨析题。根据文章Andthetroveofcustomerinformationprovided

bytheloyaltycardeasedTesco'sentryintobankingande-commerce.,Sir

Terryreadily...（通过推广会员卡收集到的顾客信息为乐购进人银行业和电子商

务提供了便利。，Terry爵士很坦诚地……）再联系前后文逻辑关系可知，A

项为正确选项。

18、[C18]

A、admits

B、believes

C、claims

D、predicates

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析题。本题考查动词，关键点是动词和后面的宾语从句的动宾

搭配。文章讲到thatthereisnosciencetomanagement：hegot（hefor

oneofTesco'smostsuccessfulinnovations—smallstoresintowncentres,根据该句，

该空应该填入已经成为事实的动词，与.上下文相符，故A项为正确选项。

19、[C19]

A、thought

B、opinion

C、idea

D^advice

标准答案：C

知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据文章hegottheforoneofTesco'smost

successfulinnovations—smallstoresintowncentres可知，C项idea”主意，想法“，指

在日常生活中或在学术领域中理解、推理、幻想产生的念头，故C项为正确选

项。

20、[C20]

A、observing

B、seeing

C、watching

D^noticing

标准答案：D

知识点解析：动词辨析题。根据文章SirTerryreadilyadmitsthatthereisnoscience

tomanagement：hegottheideaforoneofTesco'smostsuccessfulinnovations-small

storesin(owncentres—fromvisitingawholesalerandhowrr.uchbusinessitwasdoing

sellingtosmallshops.可知D项最符合文意，故D项为正确选项。

二、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共20题，每题1.0

分,共20分。)

Smartphoneshavebynowbeenimplicatedinsomanycrummyoutcomes-carfatalities,

sleepdisturbances,empathyloss,relationshipproblems,failuretonoticeaclownona

unicycle-thati(almostseemseasiertolistthethingstheydon'tmessupthan(hethings

(heydo.Oursocietymaybereachingpeakcriticismofdigitaldevices.Evenso,emerging

researchsuggeststhatakeyproblemremainsunderappreciated.Itinvolveskids'

development,butit'sprobablynotwhatyouthink.Morethanscreen-obsessedyoung

children,weshouldbeconcernedabouttuned-outparents.Yes,parentsnowhavemore

facetimewiththeirchildrenthandidalmostanyparentsinhistory.Despiteadramatic

increaseinthepercentageofwomenintheworkforce,motherstodayastoundinglyspend

moretimecaringfortheirchildrenthanmothersdidinthe1960s.Buttheengagement

betweenparentandchildisincreasinglylow-quality,evenersatz.Parentsarcconstantly

presentintheirchildren'slivesphysically,huttheyarclessemotionallyattuned.Tobe

clear.I'mnotunsympathetictoparentsinthispredicament.Myownadultchildrenliketo

jokethattheywouldn'thavesurvivedinfancyifI'dhadasmartphoneinmyclutches25

yearsago.Toargue(hatparents*useofscreensisanunderappreciatedproblemisn'tto

discountthedirectrisksscreensposetochildren:Substantialevidencesuggeststhatmany

typesofscreentime(especiallythoseinvolvingfast-pacedorviolentimagery)are

damagingtoyoungbrains.Today'spreschoolersspendmorethanfourhoursadayfacing

ascreen.And,since1970.theaverageageofonsetof"regular"screenusehasgonefrom

4yearstojustfourmonths.Someofthenewerinteractivegameskidsplayonphonesor

tabletsmaybemorebenignthanwatchingTVorYouTube,inthattheybettermimic

children'snaturalplaybehaviors.And,ofcourse,manywell-functioningadultssurvived

amind-numbingchildhoodspentwatchingalotofcognitivegarbage.(Mymother一

unusuallyforhertime-prohibitedSpeedRacerandGilligan'sIslandonthegroundsof

insipidness.ThatIsomehowmanagedtowatcheverysingleepisodeofeachshowscores

oftimeshasneverbeenexplained.)Still,noonereallydisputesthetremendous

opportunitycoststoyoungchildrenwhoarepluggedintoascreen:Timespenton

devicesistimenotspentactivelyexploringtheworldandrelatingtootherhumanbeings.

21、Wecanlearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatsmartphones.

A^hardlyhaveanyadvantages

B、bringnumerousbadeffects

C、bearthemostseveredcriticism

D、havelitdeeffectonparents

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到文章第一、二段。第一段提到智能手

机带来的危害太多，不能一一列出，但是列出没有被它们干扰的事情似乎还是比较

容易的，即B项为合理推断，故B项为正确选项。

22、Theword"ersatz"(Para.3)mostprobablymeans.

A、invalid

disputable

C>unreal

D^insufficient

标准答案：C

知识点解析：词汇理解题。根据定位词定位到文章第三段。根据单词所在句的句

意：但是父母和孩子之间故交流质量越来越低，甚至是O父母通常在孩子的

物质生活上投入关心，但在情感上，投入却很少。比质量低还差的应该是假的，不

真实的，故C项为正确选项。

23、Thecontactbetweenparentsandchildrenispoorerbecause.

A、parentshardlyhavesparetime

B、childrenaredistractedbydigitaldevices

C、affectiveinteractionishardlyinvolved

D、parentsmaybeaddictedtosmartphones

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第三段。contact与原文中的

engagement为同义替换；poorer与increasinglylow-quali(>为同义替换。原文提

到，父母通常在孩子的物质生活上投入关心，但在情感上，投入却很少；再根据最

后一句孩子们开的玩笑可知，D项为正确选项。

24、AccordingtoParagraph4,wecanlearnthatrisksofuseofscreen.

A、shouldbeviewedcorrectly

B、needmorecredibleevidence

C、arehigheramongparents

D、areoverestimatedamongchildren

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到文章第四段，原文提到，父母使用电

子设备的影响未引起重视的这种想法，并不是要低估电子设备对孩子们的直接危

害，可知电子设备对父母及孩子的影响应该同样得到正视，故A项为正确选项。

25、Whichkindofgamemaybewholesomeforkids?

A、Agamewithlimitedepisode.

B、Agameaccordingwiththeirnature.

C、Agametestingcognitivelevel.

D^Agamepromotingbraindevelopment.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章最后一段，原文指出孩子们在手

机或平板电脑上玩的一些较新的互动游戏可能比看电视或YouTube更有益，因为

它们更能模仿孩子天性的游戏行为，B项属于合理推断，故B项为正确选项。

MPsaretoinvestigatetheenvironmentalimpactofthrowaway"fastfashion"intheUK

amidgrowingconcernsthatthemulti-billionpoundindustryiswastingvaluable

resourcesandcontributingtoclimatechange.Theinquiry,launchedonFridaybythe

HouseofCommonsenvironmentalauditcommittee,willexplorethecarbonimpact,

resourceuseandwaterfootprintofclothing(hroughoutitslifecycleandsupplychain.

Invitingevidenceonhowtheinfluentialsectorshouldremodelitselftobeboth"thriving

andsustainable',,itwilllookathowimprovedrecyclingratesofclothingcouldslash

wasteandpollution,"Fashionshouldn'tcosttheEarth."saidMaryCrcaghMP,chairof

thecommittee."Butthewaywedesign,makeanddiscardclotheshasahuge

environmentalimpact.Producingclothesrequiresclimatc-changingemissions.Every

timeweputonawash,thousandsofplasticfibreswashdownthedrainintotheoceans.

Wedon'tknowwhereorhowtorecycleend-of-lifeclothing."Despiterecenttroubleson

(heUKhighstreet,thefashionsectorhascontinuedtogrow.AccordingtotheBritish

FashionCouncil,theUKfashionindustrycontributed£28.1bntonationalGDPin2015,

upfrom£21bnin2009.But(heglobalisedmarketforfashionmanufacturinghas

facilitateda"fastfashion"phenomenon:aproliferationofcheapandcheerfulclothing,

withquickturnoverthatencouragesconsumerstokeepbuying,thecommitteewarns.The

rawmaterialsusedtomanufactureclothesrequirelandandwater,orextractionoffossil

fuels,whilecarbondioxideisemittedthroughouttheclothingsupplychainandsome

chemicaldyes,finishesandcoatingsmaybetoxic.Researchhasfoundthatplastic

microfibresinclothingarereleasedwhentheyarewashed,andenterrivers,theoceanand

eventhefoodchain.LastyearthefashiondesignerStellaMcCartneycondemnedherown

industryas"incrediblywastefulandharmfultotheenvironment."AreportfromtheEllen

MacArthurFoundationputtheannualcosttotheUKeconomyoflandfillingclothingand

householdtextilesatabout£82m.Itwarnedthatiftheglobalfashionindustrycontinues

onitscurrentgrowthpath,itcouldusemorethanaquarteroftheworld'sannualcarbon

budgetby2050.Keytotheinquiryishowuonsuincrscouldbeencouragedtobuyfewer

clothes,reuseclothesandthinkabouthowbesttodisposeofclotheswhentheyarcno

longerwanted.Anestimated300,000tonnesoffashionwastegoesstraightintolandfill

eachyear,despitegrowingeffortstoencourageconsumerstorecycletheirwornand

unwantedclothing.

26、Wecanlearnthatthe"fastindustry"inUKischaracterizedby.

A、disposable

B、worrisome

C、dwindled

D^prosperous

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第一段。原文指出英国下院议员

们将调杳一次性“快速时尚”在英国对环境的影响，disposable与throwaway为同义

替换，故A项为正确选项。

27、Theword"slash"(Para.2)mostprobablymeans.

A、influence

B、plunge

C、relieve

D^eliminate

标准答案：C

知识点解析：词汇理解题。根据定位词定位到文章第二故。根据单诃所在句句意，

有影响力的行业应该如何改革以实现“繁荣和可持续发展”，有据可依，借此，时装

行业将着眼于如何通过提店服装回收率来浪费和污染，可知C项为正确选

项。

28、Whichofthefollowingfeaturesisoddaboutthe"fastfashion"phenomenon?

A、Lowprice.

B、Highsales.

C^Happyfeeling.

D、Speedyupdate.

标准答案；B

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第三段。原文指出，但是该委员

会警告称，全球化的时尚制造业市场促进了一种“快速时尚”现象：廉价、令人愉悦

的服装大量涌现，而服装的快速更替又刺激消费者继续购买。只有B项原文未提

及，故B项为正确选项。

29、TheinquirylaunchedbytheHouseofCommonsmainlyfocuson

A、curbingthe"fastindustry"phenomenon

B、handlingtheusedclothesproperly

C、recyclingtheoldclothesasmanyaspossible

D、wearingtheclothesaslongaspossible

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章最后一段，原文指出，调查的关

键是如何鼓励消费者少买衣服，重新使用衣服，并考虑在他们不再需要这些衣服的

时候如何最好地处理它们。观察各选项，B项符合文义，故B项为正确选项。

30、Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

A、MPstoEncourageRecycleofUsedClothes

B、MPstoExplainthe"FastFashion"Phenomenon

C^MPstoIllustratetheEnvironmentalIssuesCausedhyClothes

D、MPstoExamineEnvironmentalFootprintofUKFashionIndustry

标准答案：D

知识2解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是英国“快速时尚”现象，也就是时装行

业对环境造成的影响及解决办法，故D项最符合题意。

Familycaregiversprovideessential,oftenunpaidworkintheU.S.:theyhelpfamily

memberswithtaskslikebathingandeating,coordinatinginsurancecoverageand

managingmedications.ButwhatacaregiverlookslikeinAmericaischanging.Although

(hetypicalunpaidfamilycaregiverisa49-year-oklwhitewoman,about10million

Americansbetweenages18and34,ofalldifferentbackgrounds,arenowthecaregivers

forafamilymemberorfriend,accordingtoanewreportbyAARP.Oneoutoffour

familycaregiversintheII.S.isamillennial.AndasRahyRoomersageandneedmore

support,thisyounggroupisbecominganincreasinglyimportantpartofthecaregiving

workforce.Morethanhalfofmillennialcaregiversarenowpeopleofcolor,accordingio

thereport,andtheyaremorelikelythananyothergenerationtobalancecaregivingwith

employment.Nearlythreequartersofmillennialcaregiversareemployed,accordingto

thenewreport,and53%workfulltime.Theyalsospendanaverageof21hoursper

weekoncaregiving,ortheequivalentofaparttimejob.Morethanoneinfour

millennialsspendsover20hourseachweekprovidingcare,androughlyoneinfive

providescareforatleast40hourseachweek."Manyofthesemillennialsarenotjust

workingandprovidingthiscare,butaretryingtofigureout,'howdoIbalanceallof

this?'"saysJeanAccius,anexpertonlong-termcareservicesandsupportsattheAARP's

publicpolicyinstitute,whichprovidesguidesfbrdifferentcommunitiesofcaregivers.

"At(histimeintheirlife,atypicalmillennialmaybethinkingaboutgoingonvacation,

hangingoutwithfriendsandpotentiallygettingmarried,butthesemillennialsaredoing

thingslikewoundcareandbathing."ThereportfindsthatLatinomillennialsoftenface

increasedpressure,astheyworkmorehourseachweekonaverageandspendmoretime

providingcarethanyoungadultsofotherbackgrounds.Someofthishastodowiththe

factthatHispanicAmericansaremorelikelytoliveinmulti-generationalhouseholds,

Acciussays.Taskslikenavigatinggovernmenthealthsystemsorcoordinatingcare

betweenmultipleproviderscanalsobeparticularlychallengingforfamiliesthathave

memberswhosefirstlanguageisnotEnglish.Anothercommonsourceofstressisthe

impactthatcaregivingresponsibilitiescanhaveonaperson'scareer.54%ofmillennial

caregiverssaythatcaregivinghasimpactedtheirjobinsignificantways,accordingtothe

report.Yetmillennialsaremuchlesslikelytotelltheirsupervisorsorcolleaguesatwork

abouttheircaregivingresponsibilities,meaningtheyareoftennavigatingalone.Onesign

ofprogressisthatmillennialmenarenearlyaslikelytoprovidecareaswomen,

according(o(hereport,"Thewaythatmillennialsthinkaboutgenderedworkorgendered

carerolesischanging,"saysWhiling."TheU.S.isalreadyfacingashortageof

caregivers,andtheincreasinggenderandracialdiversityofmillennialcaregiverswillbe

necessarytosupportallthosewhoneedhelpinthefuture,"shesays."Wesee,especially

amongmillennials,thateverybodybearssomeresponsibility,andweneedtocarefor

eachother."

31、AccordingtoAARP,familycaregiversinAmerica.

A、arelimitedtowhitewomen

B、areusuallywithoutpayment

C、arcmoreyoungerthanbefore

D、arepaidbytheirfriends

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第一段。报告指出，年龄在18

岁到34岁之间的美国人也加入了护理人员行列，而与通常的无偿家庭护理人员为

一位49岁的白人女性相比，他们更年轻，故C项为正确选项。

32、Millennialsplayacriticalroleincaregivingbecause.

A^thisyounggroupiskindenough

B、thereisnoracialdiscrimination

C、BabyBoomersareageingandneedhelp

D、theyarccapableofbalancingworkandcaregiving

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第二段。原文提到AndasBaby

Boomersageandneedmoresupport,thisyounggroupisbecominganincreasingly

importantpartofthecaregivingworkforce,“thisgroup”指ihemillennial,题干中的

playacriticalrolein为anincreasinglyimportantpartof的同义替换,故C项正确。

33、JeanAcciusholdthatmillennialsshouldknow.

A、howtobalanceworkandcaregiving

B、howtoapplyforlong-termcareservices

C、thewaytocopewithwoundandbathing

D、thevacationdestinationthatmayinterestthem

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第四段。原文首句提到“这些干

禧一代中的许多人不只是在工作和提供这种护理，而且正试图弄清楚‘我该如何平

衡这一切?，”故A项为正确选项。

34、TheLatinomillennialsarcfacedwithmorepressurebecause.

A、Englishisnottheirfirstlanguage

B、theirfamilybackgrounds

C、theyarelackofmotivation

D、theyhavetosubsidytheirhousehold

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第五段。首句提到“报告发现，

拉美裔千禧一代往往面临着越来越大的压力，因为他们每周平均工作时间更长，与

其他背景的年轻人相比，他们在护理上花费的时间更长”，下文例证由于背景不同

导致压力更大，故B项为正确选项。

35、Themillennialmen'sparticipationincaregivingwould.

A、providegreathelpinthefuture

B、beresponsibletocareforeachother

C、changepeople'sopinionongenderedwork

D、behelpfulcoaddressshortageofcaregivers

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到文章最后一段，原文指出，美国早已

面临护理人员短缺的问题，千禧一代护理人员的性别和种族日益呈现多样化，这将

对未来所有需要帮助的人提供必要的支持。故D项为正确选项。

HenryKissingerpublishedanarticleintheJune2018AtlanticMonthlydetailinghis

beliefartificialintelligence(AI)threatens(obeaproblemforhumanity-probablyan

existentialproblem.HejoinsElonMusk,BillGates,StephenHawkingandotherswho

havecomeouttodeclarethedangersofAI.Thedifferenceis,unlikethosescientistsand

technologists,theformersecretaryofStatespeakswithgreatauthoritytoawider

audiencethatincludespolicymakersandpoliticalleaders,andsocouldhaveamuch

greaterinfluence.And(hat'snotagoodthing.There'sawidespreadlackofprecisionin

howwedescribeAIthatisgivingrisetoasignificantapprehensiononitsuseinself­

drivingcars,automatedfarms,droneairplanesandmanyotherareaswhereitcouldbe

extremelyuseful.Inparticular,Kissingercommitsthesameerrormanypeopledowhen

talkingaboutAl:theso-calledconflationerror.Inthiscasetheerrorcomesaboutwhen

thesuccessofAIprogramsindefeatinghumansingamessuchaschessandgoarc

conflatedwithsimilarsuccessesthatmightbeachievedwithAIprogramsusedinsupply

chainmanagementorclaimsadjustmentsorother,morefuturisticareas.Butthetwo

situationsareverydifferent.Therulesofgameslikechessandgoareprescriptive,

somewhatcomplicatedandneverchange.Theyare,in(hecontextofAI,"wellbounded."

Abookteachingchessorgowritten100yearsagoisstillrelevanttoday.TraininganAI

toplayoneofthesegamestakesadvantageofthis"boundedness"inavarietyof

interestingways,includinglettingtheAIdecidehowitwillplay.Now,however,imagine

therulesofchesscouldchangerandomlyatanytimeinanylocation:ChessonTuesdays

inChicagohasonesetofrulesbutinMoscowthereareadifferentsetofruleson

Thursdays.ChessplayersinMexicouseacompletelydifferentboard,oneforeachmonth

oftheyear.InSwedentheroleforeachpiececanbedecidedbyaplayerevenafterthe

gamestarts.Inasituationlikethisit'sobviouslyimpossibletowritedownasingleset

rulesthateveryonecanfollowatalltimesinalllocations.AIistodaybeingappliedto

businesssystemslikeclaimsandsupplychainsthat,bytheirverynature,areunbounded.

ItisimpossibletowritedownalltherulesanAIhastofollowwhenadjudicatingan

insuranceclaimormanagingthesupplychain,evenforsomethingassimpleas

bubblegum.TheonlywaytotrainanAltomanageoneoftheseistofeeditmassive

amountsofdataonallthemyriadprocessesandcompaniesthatmakeupaninsurance

claimorasimplesupplychain.We(henhopetheAIcandothejob-notjustefficiently,

butalsoethically.

36、Kissinger'swordsexertgreaterinfluencebecauseof.

A、hispersonalcharm

B、hisnobleposition

C、hishighprestige

D、hispoliticalpower

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第二段。原文指出，与那些科学

家和技术专家不同的是，这位前国务卿对包括政策制定者和政治领袖在内的更广泛

的听众具有极大的权威性，因此可以产生更大的影响力，prestige为authority的同

义替换词，故C项为正确选项。

37、PeopleworriedaboutAl'suseinsomeimportantfieldsbecause.

A^(hepreviousfailures

B、thecommonconflationerror

C>thecomplicatedprocesses

D、(heimprecisedescriptionofAI

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第三故。题干中的worriedabout

为apprehension的同义替换，fields为areas的同义替换。原文指出,我们描述人工

智能的方式普遍缺乏精确性，这引起了人们对于人工智能在自动驾驶汽车、自动化

农场、无人驾驶飞机以及许多其他领域的使用的严重担忧，故D项为正确选项。

38、TraininganAItoplaychessorgomakesfulluseof.

A^booksteachingchessorgo

B、permanentrulesofthesegames

C、variousmethodsofplaying

D、relevantrulesofearlyyears

标准答案；B

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第四段。原文指出，训练人工智

能去参加这些比赛中的一项比赛，并以各种有趣的方式来利用这种“有界性”，包括

让人工智能决定它将如何进行比赛，这种“有界性”指的就是比赛规则的固定性，故

B项为正确选项。

39、WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?

A、Itisanexampleofanunboundedproblem.

B、Itisdifficulttoformunifiedplayingprinciples.

C、Differentcountrieshavetheirownrulesofplaying.

D、Therearetoomanydifferentrulestodevelopaunifiedone.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到文章第五段。第五段从反面论证r第

四段的观点，即不可能写下所有人在任何时间、任何地点都可以遵循的单一规则，

指的是“无界性”，故A项为正确选项。

40、TomakeAImanagebetter,thebusinessdepartmentshould.

A、trytowritedownalltherules

B、adjustitswayofmanaging

C>providesufficientrelevantdata

D、simplifyitscomplicatedprocesses

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第六段。题干中的makeAI

managebetter对应文中trainanAItomanageoneofthese,原文指出,训练人工智能

来管理其中一项规则的唯一方法是，向它提供大量的关于无数流程和公司的数据，

而这些数据构成一项保险索赔或一条简单的供应链，故C项为正确选项。

三、阅读（补全短文）（本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。）

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoits

correspondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintheright

column.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Forcenturies,

philosophersandtheologianshavealmostunanimouslyheldthatcivilizationasweknow

itdependsonawidespreadbeliefinfreewill一andthatlosingthisbeliefcouldbe

calamitous.Ourcodesofethics,forexample,assumethatwecanfreelychoosebetween

rightandwrong.IntheChristiantradition,thisisknownas"moralliberty',——thecapacity

todiscernandpursuethegood,insteadofmerelybeingcompelledbyappetitesand

desires.ThegreatEnlightenmentphilosopherImmanuelKantreaffirmedthislink

betweenfreedomandgoodness.Ifwearenotfreetochoose,heargued,theni(would

makenosense(osayweoughttochoose(hepathofrighteousness.Thescienceshave

grownsteadilybolderintheirclaimthatallhumanbehaviorcanbeexplainedthroughthe

clockworklawsofcauseandeffect.Thisshiftinperceptionis(hecontinuationofan

intellectualrevolutionthatbeganabout150yearsago,whenCharlesDarwinfirst

publishedOntheOriginofSpecies.ShortlyafterDarwinputforthhistheoryof

evolution,hiscousinSirFrancisGaltonbegantodrawouttheimplications:Ifwe