人教版八年级下册英语期末复习知识点总结用法默写

人教版八年级下册英语期末复习知识点总结用法默写同学们，期末考试的脚步渐渐临近，这份知识点总结与用法默写希望能助你一臂之力。请务必结合课本和课堂笔记，边复习边动手默写，才能真正将知识内化为自己的能力。好记性不如烂笔头，开始吧！一、核心词汇与短语(CoreVocabularyandPhrases)这部分是语言的基石，务必掌握其拼写、词性、词义及常见搭配。1.动词(Verbs)*默写：写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词：*break-_______-_______*choose-_______-_______*speak-_______-_______*常见动词短语：*runoutof(用完)*fixup(修理)*giveaway(赠送)*setup(建立)*takeafter(与…相像)*carefor(照顾)*cleanup(打扫干净)*cheerup(使高兴)*putoff(推迟)*callup(打电话给)*handout(分发)*tryout(参加…选拔)*giveup(放弃)*hangout(闲逛)*takeplace(发生)*playapartin(参与)*turndown(调小；拒绝)*turnup(调大；出现)*takeoff(起飞；脱下)*puton(穿上)*getonwith(与…相处)*workout(解决；算出)*默写：根据中文提示写出短语：*用完_____________________*放弃______________*与…相处_____________________*建立______________2.名词(Nouns)*注意可数名词复数形式和不可数名词的用法。*默写：写出下列名词的复数形式（如不可数则写“不可数”）：*child-_______*knife-_______*advice-_______*difficulty-_______3.形容词与副词(AdjectivesandAdverbs)*形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。*副词的构成（形容词后加-ly）及不规则变化（如good-well,fast-fast,hard-hard）。*比较级和最高级：规则变化（加-er,-est;more,most）和不规则变化（如good-better-best,bad-worse-worst,many/much-more-most,little-less-least,far-farther/further-farthest/furthest）。*默写：写出下列词的副词形式：*quick-_______*happy-_______*easy-_______*good-_______*默写：写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级：*big-_______-_______*beautiful-_______-_______*bad-_______-_______4.代词(Pronouns)*人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的用法。*不定代词：some,any,no,every及其构成的合成代词（someone,anyone,something,anything等）的基本用法。*默写：用适当的代词填空：*Mybrotherisoldenoughtolookafter_______(他自己).*Thereis_______(没什么)interestingonTVtonight.*Ihavetwosisters._______(两者都)areteachers.二、重点句型与表达(KeySentencePatternsandExpressions)掌握这些句型，能帮助你更准确、流利地进行口头和书面表达。1.提建议句型*Whydon'tyou+动词原形...?/Whynot+动词原形...?*Youshould/could+动词原形...*Whatabout/Howabout+doingsth...?*Let's+动词原形...*It'sbetter(foryou)todosth...*默写：根据中文提示完成句子：*为什么不加入英语俱乐部呢？_____________________jointheEnglishclub?*你应该多花点时间练习发音。You______________moretime_______pronunciation.2.表达能力与许可*Ican/could/beableto+动词原形...(can表示现在或一般能力；could表示过去能力或委婉请求；beableto可用于各种时态)*May/Can/CouldI...?(请求许可)*默写：用can,could,may填空：*WhenIwasfive,I_______swimverywell.*_______Iborrowyourdictionary?*He_______speakthreelanguages.3.谈论过去的经历*Haveyouever+过去分词...?(现在完成时，表示经验)*Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.*Ihave/haven't+过去分词...*Iwentto...(一般过去时，具体时间)*默写：用所给动词的适当形式填空：*_______youever_______(be)toBeijing?*She_______(notfinish)herhomeworkyet.*We_______(go)totheparklastSunday.4.描述正在发生的事情或过去某个时间点正在发生的事情*现在进行时：be(am/is/are)+doing*过去进行时：be(was/were)+doing*默写：用所给动词的适当形式填空：*Listen!Someone_______(sing)inthenextroom.*I_______(do)myhomeworkat8o'clocklastnight.5.条件状语从句*默写：根据中文提示完成句子：*如果你努力学习，你就会取得好成绩。Ifyou______________,you______________goodgrades.6.宾语从句*由that,if/whether,特殊疑问词引导。注意语序（陈述语序）和时态呼应。*Ithink(that)heisright.*Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?*默写：将下列句子合并为宾语从句：*Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?Doyouknow_____________________?7.“花费”表达*Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.*Sb.spendssometime/moneyonsth./(in)doingsth.*Sth.costs(sb.)somemoney.*Sb.payssomemoneyforsth.*默写：根据中文提示完成句子：*我花了两个小时完成作业。It_______metwohours______________myhomework.*这本书花了我50元。Thebook_______me50yuan.三、语法知识梳理(GrammarReview)1.过去进行时(PastContinuousTense)*构成：主语+was/were+动词-ing形式*用法：表示过去某一特定时间正在进行的动作。常与at8o'clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday,when(引导时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时)等时间状语连用。*例句：IwaswatchingTVat9pmlastnight.Whenthephonerang,Iwastakingashower.*默写：用所给动词的适当形式填空：*They_______(play)basketballat4pmyesterdayafternoon.*Whilemymother_______(cook),I_______(do)myhomework.2.现在完成时(PresentPerfectTense)*构成：主语+have/has+动词过去分词*用法：*表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段,since+时间点/从句(一般过去时)连用。*表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,yet,ever,never,just等词连用。*默写：用for或since填空，并将括号内动词变为适当形式。*He_______(learn)English_______5years.*We_______(know)eachother_______wewerechildren.3.情态动词(ModalVerbs)*can/could:能力；请求许可(could更委婉)；可能性(否定推测can't)。*may/might:许可；可能性(might可能性比may小)。*must/haveto:must表示主观“必须”；haveto表示客观“不得不”。否定mustn't表示“禁止”。*should/oughtto:应该，建议。*默写：用适当的情态动词填空：*You_______(mustn't/don'thaveto)smokeinpublicplaces.*_______(May/Must)Iuseyourpen?*He_______(can/must)beathome,becausethelightison.4.宾语从句(ObjectClauses)*连接词：*陈述句用that(可省略)。*一般疑问句用if或whether。*特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词(what,who,where,when,why,how等)。*语序：宾语从句要用陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后)。*时态：*主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用各种时态。*主句是一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)。*从句是客观真理时，用一般现在时。*默写：将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句。*Doesshelivehere?Doyouknow?Doyouknow_____________________here?5.状语从句(AdverbialClauses)-重点掌握时间和条件状语从句*时间状语从句：when,while,as,before,after,until/till,since,assoonas等引导。*while引导的从句常用进行时。*assoonas引导的从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时。*条件状语从句：if,unless(除非，如果不)引导。*主句用一般将来时，if/unless引导的从句用一般现在时。*默写：用所给连词填空，并将括号内动词变为适当形式。*I_______(call)youassoonasI_______(arrive)there.(assoonas)*Shewasreading_______hermothercamein.(when/while)*规则变化：*单音节词和部分双音节词：-er,-est；以e结尾加-r,-st；重读闭音节双写尾字母加-er,-est；辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er,-est。*多音节词和部分双音节词：more+原级,most+原级。*不规则变化：good/well-better-best,bad/badly/ill-worse-worst,many/much-more-most,little-less-least,far-farther/further-farthest/furthest。*常用句型：*A+be+比较级+than+B*A+be+the+最高级+(名词)+in/of...*比较级+and+比较级(越来越...)*The+比较级...,the+比较级...(越...,就越...)*默写：用所给形容词的适当形式填空。*Thisstoryis_______(interesting)thanthatone.*Whichis_______(big),thesunorthemoon?*Sheis_______(tall)girlinherclass.*_______(much)youpractice,_______(good)yourEnglishwillbe.7.howmuch/howmany*howmuch修饰不可数名词，也可用于询问价格。*howmany修饰可数名词复数。*默写：用howmuch或howmany填空。*______________waterdoyouneed?*______________booksarethereonthedesk?8.afew/few/alittle/little*afew/few修饰可数名词复数；alittle/little修饰不可数名词。*afew/alittle表示肯定意义“有一些，有一点”；few/little表示否定意义“几乎没有”。*默写：用afew,few,alittle,little填空。*Thereis_______milkinthefridge.Let'sbuysome.*Hehas_______friends,soheoftenfeelslonely.*Couldyougiveme_______minutes?Ineedtotalktoyou.四、话题写作常用表达(UsefulExpressionsforTopicWriting)期末书面表达常围绕以下话题，积累相关表达很重要。1.学校生活(SchoolLife)*参加活动：takepartin/joininactivities,after-schoolclubs*学习科目：favoritesubject,begoodat,dowellin,havedifficultyin(doingsth.)