考研英语模拟试卷244

考研英语模拟试卷244

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanthatis

possibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Most(1)historycoursesconcentrateon

politics,economics,andwar.(2),arthistory(3)onmuchmorethanthis

becauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligious(4),

emotions,andpsychology.(5),informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourown

canbeprovidedbyart.Inshort,artexpressesthe(6)qualitiesofatimeandaplace,

andastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmost

historybooks.Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountry

is(7);thatis,factsaboutpoliticalarcgiven,but(8)arcnotexpressed.Art,

ontheotherhand,is(9):itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.ThegreatSpanish

painterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforits(10)of

poweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslater,symbolic(11)wereusedinPablo

Picasso'sGuernicatoexpressthe(12)ofWar.(13),onanothercontinent,the

powerfulpaintingsofDiegoRiveradepictedtheseMexicanartists'concealed(14)

andsadnessaboutsocialproblems.Inthesameway,artcan(15)aculture's

religiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwas(16)theonly

typeofartthatexisted.Churchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintings

thatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.(17)mostpeoplecouldn'tread,

theycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.(18),one

ofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)its(19)of

humanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesare(20).

1、Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanthatis

possibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Most(1)historycoursesconcentrateon

politics,economics,andwar.(2),arthistory(3)onmuchmorethanthis

becauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligious(4),

emotions,andpsychology.(5),informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourown

canbeprovidedbyart.Inshort,artexpressesthe(6)qualitiesofatimeandaplace,

andastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmost

historybooks.Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountry

is(7);thatis,factsaboutpoliticalarcgiven,but(8)arcnotexpressed.Art,

ontheotherhand,is(9):itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.ThegreatSpanish

painterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforits(10)of

poweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslater,symbolic(11)wereusedinPablo

Picasso'sGuernicatoexpressthe(12)ofWar.(13),onanothercontinent,the

powerfulpaintingsofDiegoRiveradepictedtheseMexicanartists,concealed(14)

andsadnessaboutsocialproblems.Inthesameway,artcan(15)aculture's

religiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,relioiousartwas(16)theonly

typeofartthatexisted.Churchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintings

thatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.(17)mostpeoplecouldn'tread,

theycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.(18),one

ofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)its(19)of

humanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesare(20).

A、interesting

B>plausible

C、superior

D、typical

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、

A、Indeed

B、Hence

C、However

D、Therefore

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、

A^comments

focuses

C、depends

D^centers

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、

A、belief

faith

C、trust

D、credibility

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、

A、Inaddition

Insummary

CNInanycase

D、Ineffect

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、

A^equivalent

temporary

C、essential

D、effective

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、

A、subscribed

presented

C^delivered

D、manifested

标准答案：B

知识点解析•：暂无解析

8、

A、perspectives

B、counsels

C、arguments

D、opinions

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、

A、implied

B、displayed

C^biased

D、created

标准答案.C

知识点露斤：暂无解析

10、

A、misuse

B、control

C^advantage

D、triumph

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、

A、images

B>signs

C^stimuli

D^messages

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、

A、awe

shock

C、horror

D、grief

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A、Nevertheless

B、Consequently

C、Simultaneously

D、Meanwhile

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A、guard

B、anger

C>content

D、assault.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A、contain

mirror

C、involve

D、include

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A^alone

B、barely

C、almost

D、scarcely

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A、Although

Since

C、Suppose

D^Provided

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、With

B、For

C、By

D、On

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、relevance

B、presence

C、existence

D、absence

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、

A、ineligible

B、unholy

C、mistaken

D、disloyal

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分,共20分。）

AftertheterroristattacksinAmericalastSeptember,terroristriskbecamethepariahof

perils.Theairlineindustrywasmostdirectlyaffectedbytheattacks,anditwasthefirst

tofindthatnoonewantedtoinsureterroristrisk.Insurancecompaniesimmediately

increasedpremiumsandcutcoverforairlines'third-partyterrorandwarliabilitiesto

$50mperairline,per"event".Underpressurefromairlines,theAmericangovernment

andthemembersoftheEuropeanUnionagreedtobecomeinsurersoflastresortfor

airlines*warandteiToristliabilities,foralimitedperiod.Thesegovernmentguarantees

areduetoexpireattheendofthemonth.TheAmericangovernmenthasalreadyagreed

toextenditsguaranteeforanother60days.TheEU'stransportministersaremeetingnext

weekinBrusselstodecidewhattodo.Insurersandreinsurersarekeenforthe

commercialmarkettoresumetheprovisionofallairlineinsuranceassoonaspossible.

Nowonder:Thepremiumsforsuchcoverhaveinevitablyincreasedconsiderably.

However,inthecaseofterrorism,andespeciallyofterrorismintheskies,anumberof

specialfactorsarise.Somearepurelypractical:adisasterassuddenandunioreseenasthe

attacksontheWorldTradeCenterhashaddestructiveeffectsontheinsuranceindustry.

Themaximumcoverforthird-partyterroristriskavailableintheprimaryaviationmarket

isnow$50m,andthatisnotnearlyenoughcoverrisksthatareperceivedtobemuch

highersinceSeptember11th.Evenifthemarketcouldoffersufficientcover,another

catastropheonsuchascalewouldbemorethanthemarketcouldcopewith.Inaddition,a

rareanddevastatingriskofapoliticalnatureisarguablyonethatitisrightfor

governmentstocover,atleastinpart.InthewakeofattacksbyIrishterroriststheBritish

governmenthasrecognizedthispointbyagreeingtobackamutualfundtocoverrisksto

propertyfromterroristattack.Inthecaseoftheairlines,theappropriateanswerissome

formofmutualschemewithgovernmentbacking.Infact,underthecode-name

“Equitime”,representativesofairlines,insurersandtheAmericangovernmentaresetting

upaninsurancevehicletobefinancedbyairlinesandreinsuredbythegovernment.

Governmentswouldguaranteethefund'sexcessrisk,buttheirrolewoulddiminishasthe

fundgrew.Settingsomethingupwilltaketime.So,tobridgethegap,governmentswill

havetoremaininsureroflastresortforairlines'warandterroristriskforsometimeto

come.

21By"terroristriskbecamethepariahofperils"(Paragraph1),theauthormeans

A、insurancecompaniesincreasedpremiums.

airlinesseektoavoidlegalliabilities.

C>terroristattacksleftinsurerspanicked.

D、terroristriskisunlikelytobeinsured.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、Accordingtothetext,nowitisbeyondtheabilityofcommercialinsurancemarket

A^towinthesupportfromgovernments.

B、tocancelprovisionforairlineinsurance.

C、tocopewithoverwhelmingdisasters.

D^toruleoutthird-partyterroristrisks.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、Theword"vehicle"(Para.5)denotes

A、vulnerability.

B、capability.

C.liability.

D、availability.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、Thewriterarguesthatintheforeseeablefuturetheinsureroflastresortfbrairline's

terroristriskwillbe

A^insurancecompanies.

B、governments'guarantees.

C、airlinesthemselves.

D^mutualfundschemes.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

25>Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatairlines*warandterroristrisk

A、shouldbeattendedtocautiously.

R、shouldheleftwiththegovernmentalone.

C^shouldbeacceptedreluctantly.

D、shouldbeleftuptoinsurancecompanies.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

ShortlyafterSeptember11th,PresidentBush'sfatherobservedthatjustasPearlHarbor

awakenedthiscountryfromthenotionthatwccouldsomehowavoidthecallofdutyto

defendfreedominEuropeandAsiainWorldWarTwo,so,too,shouldthismostrecent

surpriseattackerasetheconceptinsomequartersthatAmericacansomehowgoitalone

inthefightagainstterrorismorinanythingelseforthatmatter.ButAmerica'sallieshave

beguntowonderwhetherthatisthelessonthathasbeenlearned—orwhetherthe

Afghanistancampaign'sapparentsuccessshowsthatunilateralismworksjustfine.The

UnitedStates,thatargumentgoes,issodominantthatitcanlargelyaffordtogoitalone.

ItistruethatnonationsinceRomehasloomedsolargeabovetheothers,butevenRome

eventuallycollapsed.Onlyadecadeago,theconventionalwisdomlamentedanAmerica

indecline.BestsellerlistsfeaturedbooksthatdescribedAmerica'sfall.Japanwouldsoon

become"NumberOne".Thatviewwaswrongatthetime,andwhenIwrote"Boundto

Lead"in1989,1,likeothers,predictedthecontinuingriseofAmericanpower.Butthe

newconventionalwisdomthatAmericaisinvincibleisequallydangerousifitleadstoa

foreignpolicythatcombinesunilateralism,arroganceandparochialism.Anumberof

advocatesof"realist"international-relationstheoryhavealsoexpressedconcernabout

America'sstaying-power.Throughouthistory,coalitionsofcountrieshavearisento

balancedominantpowers,andthesearchfortraditionalshiftsinthebalanceofpowerand

newslatechallengersiswellunderway.SomeseeChinaasthenewenemy;others

envisageaRussia-China-Indiacoalitionasthethreat.ButevenifChinamaintainshigh

growthratesof6%whiletheUnitedStatesachievesonly2%,itwillnotequaltheUnited

Statesinincomeperheaduntilthelasthalfofthecentury.Stillothersseeauniting

EuropeasapotentialfederationthatwillchallengetheUnitedStatesforprimacy.But

thisforecastdependsonahighdegreeofEuropeanpoliticalunity,andalowstateof

transatlanticrelations.Althoughrealistsraiseanimportantpointaboutthelevelingof

powerintheinternationalarena,theirquestfornewcoid-war-stylechallengersislargely

barkingupthewrongtree.Theyareignoringdeeperchangesinthedistributionand

natureofpowerinthecontemporaryworld.TheparadoxofAmericanpowerinthe21st

centuryisthatthelargestpowersinceRomecannotachieveitsobjectivesunilaterallyina

globalinformationage.

26、WelearnfromthebeginningofthetextthatwhatstrikesBush'sfatheristhat

A^Americanalliesbegantoappreciateunilateralism.

B、Americanscometogetoversomemisconceptions.

C^theU.S.becamethelargestpowersinceRome.

D、Americanscanachieveitsobjectivesunilaterally.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

27、Whatisrealists'attitudetowardsthecontinuingriseofAmericanpower?

A、Apprehensive.

B、Boastful.

C>Optimistic.

D、Grieved.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、Accordingtothetext,cooperativebodiesofcountrieshaveemerged

A^todefeatnewstatechallengers.

B、todefendinternationalrelations.

CNtomaintainhighgrov/thrates.

D、toequalizedominantpowers.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、Theauthorcriticizesthosewhoare"barkingupthswrongtree"fortheir

A、dominance.

B、insecurity.

C>ignorance.

D、sensitivity.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、TheauthorassertsthatindealingwithworldaffairstheU.Sshouldlearnto

A、combineunilateralismwithnationalism.

B、dependupontheconventionalwisdom.

C^drawalessonfromthecollapseofRome.

D、reviseitsunilateralforeignpolicywisely.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

YasuhisaShizoki,a51-year-oldMPfromJapan'srulingLiberalDemocraticParty(LDP),

startstappinghisfingeronthedismaleconomicchartonhiscoffeetabic."Unlesswc

changethedecision-makingprocess",hesaysbluntly,"wearenotgoingtobeableto

solvethiskindofproblem".Withtheeconomyinsuchamess,itmayseemabitofa

diversiontobetryingtosortoutJapan'spoliticalstructuresaswellasitseconomic

problems.ButMr.Shiozakicanhardlybeaccusedoftime-wasting.Hehasconsistently

proddedthegovernmenttotakeafirmhandtoailingbanks,andhasgivenwarning

againstcomplacencyafterarecentriseinshareprices.Farfrombeingadistraction,his

latestcausehighlightshowfarJapanisfromgenuineeconomicreform.Sincecowritinga

reportonpoliticalreform,whichwasreleasedbyanLDPpanellastweek,Mr.Shiozaki

hasfurtherupsetthepartyrsoldguard.Itslegionaries,flankedbycolumnsofthe

bureaucracy,continuetohampermostattemptstooverhaultheeconomy.Junichiro

Koizumiwassupposedtochangeallthat,bygoingovertheirheadsandappealing

directlytothepublic.Yetnearlyayearafterbecomingprimeminister,Mr.Koizumihas

preciouslittletoshowforhisefforts.Hispopularityisnowflaggingandhis

determinationisincreasinglyindoubt.Ashopesofimmediateeconomicreformfade,

optimistsarcfocusingonanotherpotentialbenefitofMr.Koizumi'stenure.Theyhope

thathishighlypersonalizedstyleofleadershipwillpavethewayforapermanentchange

inJapanesepolitics:towardsmoreunitedandauthoritativecabinetsthatarehelddirectly

accountablefortheirpolicies.Asthathappens,thethinkinggoes,realeconomicreforms

willbeabletofollow.Aleadingcandidateforchangeisthe40year-oldsystem一

informalbutreligiouslyfollowed—throughwhichtheLDPmachineryvetseverybill

beforeitevergetstoparliament.MostlegislationstartsintheLDP'spartycommittees,

whichmirrortheparliamentarycommitteestructure.Proposalsthengothroughtwo

higherLDPbodies,whichhammeroutpoliticaldealstosmooththeirpassage.Onlythen

doestheprimeminister'scabinetgetfullyinvolvedinapprovingthepolicy.Mostissues

havebeendecidedbytheLDPmandarinslongbeforetheyreachthispoint,letalonethe

floorofparliament,leavingeventheprimeministerlimitedinfluence,andallowing

preciouslittleroomforpublicdebateandevenlessforaccountability.Asaresult,

progresswillprobablyremainslow.Sincetheyknowthatpoliticalreformleadsto

economicreform,andhenceposesathreattotheirinterests,mostoftheLDPwillresist

anyrealchanges.ButatleastahandfulofinsidershavenowboughtintooneofMr.

Koizumi'sbestslogans:"ChangetheLDP,changeJapan".

31、Whaiisimpliedinihefirstsentence?

A>TheeconomicsituationinJapanisdepressing.

B、Shizokiisengagedinsometime-wastingactivity.

C^Theeconomicchartmirrorsgenuinerevivals.

D、Shizokiisaddictedtohisenjoyablediversions.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、WelearnfromthetextthataneconomicreforminJapan

A、isanewboomonthehorizon.

B、shouldfollowapoliticalreform.

C、isinthechargeofcommittees.

D、shouldprecedeapoliticalunrest.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、AsregardsthepoliticalreformsinJapan,theauthorfocusesonits

A、realeconomicstructures.

B、formalreligiousrituals.

C、decision-makingprocess.

D^legislationaccountability.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、ThebasicprobleminJapanesepoliticsaspointedbythewriterliesin

A、thelackofdirectaccountability.

B>theexistenceofpoliticaldeals.

C、theabsenceoftop-levelinfluence.

D、theresistancetorealchanges.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、WhichofthefollowingcanbestapplytothecurrentpoliticalsystemsinJapan?

A、intohierarchies.

B、forthebetter.

C、onrigidroutines.

D、behindthetimes.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

"Worsethanuseless",fumedDarrellIssa,aRepublicancongressmanfromCalifornia,on

March19th,whentheHouseJudiciaryCommitteeheldahearingontheImmigrationand

NaturalizationService."Terrible,andgettingworse",addedZoeLofgren,aDemocratic

colleaguewhohaskeptawatchfuleyeontheINSfortenyears.Committeemembers

lineduptotakeswingsatJamesZiglar,theheadoftheINS.Heexplained,somewhat

pathetically,that"outdatedprocedures"hadkeptthevisa-processingwheelsgrinding

slowlythroughabacklogofapplications.Healsohadsomenewrulesinmindtotighten

upvisas.Speedingupthepaperworkandgettingmoreofitontocomputers——isvital,but

theSeptemberattackshaveexposedthetension,betweentheagency'stwojobs:onthe

onehandenforcingthesecurityofAmerica'sborders,andontheothergrantingprivileges

suchasworkpermitstoforeigners.Butotherpeoplewantmoreradicalchanges.James

Sensenbrenner,aRepublicancongressmanfromWisconsin,wantstosplittheINSinto

twoseparatebodies,onedealingwithbordersecurityandtheotherwithhandlingbenefits

toimmigrants.Theotherapproach,favoredintheWhiteHouse,istotreatthetwo

functionsascomplementary,andtogivetheINSevenmoreresponsibilityforsecurity.

Underthatplan,theINSwouldmergewiththeCustomsService,whichmonitorsthe

20mshipmentsofgoodsbroughtintoAmericaeveryyear,aswellasthebagscarriedin

bysome500mvisitors.Thetwoagencieswouldformonelargebodywithinthe

DepartmentofJustice,thecurrenthomeoftheINS.Thiswouldcutoutsomeofthe

duplicatedeffortatborders,wherecustomsofficersandagentsfromtheINS'sBorder

Patroloftenrubshouldersbutdonotworktogether.Mr.Bush—whohassaidthatthe

newsofthevisaapprovalslefthim"plentyhot"一wasexpectedtogivehisapproval.The

senate,however,maynotbequitesokeen.TheJusticeDepartmentcouldhavetrouble

handlingsuchamerger,letalonetakingontheconsiderableeconomicresponsibilitiesof

theCustomsService,whichiscurrentlypartoftheTreasury.Thesenateprefersyet

anothersetofsecurityrecommendations,includinglinksbetweenthedatabasesof

differentagenciesthatholdsecurityandimmigrationinformation,andscannersatports

ofentrytocheckbiometricdatarecordedonimmigrationdocuments.Theseideasare

embodiedinabillsponsoredbymembersofbothparties,butarecurrentlyheldupby

RobertByrd,thechairmanoftheSenateAppropriationsCommittee,whoworriesthat

therehasnotbeenenoughdebateonthesubject.Mr.Z:glar,poorchap,mayfeelthere

hasbeenmorethanenough.

36、WelearnfromthetextthattheworkoftheINS

A、hascapturedcloseattention.

B、isbeingperformedatfullswing.

C^earnedthecontemptofofficers.

D、isrunningintoastateofconfusion.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

37Besidesdealingwithbordersecurity,theINSalso

A、keepsawatchfuleyeonitself.

B、grantsprivilegestoimmigrants.

C、superviseshipmentsofgoods.

D、takesadvantageofcomputers.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、SuggestionshavebeenraisedontheissueoftheINSexcept

A、couplingwiththeCustomsService,

separationintotwobodies.

C、sympathyexpressedforitshead.

D、sharinginformationavailable.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheINS

A、willbeinvolvedinmorecooperation.

B、canrecruitmoreworkersatwill.

C、willberelievedofitsresponsibilities.

D、maybethetargetofharshcriticisms.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe

A^ImmigrantBenefitsahotdispute.

B、TerribleINSaDisposableOrganization.

C、ARedundantAgency-tobeSplit.

D、IncompetentINS—ontheRoadtoReforms.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelist(A^B、C、D、E、F、G.......)tofitintoeachofthe

numberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10

points)TheU.S.spaceagency,NASA,isplanningtolaunchasatellitethatscientists

hopewillanswerfundamentalquestionsabouttheoriginanddestinyofouruniverse.

(41).Theprevailingtheoryoftheuniverse'sorigin,the"BigBang"theory,says

allmatterandenergywereoncecompressedintoatinypoint.Thedensityandresulting

temperatureweresoenormousthat,about13-to-15-billionyearsagobycurrent

estimates,amightyexplosionflungthematterhurtlingoutwardinalldirections.

(42).Theyalsoask,istheexpansionaccelerating?Willtheuniversecollapse?

Whatisitsshape?ScientistswillseekexplanationswithNASA'snewMicrowave

AnisotropyProbe,abbreviatedasMAP.(43)."MAPwilltaketheultimatebaby

picture,animageoftheinfantuniversetakeninthefossillightthatisstillpresentfrom

theBigBang1*,hesays."Thisglow,thisradiation,istheoldestlightintheuniverse.

Imprintedonthisbackground,physicistsknew,wouldbethesecretsoftheBigBang

itself1.Thisbackgroundradiationisthelightandheatthattheearlycosmicsoupof

matteremitted.Onceroilinghot,ithascooledovertheeonstojustafewdegreesabove

absolutezero.Itwasoncethoughttobedistributedevenly.Butin1992,ahighly

sensitiveNASAsatellitenamedCOBEdetectednearlyimperceptiblevariationsin

temperatureastinyas30-millionthsofadegree.(44)."Thesepatternsresultfrom

tinyconcentrationsthatwereintheveryearlyuniversethatweretheseedsthatgrewto

becomethestarsandthegalaxiesthatwcseetoday",hesays."Thetinypatternsinthe

lightholdthekeysfbrunderstandingthehistory,thecontent,theshape,andtheultimate

fateofouruniverse".(45).PrincetonUniversityscientistDavidSpergelsays

MAPwillgiveusamuchmoreaccuratemattercountthanwehavenow."Rightnow,we

wanttomeasuresomethinglikethematter-densityoftheuniverse',,hesays."Today,we

canestimatethattoafactoroftwo.That'sprettygood.Whatwewanttodoisbeableto

measureittoaboutthethree-percentlevel,whichiswhatMAPwillbecapableofdoing".

Todoitsjob,the$145millionMAPspacecraftwillsettleintoanorbit1.5million

kilometersfromtheEarth.ThisiswheretheEarth'sandSun'sgravitationalpullarcequal,

andwellpasttherangeoftheEarth'sownobscuringmicrowaveradiation.Whilethe

olderCOBEsatellitemeasuredjustasmallpartofthesky,ChalrlesBennettsaysMAP

willscantheentireskyat1,000timesbetterresolution."ThepatternsthatMAPmeasures

areextremelydifficulttomeasure",hesays,"MAPwillbemeasuringmillionthsofa

degreetemperatureaccuracies,andthat'shardtodo.That'slikemeasuringthedifference

betweentwocupsofsandtotheaccuracyofasinglegrainofsand".A.Theprincipal

NASAscientistfortheNewMAPspacecraft,CharlesBennett,saystheheatpatterns

representslightdifferencesinthedensityoftheyounguniverse,wheredenserregions

evolvedintothepresentwebofstructures.B.NASAsaysthefirstresultsfromtheMAP

missionwillbereadyinabout18monthsafterlaunch.C.Thespacecraftwillorbitthe

Earthseekinganswersfromanextremelyfaintglowofmicrowavesthathaveexisted

sincethebeginningoftime.D.Scientistsaretryingtolearnhowitclumpedtogetherto

producestars,clustersofstarscalledgalaxies,andclustersofgalaxies.E.Astronomers

arereportingevidencethatpointstoamassivestar-eatingblackholeatthecenterofour

MilkyWaygalaxy.F.Oneofthosekeysistheamountofmatteranditsdensity.More

matterwithahigherdensityme,finsmolegravitationalpull,suggestingaslowingofthe

universe'sexpansion,andperhapsevenitscollapse.G.TheheadofNASA'sEvolutionof

theUniverseprogram,AlanBunner,saysMAPwillmeasurewhatisthoughthremnant

oftheBigBang-anafterglowofmicrowavesbathingtheuniversethatwasemittedby

theancientcosmicmatter.

41sInthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A^B、C^D、E^F、G.......)tofitinto

eachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyof

thegaps.(10points)TheU.S.spaceagency,NASA,isplanningtolaunchasatellitethat

scientistshopewillanswerfundamentalquestionsabouttheoriginanddestinyofour

universe.(41).Theprevailingtheoryoftheuniverse'sorigin,the"BigBang',

theory,saysallmatterandenergywereoncecompressedintoatinypoint.Thedensity

andresultingtemperatureweresoenormousthat,about13-to-15-billionyearsagoby

currentestimates,amightyexplosionflungthematterhurtlingoutwardinalldirections.

(42).Theyalsoask,istheexpansionaccelerating?Willtheuniversecollapse?

Whatisitsshape?ScientistswillseekexplanationswithNASA'snewMicrowave

AnisotropyProbe,abbreviatedasMAP.(43)."MAPwilltaketheultimatebaby

picture,animageoftheinfantuniversetakeninthefossillightthatisstillpresentfrom

theBigBang",hesays."Thisglow,thisradiation,istheoldestlightintheuniverse.

Imprintedonthisbackground,physicistsknew,wouldbethesecretsoftheBigBang

itself1.Thisbackgroundradiationisthelightandheatthattheearlycosmicsoupof

matteremitted.Onceroilinghot,ithascooledovertheeonstojustafewdegreesabove

absolutezero.Itwasoncethoughttobedistributedevenly.Butin1992,ahighly

sensitiveNASAsatellitenamedCOBEdetectednearlyimperceptiblevariationsin

temperalureaslinyas30-millionlhsofadegree.(44)."Thesepatternsresultfrom

tinyconcentrationsthatwereintheveryearlyuniversethatweretheseedsthatgrewto

becomethestarsandthegalaxiesthatweseetoday',,hesays."Thetinypatternsinthe

lightholdthekeysforunderstandingthehistory,thecontent,theshape,andtheultimate

fateofouruniverse".(45).PrincetonUniversityscientistDavidSpergelsays

MAPwillgiveusamuchmoreaccuratemattercountthanwehavenow."Rightnow,we

wanttomeasuresomethinglikethematter-densityoftheuniverse",hesays."Today,we

canestimatethattoafactoroftwo.Thafsprettygood.Whatwewanttodoisbeableto

measureittoaboutthethree-percentlevel