2026新高二英语暑假衔接讲义（人教版）第4讲 省略句（学生版）

【暑假辅导班】

新高二英语暑假精品课程（人教版）

第4讲省略句

一、“省略”的定义

在用英语表达时,将句子中的某些成分省去,这种语言现象叫做省略。

*Amytookoutabookand(Amy)handedittome.

艾米拿出一本书给了我。

该句中and后的主语Amy与句首的主语是重复的,故将后面的主语省略。

二、“省略”的原因

1.避免重复

当句子有重复的词或结构复杂时,可省略某些重复的词或不必要的部分。如:

*(Does)Anyonewantadrink?有人想要喝一杯吗?

*I’mstudyingathighschoolandmysister(isstudying)inprimaryschool.我在上高中,我妹妹在上小学。

2.简洁实用

*(I’m)Coming.(我)来啦。

*(It)Doesn’tmatter.(它)不要紧。

3.句法允许

*Hegotupatsix(o’clock).他六点(钟)起床。

*Thisdictionarycostsseven(dollars)thirty(cents).

这本词典的费用是7美元30美分。

*Whatahotday(itis)!多热的天呀!

三、“省略”的用法

Ⅰ.简单句中的省略

省略部分用法说明

主语在祈使句中和不易引起歧义时省略

在口语对话中双方都知道宾语是谁时,省略该宾语;并列谓语后有多个相同宾语时,

宾语

只保留最后一个宾语

表语后文有与前文完全相同的表语时省略

(部分)谓语后文有与前文完全相同的谓语时省略;不影响句意的部分谓语也可以省略

主谓结构或

不影响句意的主谓结构或者对话中与前文重复的谓语及其他部分可以省略

谓语及其他

动词不定式某些特定动词后有带to的动词不定式时省略其中的动词或整个动词不定式

其他部分冠词、介词、连词或名词所有格后的名词等不影响句意的部分可省略

1.省略主语

*(You)Openthedoor,please.请开一下门。

*(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.谢谢你的帮助

2.省略宾语

*—DoyouknowMrLi?你认识李先生吗?

—Idon’tknow(him).我不认识他。

*Shewashed(theshirt),ironed(theshirt),andfoldedtheshirt.

她洗了衬衫,并且把它熨好、折叠好。

3.省略表语

*—Areyouthirsty?你渴吗?

—Yes,Iam(thirsty).是的,我渴了。

4.省略(部分)谓语

*(Is)Anythingwrong?有什么问题吗?

5.省略主谓结构或谓语及其他

*—Whatdidhesay?他说了什么?

—(Hesaid)Nothing.(他)没(说)什么。

*(Areyou)Swimminginthesea?

(你)在海里游泳吗?

*—Iwon’tjointhem.我不和他们一起。

—Why(willyounotjointhem)?

为什么(你不和他们一起)?

6.动词不定式

*—Areyougoingthere?你打算去那里吗?

—Yes,I’dliketo(gothere).是的,我想(去那里)。

*Isawherentertheclassroom.我看见她进了教室。

注：在感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词常省略to,但是在被动语态中,to要带上。

7.其他部分

*Thenounisthenameofapersonor(a)thing.

名词是人和物的名称。

*I’llarrive(on)Friday.我将星期五到。

*ThebookisTom’s(book).这本书是汤姆的(书)。

Ⅱ.复合句中的省略

句式用法说明

并列句后一分句中与前一分句中的相同部分,若不影响句意,则可以省略

名词性从句宾语从句中的that无特殊情况时,一般可以省略that

定语从句关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语且前面无介词时,可以省略关系代词

(1)状语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且从句后有系动词be的某种形式时,从句的主语和

状语从句系动词可以同时省略

(2)从句与主句中相同部分也可以省略

谚语警句在某些谚语中,可省略主句和从句的不影响句意的部分

*SomeofusstudyJapaneseandothers(study)English.

我们有些人学习日语;其他人学习英语。

*Iknow(that)sheisateacherandthatsheisanexcellentwriter.

我知道她是一个老师,也是一个优秀的作家。

*Theman(whom)yousawyesterdayfellill.

你昨天见到的那个人生病了。

*While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.

当我正沿街而行时,我听到有人叫我的名字。

*Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).

越早越好。

复习演练

I.用省略句式完成句子

1.Theydidn’tlikeit,yet.

他们并不喜欢它,可是什么也没说。

2.Wearedelighted.

你能来我们很高兴。

3.somemorepie?

有谁想再吃点馅饼吗?

4.Ihopetofinishmyjoband.

我希望做完工作回家。

5.Thereisnothingtodobut.

除了服从命令之外,别无他法。

6.itwillrain.看起来像要下雨。

7.Theriverwasdeepand.

河很深,冰很薄。

8.Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’t.我请他去看电影,但他不想去。

9.,youshouldspeakEnglishasmuchasyoucan.在任何可能的时间,你都应多讲英语。

10.Jamesenjoysthetheatremorethan.

詹姆斯比苏珊更喜欢戏剧。

IⅠ.阅读理解

VanGoghpaintedsunflowersforthefirsttimeinthesummerof1886.Twoyearslater,hisinterestappeared

againafterhesettledinArles.AfterhehadinvitedtheFrenchartistPaulGauguin,whomheadmired,tojoin

hisStudiooftheSouth,hebeganpaintingsunflowerstobrightenupthewhitewashedwallsoftheyellowhouse

hewaslivingin,notfarfromthetown’srailwaystation.

GauguinacceptedVanGogh’sinvitation.Whenhebegandragginghisheels(脚后跟),VanGoghpainted

thelasttwoofthefouroriginalSunflowersforthemodestbedroomwherehisguestwouldsleepfollowinghis

arrivalthatautumn,“VanGoghsawtheSunflowersforGauguin’sbedroomasawayofattractinghisfriendto

comefromBrittany,”saysBailey.

AccordingtoMartinGayford,“GauguinwasverysurprisedbytheSunflowers,whichherepeatedly

praisedandaskedforasagift.Yearslater,Gauguinhimselfpaintedsomesunflowerpictures.”

VanGogh’sSunflowerspaintingsstandfor(代表)hisrelationshipwithGauguin.“Ithinkhepaintedthemfor

thejoyofit,”saysJansen.“VanGoghwasattheheightofhispowersinthesummerof1888,”explainsBailey.

“HepaintedtheSunflowersquicklyandwithgreatenergyandconfidence.”VanGoghwrotetohisbrotherTheoin

lateAugust,“I’mpaintingquicklynow,whichwon’tsurpriseyouwhenit’saquestionofpaintinglarge

Sunflowers.”

VanGoghrecognizedatoncethathehadcreatedsomethingimportantandthathissunflowerswereso

different.AshetoldTheoinJanuary1889,whileotherartistswereknownforpaintingotherflowers,“The

sunflowerismine.”This,infact,explainsthereasonforthepopularityofVanGogh’sSunflowerstoday.

1.VanGoghpaintedsunflowersin1888inorderto.

A.givethemtoGauguin

B.makehisliving

C.decoratehishouse

D.showhisartistictalenttoothers

2.WherewerethelasttwoSunflowersplacedbyVanGogh?

A.IntheBritishmuseum.

B.InGauguin’sbedroom.

C.Inthetown’srailwaystation.

D.Inarichbusinessman’shouse.

3.HowdidGauguinfeelaboutVanGogh’spainting—theSunflowers?

A.Verybad.B.Justso-so.

C.Ratherworried.D.Quitesurprised.

4.Fromthelasttwoparagraphswecanlearnthat.

A.VanGoghwasnotgoodatpaintinglargeSunflowers

B.VanGoghhadmuchtroubleinpaintingtheSunflowers

C.VanGoghdidn’tlikehisSunflowersatallatthattime

D.VanGoghrealizedtheSunflowerswouldmakehimknown

IⅡ.语法填空

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

It’salmostacommonbeliefthatthebestfoodyoucanfindinaplaceisnotinthefancyrestaurants,1.

inthebackstreets.Thesespotsareusuallyawayfrompopulartourist2.(attract),whichmeansthat

tofindthemyou’llneedthespiritofanexplorer.

That’s3.IcameacrossroujiamowhenIwasexploringBeijing.Ifound4.

restaurantthatsolddishesfromXi’anwhenIexploredtheareaaroundmyofficeoneday.Idecidedtotryitout.

Myroujiamo5.(make)fresh,sothebreadwasstillwarm.ItwassoftwhenI6.

(bite)intoit,andthemeatinsidewasdeliciousandtender.Infact,IenjoyeditsomuchthatIorderedmoreto

takehomewithme.Thoughit’sjustasnack,it’sstillquitefillingandcan7.(easy)satisfyyour

appetite.

Thereareavarietyofthingsyoucanputinsidethe“mo”,asthebreadiscalled.Forexample,incertainareas

inXi’an,themeat8.(use)isusuallybeef,butinGansuProvince,lambismorecommon.Andthe

firstroujiamothatItriedwasmade9.pork.Howeverit’smade,it’sstillatastysnack.Andfor

anAmericanlikemewhogrewup10.(eat)hamburgers,it’saperfectcombinationofEastand

West.

IV.完形填空

IrememberwhenIwasyoung,peopleoftenaskedme,“Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?”

It1beingacowboyorsomesuperhero.Lateritwasafireman,apoliceman,alawyer.AsI

grewolder,mydreamsforthefuture2.WhenIwasincollege,Isetmyheartonbecoming3like

myfather.4Istudiedandpreparedforthat.Ireachedthe5intheendandIwasteaching

6full-timeformuchofmyadultlife.

However,thereisa“thief”thatgoesaroundstealingour7.Sometimes,thethiefwillcomeasa

parent,orafriend,butthe8thiefisusually

9.

Wefindourselvesjustaboutreachingthetop,anda“small”10insidesays,“You’llnevermake

11.”“You12possiblydothis.”Onandonthe“small”voicepredictsourfailure.Failure,13is

oneofthemostimportanttoolswehavemayteachusvaluable14.Whenwelearntheselessonswell,we

areready15success.

Ialwaystellmychildrenthatyouare16todoanythingthatyourheartdesires.Rememberthesaying,

“Nothingis17forawillingheart.”Thereare18“overnight”successes,butwithdetermination,

theywillcome.Imagine19alifeyoudreamof.Theninyourheart,believeitwillhappentoyou.

Thenwork,work,work.You’llgetthepicture.

So,betruetoyourdream,anddon’tletanyone20itfromyou—especiallyyourself.

1.A.insistedonB.kepton

C.