吉林省四平市高考英语阅读理解巩固全程训练15

PAGE1-吉林省四平市2014高考英语阅读理解巩固全程训练(15)及答案阅读理解请阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中,选出最佳选项。AOnemorningmorethanthirtyyearsago,IenteredtheTrackKitchen,arestaurantwhereeveryonefromthehumblest(卑微的)tothemostpowerfulcameforbreakfast.Inoticedanemptychairnexttoanelderly,unshavenman,wholookedsomewhatdisheveled.Hewaswearingaworn-outhatandwasalone.IaskedifImightjoinhim.HeagreedquietlyandIsatdowntohavemybreakfast.Wecautiouslybeganaconversationandspokeaboutawiderangofthings.Weneverintroducedourselves.Iwasconcernedthathemighthavenomoneyandnotbeabletoaffordsomethingtoeat.SoasIrosetogobacktothecounterandbuyasecondcupofcoffee,Iasked,"MyIgetyousomething?""Acoffeewouldbenice."ThenIboughthimacupofcoffee.Wetalkedmore,andheacceptedanothercupofcoffee,Finally,Irosetoleave,wishedhimwell,andheadedfortheexit.AtthedoorImetoneofmyfriends.Heasked,"HowdidyougettoknowMr.Galbreath?""Who?""Themanyouweresittingwith.HeischairmanoftheBoardofChurchillDowns."Icouldhardlybelieveit.Iwasbuying,offeringafreebreakfast,andfeelingpityforoneoftheworld'srichestandmostpowerfulmen!MyfewminuteswithMr.Galbreathchangedmylife.NowItrytotreateveryonewithrespect,nomatterwhoIthinktheyare,andtomeetanotherhumanbeingwithkindnessandsincerity.()1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"disheveled"mean?A.Unfriendly.B.Untidy.C.Gentle.D.Kind.()2.TheauthorboughtcoffeefortheoldmanbecauseA.hethoughttheoldmanwaspoorB.hewantedtostartaconversationC.heintendedtoshowhispolitenessD.hewouldliketothanktheoldman()3.Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelafterhetalkedwithhisfriend?A.Proud.B.Pitiful.C.Surprised.D.Regretful()4.Whatisthemessagemainlyexpressedinthestory?A.Weshouldlearntobegenerous.B.Itishonorabletohelpthoseinneed.C.Peopleinhighpositionsarenotlikewhatweexpect.D.Weshouldavoidjudgingpeoplebytheirappearances.【语篇解读】本文讲述了"我"在吃早点的时候遇到一个看起来穿着邋遢的老人,并且帮助他买了一杯咖啡,事后得知他是最富有的Mr.Galbreath,旨在告诉我们不要以貌取人.1.答案B【解析】猜测词义题.由上文中的Inoticedanemptychairnexttoanelderly,unshavenman何下文中的Hewaswearingaworn-outhatandwasalone.可知disheveled在这儿是指仪容不整,穿着邋遢的意思.所以答案选B项.2.答案A【解析】细节理解题.根据文中Iwasconcernedthathemighthavenomoneyandnotbeabletoaffordsomethingtoeat.可以判断选A项.3.答案C【解析】推理判断题.根据Icouldhardlybelieveit.Iwasbuying,offeringafreebreakfast,andfeelingpityforoneoftheworld'srichestandmostpowerfulmen!可知,作者在他朋友告诉他那个老人是Mr.Galbreath之后感到很吃惊.由此判断选C项.4.答案D【解析】主旨大意题.根据文章最后一句NowItrytotreateveryonewithrespect,nomatterwhoIthinktheyare,andnomatteranotherhumanbeingwithkindnessandsincerity.可知,作者想要表达的是不要以貌取人.由此判断选D项.阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(八)】AManypeoplemaybesurprisedbythenumberofchemicalsthattheyareexposedtothrougheverydayhouseholdproducts.Inastudy25womenhadtheirhomesandbodiestestedfor89environmentalpollutants—includingpesticides(杀虫剂)andchemicalsfoundinplasticsandcleaningproducts.Onaverage20chemicalswerefoundontheirbodiesorintheirhomes.Muchisunknownaboutthepossiblehealtheffectsofchemicalsineverydayhouseholdproducts.Butcertainchemicals—likephthalates(邻苯二甲酸盐)foundinplastics—havebeenlinkedtopotentialhealthrisks,includinghigherrisksofcertaincancers,thoughtheevidencemainlycomesfromresearchonlabanimals.Otherhouseholdchemicalsareknowntoharmtheskin,eyesandairways—andmayworsenasthma(哮喘).Manymorechemicalsfoundremainuntested.Chemicalslikelycomefromarangeofsources,soitisnotalwaysclearhowtoreducepeople’sexposure,accordingtoDr.RebeccaAltman,theleadresearcheronthenewstudy."However,"shesaid,"therearestillmeasurespeoplecantake."Intheoriginalstudy,shenoted,womenweregivenadvicebasedontheparticularchemicalstheywereexposedto—s
uchasusingfragrance­freewashingliquidandpersonal­careproducts.Forthecurrentstudy,Altmanandhercolleaguesinterviewedtwodozenwomenwho’dtakenpartinthepreviousstudytoseehowtheywouldreacttoinformationabouttheirhouseholdchemicalexposures.Theyfoundthatthewomenweregenerallysurprisedattherangeofchemicalsfoundintheirhomesandbodies.Theywerealsosurprisedthatevensomebannedthingswerefound.Withmanyquestionsaboutthehealtheffectsofhouseholdchemicalsunanswered,someexpertsworrythatgivingpeopleinformationabouttheireverydayexposureswillcauseunnecessaryfear.However,theresearchersfoundthatthewomenintheirstudyweretypicallynotalarmed,andinsteadwanted"moreratherthanl
ess"informationontheissue.26.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutchemicalsinhouseholdproductsisTRUE?A．Someofthemhavebadeffectsonhealth,whilesomehavegoodeffects.B.Long­termexpos
uretothemiscertaintocauseadeadlyillness.C.Inthestudyitwasfoundthatcertainchemicalscancausecancers.D.Itisuncertainwhateffectssomechemicalshaveonhealth.27.Theunderlinedword"airways"inParagraph3mostprobablyrefersto________.A.thepassagerunningfromyournoseandthroattothelungsB.thingsthatlooklikefinethreadsgrowinginthebodyC.thepassagebetweenrowsofroomsinabuildingD.theareajustinsidethefrontdoorofabuilding
28.WhyisitNOTclearhowtoreduceexposuretochemicals?A.Becausealleverydayproductscontainchemicals.B.Becausemuchisunknownaboutthesources.C.Becausechemicalscomefromavarietyofsources.D.Becausemeasureshavenotbeentestedfortheireffects.29．AccordingtoDr.Rebe
ccaAltman,________.A.womenweremorelikelytobeharmedbychemicalsB.fragrantproductsmaycontainharmfulchemicalsC.itisunnecessarytoinformpeopleaboutthestudyresultsD.furtherstudyoneverydayproductsshouldbedoneimmediately30.Whatwasthewomen’sattitudetowardsthestudyresults?A.Theywereangrythatsomanychemicalswerefound.B.Theyrefusedtobesubjectsforthestudyanymore.C.Theywereafraidofgettingbadnewsabouttheirhealth.D.Theywouldliketoknowmorerelatedinformation.26.D[细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知答案为D。]27.A[词义猜测题。airways与skin,eyes同是身体部位,因此排除C.D两项;根据后面的"mayworsenasthma",再根据构词法知识(air与way合成airway)可知A是正确答案。]28.C[细节理解题。根据第四段"Chemicalslikelycomefromarangeofsources,soitisnotalwaysclearhowto..."可知答案为C。]29.B[推理判断题。根据第五段的“suchasusingfragrance­freewashingliquid(比如使用无香的洗涤液)”,可以推出带有芳香剂的日常用品可能含有有害的化学物质。]30．D[细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“wanted‘moreratherthanless’informationontheissue”可知,她们希望知道更多相关的信息。][史地自然型阅读理解](一)ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedintheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thewhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Atenyearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.Nauru'srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate(磷酸盐)ontheisland.Infact,itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate,whichwasaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.Aphosphateminewasnotaholeintheground;itwasastripmine.Whenacompanystripmined,itremovedthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittookawaythematerialitwanted.Stripminingtotallydestroyedtheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyh
adnothing.By2000,Nauruwasfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythat
itwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.1.Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.ToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.B.Togiveawarningtoothercountries.C.Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.D.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.2.WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?A.Richandpowerful.B.Modernandopen.C.Peacefulandattractive.D.Greedyandaggressive.3.TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom________.A.soilpollutionB.phosphateoverminingC.farmingactivityD.whalehunting4.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sfinancialproblem?A.Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.B.Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.C.Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.D.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?A.Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.B.Theleade
rswi
lltaketheexperts'wordsseriously.C.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.D.Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.(一)【要点综述】文章主要讲述了太平洋岛国瑙鲁如何从一个环境优美的天堂岛变成一个生态失衡、满目疮痍的小岛。1.B写作意图题。由文章第一段的"Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes."可以看出,作者的目的是给当前很多只注重发展经济而忽略环境保护的国家一个警告。故选B项。2.C细节理解题。从第一段提到的"太平洋上的国家瑙鲁岛曾经是一个美丽的地方"看出,瑙鲁岛是attractive;由第二段第一句以及第三段第一句可知,上千年来,瑙鲁岛的人们生活在偏远的小岛上,过着平静的生活。故选C项。3.B细节理解题。由最后一段的"Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing."可以得知"磷酸盐逐渐减少,开采殆尽"。由此可以看出,"磷酸盐的过量开采"导致了生态灾难。故选B项。4.A细节理解题。由最后一段的“Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.”看出,是领导人不正确使用资金导致了财政问题。故选A项。5．A推理判断题。文章最后告诉我们：Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.也就是说,瑙鲁岛上的生态损失弥补起来需要大量的资金和时间,即选项所说的“修复起来很难”。故选A项。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(八)】BPenguinslivetogether,buteachpairhasalittlepieceofgroundoftheirown.Whenapenguinwantstowalkthroughitsneighbor’sground,itmustaskpermission.Ifitdoesnotdothat,itwillhavetofight.Mostofthetime,penguinsliveonthewater.Theyeatshellfishandlookaftertheirchildrencarefully.Allpenguinsaregoodparents—themalepenguinsareperhapsthebestparentsintheworld.TheywalkintheseainthemiddleofthedarkAntarcticwater.Theychoosetheirwivesinthedark.Theycanonlyhearthem—notseethem.Thenthefemalepenguinslaytheireggsandgoawayforabouttwomonths.Themalestakecareoftheeggs.Iftheeggsgetcold,therewillbenochicks.Thereisnofood.Thesnowfallsheavilyandthewindblowsstrongly—sometimesat150kilometersanhour.Thepenguinsdonotmove.Whenthefemalesreturnfromthesea,theywillnotremembertheirhusbands.Itdoesnotmatter.Onlyonethingmatters—theeggs.Malepenguinsneverfight—unlessapenguinleavesach
ickforaminute.Theythenfightbecausetheyallwantit.Theyarestrangeandwonderfulbirds.31.Itseemsinterestingandunusualthatthemalepenguinschoosetheirwives______.A.whenthefemalepenguinsreturnfromtheseaB.justbyhearinginthedarknessC.eachtimetheyseethelovelyfemalesD.aftertheyhavehadtheirowngrounds32.Malepenguinsfightwhen______.A.theychoosetheirwivesB.theyseeachickleftaloneC.theywanttogetsometh