计算机英语教程（第4版）教案

《计算机英语实用教程》（清华大学出版社）电子教案（张强华、司爱侠编写）清华大学出版社《计算机英语实用教程（第4版）》电子教案任课部门：_____________任课教师：_____________教学班级：_____________

授课单元Unit1教学目标通过对专业英语的学习，掌握相关的英语词汇，具有阅读专业资料的能力，具有一定的专业翻译能力，能够用英语表达专业意义并实现业务沟通。教学重点1）学习计算机专业核心词汇；2）掌握阅读技巧；3）具备一定的计算机专业翻译能力教学方法综合使用讲授法、讨论法、练习法、读书指导法以及任务驱动法。教学过程课文概述2）词汇学习（详见教学内容）3）难句分析（详见教学内容）4）课文讲解5）作业6）扩展学习作业【Ex1.】、【Ex2.】、【Ex3.】和【Ex4.】为必做题，【Ex5.】为选做题。学习在线资源扫码课文后的二维码：学习计算机专业常用语法阅读在线资料教学扩展选择适当的AI系统，与其进行文字或语音交流，讨论以下话题：1）ClassificationofComputers（计算机的分类）2）ClassificationandCharacteristicsofI/ODevices(I/O设备的分类及特点)3）TheComponentsandFunctionsofCPU（CPU的组成部分与作用）4）ClassificationandCharacteristicsofComputerMemory(计算机内存的分类及特点)5）TypesandCharacteristicsofHardDrives(硬盘驱动器的种类及特点)

教学内容TextA课文概述Thearticleprovidesanoverviewofcomputerhardware.Itbeginsbyexplainingthathardwareisthevisiblepartofaninformationsystem,suchascomputers,scanners,andprinters.Itmentionsthecompleterangeofcomputers,includingsupercomputers,mainframes,servers,workstations,personalcomputers,andmobiledevices.Thearticlethendiscussesinputdevices,suchaskeyboards,pointingdevices(e.g.,mouses,touchscreens,anddigitizertablets),opticalscannersandreaders(e.g.,barcodescannersandopticalmarkreaders),magneticcardreaders,biometricdevices,andvoiceinputdevices.Next,thearticlefocusesonthecentralprocessingunit(CPU).ItexplainsthattheCPUconsistsofthearithmeticandlogicunit(ALU)forexecutinginstructionsandthecontrolunitformanagingtheprocessing.Thearticlealsotouchesonthespeedofprocessing,whichisinfluencedbyfactorssuchasclockspeed,wordlength,buswidth,andchipdesign.Lastly,thearticlediscussesmainmemory(RAM)anditsroleinprovidingtemporarystorageforinstructionsanddataduringprogramexecution.ItmentionscachememoryandflashmemoryastypesofRAM,aswellasread-onlymemory(ROM)anditsdifferentforms:PROM,EPROM,andEEPROM.TextA重点单词讲解hardware:n.physicalcomponentsofacomputerorelectronicdeviceExample:Thehardwareofacomputerincludesthemonitor,keyboard,andCPU.server:n.acomputerorsystemthatprovidesresources,data,orservicestoothercomputersordevicesExample:Thewebsiteishostedonaserverlocatedinadatacenter.file:n.acollectionofdataorinformationstoredinaspecificformatExample:IneedtosavethisdocumentasaPDFfile.computational:adj.relatedtocalculationsorcomputingExample:Thecomputationalpowerofthisnewlaptopisimpressive.internet:n.aglobalnetworkconnectingmillionsofcomputersanddevicesExample:Iusetheinternettosearchforinformationandcommunicatewithfriends.device:n.atoolorpieceofequipmentdesignedforaspecificpurposeExample:Mysmartphoneisahandydeviceforstayingconnected.instruction:n.acommandordirectiongiventoacomputerordevicetoperformaspecifictaskExample:Followtheinstructionsonthescreentoinstallthesoftware.chip:n.asmallpieceofsemiconductormaterialthatcontainsintegratedcircuitsandisusedinelectronicdevicesExample:Thelatestsmartphoneshavepowerfulchipsthatenablefastprocessing.TextA重点词组讲解peripheraldevice:anexternaldevicethatisconnectedtoacomputerorelectronicdevicetoprovideadditionalfunctionalityExample:Theprinterandscannerareexamplesofperipheraldevices.applicationsoftware:computerprogramsdesignedforspecifictasksorpurposes,suchaswordprocessing,photoediting,orgamingExample:MicrosoftOfficeisapopularsuiteofapplicationsoftware.virtualreality:anartificialenvironmentcreatedthroughcomputertechnologythatsimulatesreal-worldexperiencesExample:ItriedavirtualrealityheadsetandfeltlikeIwasinsideavideogame.buswidth:thenumberofbitsthatcanbetransmittedsimultaneouslyonacomputerbusExample:Awiderbuswidthallowsforfasterdatatransferbetweencomponents.circuitboard:athinboardthatcontainselectroniccomponentsandconnections,usedinelectronicdevicesExample:ThecircuitboardofacomputermotherboardholdstheCPU,memory,andotheressentialcomponents.bootprogram:aprogramthatinitiatesthestart-upprocessofacomputerordeviceandloadstheoperatingsystemExample:Thebootprogramhelpsthecomputerstartupandrunthenecessarysoftware.TextA重点缩写讲解CPU(CentralProcessingUnit):themaincomponentofacomputerthatperformscalculations,executesinstructions,andmanagestheflowofinformationExample:CPUisresponsibleforprocessingdataandrunningprogramsinacomputer.ALU(ArithmeticandLogicUnit):acomponentoftheCPUthatperformsarithmeticandlogicaloperationsExample:ALUisresponsibleforperformingcalculationsandmakinglogicalcomparisonsinacomputer.RAM(RandomAccessMemory):atypeofcomputermemorythatallowsdatatobereadfromandwrittentobytheCPU,providingtemporarystorageforinstructionsanddataExample:ThemoreRAMacomputerhas,thefasteritcanaccessandprocessdata.ROM(Read-OnlyMemory):atypeofcomputermemorythatstorespermanentinstructionsordatathatcannotbemodifiedorerasedExample:ROMstoresthecomputer'sfirmwareandbasicbootinstructions.PROM(ProgrammableRead-OnlyMemory):atypeofROMthatcanbeprogrammedorwrittentooncewithpermanentdataorinstructionsExample:PROMchipsareoftenusedtostorefirmwareorsoftwarethatneedstobepermanentlystoredandcannotbechanged.TextA课文讲解及翻译详见PPTTextA难句讲解Althoughwewillfocusmainlyonthepersonalcomputer(PC)andtheperipheraldevicesthatarecommonlyusedwithit,thesameprinciplesapplytothecompleterangeofcomputers:Althoughwewillfocusmainlyonthepersonalcomputer(PC)andtheperipheraldevicesthatarecommonlyusedwithit是一个让步状语从句，修饰主句的applyto。在该从句中，thatarecommonlyusedwithit是一个定语从句，修饰和限定theperipheraldevices。Supercomputers,atermusedtodenotethefastestcomputingenginesavailableatanygiventime,whichareusedforrunningexceptionallydemandingscientificapplications.atermusedtodenotethefastestcomputingenginesavailableatanygiventime是一个名词性短语，对Supercomputers进行补充说明。在该短语中，usedtodenotethefastestcomputingenginesavailableatanygiventime是一个过去分词短语，作定语，修饰和限定aterm。whichareusedforrunningexceptionallydemandingscientificapplications是一个定语从句，用来对Supercomputers进行解释和说明。3.Whenscanningtext,itisnecessarytoloadadditionalopticalcharacterrecognition(OCR)softwarethatconvertsthescannedraster-imageofthetextintotheequivalentcharactersymbols,sothattheycanbeeditedusingwordprocessingsoftware.it是形式主语，真正是主语是动词不定式短语toloadadditionalopticalcharacterrecognition(OCR)softwarethatconvertsthescannedraster-imageofthetextintotheequivalentcharactersymbols。在该短语中，thatconvertsthescannedraster-imageofthetextintotheequivalentcharactersymbols是一个定语从句，修饰和限定additionalopticalcharacterrecognition(OCR)software。Whenscanningtext是时间状语，sothattheycanbeeditedusingwordprocessingsoftware是目的状语从句，它们都修饰谓语isnecessary。4.Thefunctionofmainmemory(alsoreferredtoasprimarymemory,mainstorageorinternalstorage)istoprovidetemporarystorageforinstructionsanddataduringtheexecutionofaprogram.这是一个主系表结构的句子。本句中，Thefunctionofmainmemory是主语，(alsoreferredtoasprimarymemory,mainstorageorinternalstorage)对mainmemory进行补充说明。toprovidetemporarystorageforinstructionsanddataduringtheexecutionofaprogram是一个动词不定式短语，作表语。VerymuchliketheCPUchips,theirtechnologyfollowstothelawofMoore,whichstatesthattheydoubleincapacityorpower(forthesameprice)every18months.whichstatesthattheydoubleincapacityorpower(forthesameprice)every18months是一个非限定性定语从句，对thelawofMoore进行补充说明。which指thelawofMoore。theirtechnology指standardcircuit-inscribedsiliconmicrochips’technology。TextB概述Thearticleprovidesanoverviewofsecondarystoragedevices,outputdevices,andaudiooutputdevicesincomputerhardware.Intermsofsecondarystoragedevices,thearticleexplainsthatsincethemainmemoryofacomputerhaslimitedcapacity,itisnecessarytostoredatainsecondarystoragebetweenprocessingcycles.Themostpopularsecondarystoragedeviceisthediskdrive,whichusesmagnetizabledisksandaheadtoreadandwritedata.Thearticlealsomentionsopticaldiskstorage,wheredataisstoredandreadusingalaserbeam,andsolid-statedrives(SSDs),whichuseflashmemoryandhavenomovingparts.Regardingoutputdevices,thearticlediscussesdisplayscreens,suchascathode-raytubes(CRTs)andliquidcrystaldisplays(LCDs),aswellasvideoprojectionunits.Italsomentionsprinters,includinginkjet,laser,LED,andthermalprinters.Additionally,thearticlementionsplotters,whicharemainlyusedforengineeringandarchitecturaldrawings.Intermsofaudiooutputdevices,thearticleexplainsthatsoundoutputisrequiredformultimediaapplicationsandgames,andsoundcardsincomputerscansynthesizesound.Thearticlealsomentionsspeechsynthesis,whichistheproductionofspeech-likeoutputusinganartificialvoice.Overall,thearticleprovidesacomprehensiveoverviewofsecondarystoragedevices,outputdevices,andaudiooutputdevicesincomputerhardware.TextB重点单词讲解fault-tolerant:adj.referringtotheabilityofasystemordevicetocontinuefunctioningproperlyeveninthepresenceofhardwareorsoftwarefaultsorfailures.Example:Thefault-tolerantservercanseamlesslyswitchtobackupcomponentsincaseofanyfailures,ensuringcontinuousoperation.mirror:vt.tocreateacopyorreplicaofdataorasystemonanotherdeviceorlocationforredundancyorbackuppurposes.Example:TheITdepartmentregularlymirrorsthecompany'scriticaldataonanoff-siteserverfordisasterrecovery.redundancy:n.theinclusionofextracomponents,systems,ordatathatarenotimmediatelynecessarybutprovidebackuporfail-safemeasures.Example:Theredundancybuiltintothenetworkinfrastructureensuresuninterruptedconnectivityincaseofanyhardwarefailures.backup:n.acopyofdataorfilescreatedasaprecautionarymeasuretorestorethemincaseofloss,damage,orcorruption.adj.relatingtoabackuporservingasabackup.Example1:Itisessentialtoregularlycreatebackupsofimportantdocumentstoprotectagainstdataloss.Example2:Thebackupserverautomaticallytakesoverwhentheprimaryserverfails.distribution:n.theactofdividingorspreadingsomethingoutoveradesignatedareaoramongdifferentrecipients.Example:Thedistributionofsoftwareupdateswasdonethroughacentralizedservertoensurethatalldeviceswereuptodate.replace:vt.toremoveorsubstitutesomethingwithanotherthingthattakesitsplace.Example:Theoldharddrivewasreplacedwithafasterandlargeronetoimprovesystemperformance.display:n.ascreenormonitorthatshowsvisualinformationoroutput.v.toshoworpresentsomethingonascreenormonitor.Example1:Thenewsmartphonehasahigh-resolutiondisplayforvibrantandclearvisuals.Example2:Thecomputer'sgraphicscardcandisplayimagesandvideosin4Kresolution.multimedia:n.thecombineduseofdifferentformsofmediasuchastext,audio,video,andgraphicsindigitalcontentorpresentations.adj.relatingtoorinvolvingtheuseofmultipleformsofmedia.Example1:Themultimediapresentationincludedslides,videos,andinteractiveelementstoengagetheaudience.Example2:Thewebsiteoffersamultimediaexperiencewitharticles,images,andaudioclips.TextB重点词组讲解storagecapacity:theamountofdatathatcanbestoredinastoragedeviceorsystem.Example:Thenewexternalharddrivehasastoragecapacityof1terabyte,allowingforamplespacetostorelargefilesanddocuments.computer-readabledata:datathatisencodedorformattedinawaythatcanbeeasilyinterpretedandprocessedbyacomputer.Example:Thebarcodeontheproductpackagingcontainscomputer-readabledatathatcanbescannedandprocessedbythepoint-of-salesystem.laserprinter:atypeofprinterthatusesalaserbeamtoproducehigh-qualityprintsbyselectivelychargingadrumwithstaticelectricityandtransferringtonerontopaper.Example:Theofficeinvestedinalaserprintertoprintprofessional-lookingdocumentswithsharptextandgraphics.inkjetprinter:atypeofprinterthatspraystinydropletsofinkontopapertocreateprintedimagesortext.Example:Theinkjetprinterissuitableforprintingcolorphotographswithvibrantandaccuratecolors.laserbeam:aconcentratedandhighlyfocusedbeamoflightproducedbyalaserdevice.Example:Thelaserbeamisusedinvariousapplications,suchasinlaserpointers,opticaldiscreaders,andcuttingorengravingmaterials.TextB重点缩写讲解RAID(RedundantArraysofIndependentDisk):atechnologythatcombinesmultiplephysicaldiskdrivesintoasinglelogicalunittoimprovedatastorageperformance,reliability,orboth.Example:ThecompanyimplementedRAIDtoensuredataredundancyandfasteraccesstocriticalfiles.SSD(SolidStateDrive):astoragedevicethatusesflashmemorytostoredata,providingfasterdataaccessandimprovedperformancecomparedtotraditionalharddiskdrives.Example:UpgradingtoanSSDsignificantlyimprovedthelaptop'sboottimeandoverallresponsiveness.HDD(HardDiskDrive):atraditionalstoragedevicethatusesspinningmagneticdiskstostoreandretrievedata.Example:TheexternalHDDhasalargestoragecapacity,makingitidealforbackingupimportantfilesandmedia.OLED(OrganicLight-EmittingDiodes):atypeofdisplaytechnologythatusesorganiccompoundstoemitlightwhenanelectriccurrentisapplied,resultinginvibrantcolors,highcontrast,andflexibilityindesign.Example:TheOLEDscreenonthesmartphoneprovidesdeepblacksandvividcolors,enhancingtheviewingexperience.3D(3Dimensions):Itreferstoobjectsorimagesthathavethreespatialdimensions(length,width,andheight),providingamorerealisticrepresentationcomparedtotwo-dimensionalobjects.Example:The3Dmoviecreatedanimmersiveexperience,withobjectsappearingtopopoutofthescreen.TextB课文讲解及翻译详见PPTTextB难句讲解Sincethemainmemoryofacomputerhasalimitedcapacity,itisnecessarytoretaindatainsecondarystoragebetweendifferentprocessingcycles.it是形式主语，真正是主语是动词不定式短语toretaindatainsecondarystoragebetweendifferentprocessingcycles。Sincethemainmemoryofacomputerhasalimitedcapacity是一个原因状语从句，修饰句子的谓语isnecessary。Sincethedrivesarenothandledphysically,theyarelesslikelytobecontaminatedbydustandthereforemuchmorereliable.Sincethedrivesarenothandledphysically是一个原因状语从句，修饰句子的谓语arelesslikelytobecontaminated。bydust作方式状语，修饰becontaminated。thereforemuchmorereliable可以扩展为thereforetheyaremuchmorereliable，表示结果。belikelyto的意思是“可能”。Unlikeharddrives,SSDsdonothaveanymovingparts(whichiswhytheyarecalledsolidstatedrives).(whichiswhytheyarecalledsolidstatedrives)是一个定语从句，对SSDsdonothaveanymovingparts进行补充说明。Unlike的意思是“与不同”。SinceSSDsdonotstoredatamagnetically,theyarenotsusceptibletodatalosseveniftherearestrongmagneticfieldsincloseproximitytothedrive.SinceSSDsdonotstoredatamagnetically是一个原因状语从句，eveniftherearestrongmagneticfieldsincloseproximitytothedrive是一个条件状语从句，它们都修饰主句的谓语arenotsusceptibletodataloss。evenif的意思是“即使”。besusceptibleto的意思是“易受...影响”或“对...敏感”。Printersareatypeofcomputer

peripheraldevice

thatfallintotwobroadcategories:2Dprintersthatprinttextandgraphicsontopaper(orothermedia)and3Dprintersthatcreatephysicalobjects.thatfallintotwobroadcategories是一个定语从句，修饰和限定atypeofcomputer

peripheraldevice。冒号：后面2Dprintersthatprinttextandgraphicsontopaper(orothermedia)and3Dprintersthatcreatephysicalobjects的是对twobroadcategories的补充说明。thatprinttextandgraphicsontopaper(orothermedia)和thatcreatephysicalobjects是两个定语从句，分别修饰和限定2Dprinters和3Dprinters.

授课单元Unit2教学目标通过对专业英语的学习，掌握相关的英语词汇，具有阅读专业资料的能力，具有一定的专业翻译能力，能够用英语表达专业意义并实现业务沟通。教学重点1）学习计算机专业核心词汇；2）掌握阅读技巧；3）具备一定的计算机专业翻译能力教学方法综合使用讲授法、讨论法、练习法、读书指导法以及任务驱动法。教学过程课文概述2）词汇学习（详见教学内容）3）难句分析（详见教学内容）4）课文讲解5）作业6）扩展学习作业【Ex1.】、【Ex2.】、【Ex3.】和【Ex4.】为必做题，【Ex5.】为选做题。学习在线资源扫码课文后的二维码：学习计算机专业常用语法阅读在线资料教学扩展选择适当的AI系统，与其进行文字或语音交流，讨论以下话题：1）ApplicationMethodsofAIinSoftwareDesign（AI在软件设计中的应用方法）2）AIToolsAppliedinSoftwareDesign(应用在软件设计中的AI工具)3）ANewMethodforSoftwareTesting（软件测试的新方法）4）HowtoMakeSoftwareBetterMeetUserNeeds(如何让软件更好地满足用户需求)5）ClassificationandCharacteristicsofProgrammers(程序员的职业分类及特点)

教学内容TextA课文概述Thepassageprovidesanoverviewofdifferenttypesofsoftware.Itbeginsbyexplainingapplicationsoftware,whichisusedbyend-userstoperformspecifictasks.ExamplesofapplicationsoftwareincludeMSExcel,Photoshop,andSkype.Thepassagethendiscussessystemsoftware,whichhelpstheuser,hardware,andapplicationsoftwaretointeractandfunctiontogether.Operatingsystems,programmingsoftware,anddriversoftwareareexamplesofsystemsoftware.Thepassagealsomentionsdifferentclassificationsofsoftware,suchasfreeware,shareware,open-sourcesoftware,closed-sourcesoftware,andutilitysoftware.Itconcludesbystatingthattherecanbemultiplewaystoclassifycomputersoftwarebasedontheirfunction,sourcecode,accessibility,andcostofusage.TextA重点单词讲解analyze:vt.toexaminesomethingindetailinordertounderstanditbetterordrawconclusions;tostudyorexaminesomethingcarefullyExample:Thescientistanalyzedthedataandfoundacorrelationbetweenthetwovariables.assembler:n.aprogramthattranslatesassemblylanguageintomachinecodeExample:Theprogrammerusedanassemblertoconverttheassemblylanguagecodeintomachinecode.background:n.thepartofapicture,scene,ordesignthatformsthesettingorprovidescontext;theknowledge,experience,orcircumstancesthatsomeonecomesfromorbringstoaparticularsituationExample:Thepainting'sbackgrounddepictedabeautifullandscapewithmountainsandariver.browser:n.asoftwareprogramthatallowsuserstoaccessandbrowsetheinternet;aprogramusedtoviewandnavigatethroughwebsitesExample:IuseGoogleChromeasmywebbrowsertosearchforinformationonline.command:n.aninstructiongiventoacomputerordevicetoperformaspecificaction;anauthoritativeorderordirectiveExample:Theprogrammerenteredacommandtoexecutetheprogram.compiler:n.aprogramthattranslatessourcecodewritteninaprogramminglanguageintomachinecodethatcanbeexecutedbyacomputerExample:TheprogrammerusedacompilertoconverttheJavacodeintoexecutablebinaryfiles.database:n.anorganizedcollectionofdatastoredelectronically,typicallyinacomputersystem,andaccessibleinvariouswaysExample:Thecompany'scustomerinformationisstoredinadatabaseforeasyaccess.debug:vt.toidentifyandeliminateerrorsordefectsincomputerhardwareorsoftware;toremovefaultsorbugsExample:Thesoftwaredeveloperspenthoursdebuggingthecodetoensureitwaserror-free.download:v.totransferdataorafilefromaremotecomputerorservertoalocaldeviceorcomputerExample:Ineedtodownloadthelatestsoftwareupdateformysmartphone.driver:n.asoftwareprogramthatallowsacomputerordevicetocommunicatewithandcontrolaspecifichardwaredeviceExample:Theprinterdriverneedstobeinstalledbeforetheprintercanbeused.email:n.electronicmail;messagessentandreceivedovercomputernetworksvt.tosendamessageorcommunicationviaemailExample1:Ireceivedanemailfrommybosswithimportantinformationabouttheupcomingmeeting.Example2:Jamieemailedmetosayhewasbusywithinstallingthenewprinterhehadbought.installation:n.theactorprocessofsettinguporputtingsomethinginplace;thesetuporconfigurationofsoftwareorhardwareExample:Theinstallationofthenewsoftwaretooklessthananhour.interpreter:n.aprogramorsoftwarethattranslatesandexecutescodewritteninahigh-levelprogramminglanguagelinebylineExample:ThePythoninterpreterconvertsthePythoncodeintomachinecodeandexecutesit.software:n.acollectionofprograms,data,orinstructionsthattellacomputerhowtoperformspecifictasksoroperationsExample:MicrosoftOfficeisapopularsoftwaresuitethatincludesprogramslikeWord,Excel,andPowerPoint.spreadsheet:n.afileordocumentcontainingrowsandcolumnsusedtoorganizeandcalculatedata,oftenusedforfinancialornumericalanalysisExample:Theaccountantusedaspreadsheettotrackandanalyzethecompany'sexpenses.standardize:vt.toestablishorbringsomethingintoconformitywithastandard;tomakesomethingconsistentoruniformExample:Thecompanydecidedtostandardizetheirproductionprocesstoensureconsistentquality.test:v.toexamineorevaluatethecharacteristics,performance,orreliabilityofsomeoneorsomethingExample:TheITdepartmentwilltestthenewsoftwarebeforeimplementingitcompany-wide.TextA重点词组讲解assemblycode:Itisalow-levelprogramminglanguagethatisspecifictoaparticularcomputerarchitecture.Itisahuman-readablerepresentationofmachinecodeinstructions.Example:Theprogrammerwrotetheassemblycodetooptimizetheperformanceoftheprogram.instantmessaging:Itreferstothereal-timeexchangeoftextmessagesbetweentwoormorepeopleovertheinternet.Example:Iuseinstantmessagingtochatwithmyfriendsthroughouttheday.low-levelsoftware:Itreferstosoftwarethatinteractsdirectlywiththehardwareofacomputersystem.Itisclosertothemachinecodeandprovidesbasicfunctionalityforthesystem.Example:Thelow-levelsoftwarecontrolstheinputandoutputdevicesofthecomputer.machinecode:Itisalow-levelprogramminglanguagethatconsistsofbinaryinstructionsthatcanbeexecuteddirectlybyacomputer'scentralprocessingunit(CPU).Example:Thecomputercanonlyunderstandmachinecodeinstructions.opensourcesoftware:Itissoftwarethatisfreelyavailableandcanbemodifiedanddistributedbyanyone.Itssourcecodeismadeavailabletothepublic.Example:Manydeveloperscontributetoopensourcesoftwareprojectsbyaddingnewfeaturesorfixingbugs.sourcecode:Itisthereadableandeditableversionofacomputerprogramwrittenbyaprogrammer.Itiswritteninahigh-levelprogramminglanguageandneedstobecompiledorinterpretedtobeexecuted.Example:Theprogrammerreviewedthesourcecodetofindandfixthebug.systemsoftware:Itreferstosoftwarethatmanagesandcontrolstheoperationofacomputersystem.Itincludesoperatingsystems,devicedrivers,andutilityprograms.Example:Thesystemsoftwareisresponsibleformanagingmemoryandschedulingtasks.TextA课文讲解及翻译详见PPTTextA难句讲解Whenyoufirstpowerupyourcomputer,itisthesystemsoftwarethatisinitiallyloadedintomemory.本句使用了强调it句型：itis/was+被强调部分+that...。这里强调的是句子的主语thesystemsoftware。Whenyoufirstpowerupyourcomputer是一个时间状语从句，修饰谓语isinitiallyloaded。在强调it句型中，可以强调主语、宾语和状语，但不能强调谓语。主语是人时，可以用who代替that。例如：ItwasPeterthat/whohelpedustodebugtheprogramlastFriday.ItwastheprinterthatMikefixedyesterday.Itwasinthemanager’sofficethatwediscussedwhichapplicationsoftwareweresuitableforourcompany.Itwasaweekagothatthebossdecidedtobuyanewsoftware.Sincetherearethousandsoftypesofdevices,driversmakethejobofyoursystemsoftwareeasierbyallowingittocommunicatethroughastandardizedlanguage.Sincetherearethousandsoftypesofdevices是一个原因状语从句，修饰谓语make。easier是形容词，作宾语thejobofyoursystemsoftware的补足语。byallowingittocommunicatethroughastandardizedlanguage是介词短语，作方式状语，修饰谓语make。Althoughtheyallfallunderthecategoryofapplicationorend-usersoftware,theycanfurtherbecategorizedasfreewarebecausetheyarefreeforyoutouse.Althoughtheyallfallunderthecategoryofapplicationorend-usersoftware是一个让步状语从句，修饰谓语canfurtherbecategorizedasfreeware。becausetheyarefreeforyoutouse是一个原因状语从句，也修饰谓语。Shareware,ontheotherhand,aresoftwareapplicationsthatarepaidprograms,butaremadeavailableforfreeforalimitedperiodoftimeknownas‘trialperiod’.thatarepaidprograms是一个定语从句，修饰和限定softwareapplications。forfree的意思是“免费”。knownas‘trialperiod’是一个过去分词短语，作定语，修饰和限定alimitedperiodoftime。TextB概述Thesystemdevelopmentlifecycle(SDLC)isastructured,multistep,iterativeprocessusedtotransformanewly-developedprojectintoanoperationalsystem.Itconsistsofsevenphases,whichhaveincreasedfromthetraditionalfivestages.TheSDLCfollowsasystemsapproachsimilartoaprojectlifecycleandiscommonlyusedinITorISprojects.EachphaseoftheSDLChighlightsdifferentaspectsofthedevelopmentprocess,allowinguserstounderstandtheactivitiesinvolvedandprovidingflexibilitytorepeatorreworkstepsasneededforsystemmodificationorimprovement.ThesevenphasesoftheSDLCareasfollows:planning,systemsanalysisandrequirements,systemsdesign,development,integrationandtesting,implementation,andoperationsandmaintenance.TheSDLCisatime-consumingprocess,whereoversightofanystepcanhinderthesystemfromfunctioningasplanned.TextB重点单词讲解framework:n.abasicstructureorfoundationthatprovidessupportandguidanceforthedevelopmentofsomethingExample:Theprojectmanagercreatedaframeworktooutlinethetasksandmilestonesfortheproject.identify:vt.torecognizeorestablishtheidentityornatureofsomeoneorsomething;todetermineordistinguishExample:Thefingerprintscannerisusedtoidentifyindividualsforsecuritypurposes.integration:n.theprocessofcombiningorincorporatingseparateelementsintoaunifiedwholeExample:Theintegrationofdifferentsoftwaresystemsallowedforseamlessdatasharing.iterative:adj.characterizedbyorinvolvingrepetitionoriteration;aprocessordevelopmentthatrepeatsorisrepeatedn.arepeatedprocessorprocedureExample:Theiterativeapproachtosoftwaredevelopmentinvolvescontinuoustestingandrefinement.maintenance:n.theprocessofpreservingorkeepingsomethingingoodcondition;theactofrepairingorservicingsomethingExample:Regularmaintenanceisnecessarytokeepthemachineryrunningsm