研究生英语综合教程3

高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSE2Unit3

LeisureActivity

ObjectivesofUnit3Content

Startingout

ReadingFocus

ReadingMore

PracticalTranslation

FocusedWriting

FinalProjectTask1WorkingroupstointerpretandcommentonthequotationsaboutleisureonPage64.StartingoutTobeabletofillleisureintelligentlyisthelastproductofcivilization.—ArnoldToynbeeBritisheconomichistorianandsocialreformerInterpretation:Thequotationimpliesthathowtospendleisuretimeinasmartwayisamirrorofhowcivilizedasocietyis.Startingout—Task12.Leisureisthetimefordoingsomethinguseful.Thisleisurethediligentpersonwillobtain;thelazyonenever.—BenjaminFranklinAmericanscientist,publisheranddiplomatInterpretation:Whetheronecanbenefitfromleisuretimeornotdependslargelyonyourattitude.Ifyouarehardworking,thenyoumaytakefulladvantageofyourtimetopromoteself-development;butifyouarelazy,chancesarethatyouwon’tspendyourleisuretimegettingdowntosomethinguseful.Startingout—Task13.Therealdividinglinebetweenthingswecallworkandthethingswecallleisureisthatinleisure,howeveractivewemaybe,wemakeourownchoicesandourowndecisions.Wefeelforthetimebeingthatourlifeisourown.—WilliamRaymond

BritishnovelistandcriticInterpretation:Thesubstantialdifferencebetweenworkandleisureconsistsintheextentofautonomy(自主）.Itappearsthatduringleisuretimeoneisentitledtochoosehisownwaytoenjoyhistimetothefullestwhereasintheworkplaceoneisrequiredtocomplywithrulesandregulations.Startingout—Task14.Itisinhispleasurethatamanreallylives;itisfromhisleisurethatheconstructsthetruefabricofself.—AgnesRepplierAmericanessayistandbiographerInterpretation:Onecanderivethetruemeaningoflifefrompleasureandhappiness.Butwhatmakesapersonwhoheisdependsonhowhespendshisleisuretime.Startingout—Task15.Thosewhodecidetouseleisureasameansofmentaldevelopment,wholovegoodmusic,goodbooks,goodpictures,goodcompany,goodconversation,arethehappiestpeopleintheworld.Andtheyarenotonlyhappyinthemselves,theyarethecauseofhappinessinothers.—WilliamLyonPhelpsAmericaneducatorInterpretation:Ifyouwanttopursuehappiness,thenyoushouldspendyourleisuretimeinapositiveway,whichishelpfultoenhancingyourmentaldevelopment.Ifyouarehappy,itislikelythatyouwillbringhappinesstoothers.

Startingout—Task1Task2Matchtheclassiclinewithitscorresponding

movie.(P64)Key:2)3)4)5)6)ECAFBDStartingout—Task2Task2Iswatchingmoviesyourfavoriteleisureactivity?Whichgenreofmoviesdoyoulikebest?(P64)Usefulwordsandexpressions:documentary;literaryfilm;anime;musical;comedy;draculamovie/horrormovie/thriller;swordsmenfilm;actionfilm;detectivefilm/whodunit;ethicalfilm;featurefilm;mystery&suspense;sci-fi&fantasy;romance;newsreel;travelogue,etc

Startingout—Task2RomanceattheMoviesRomanticmoviessurelyhaveawideappealfortheaudience.Nowwatchaninterviewaboutromanceatthemovies.Listencarefullyandcompletetheblank-fillingexercise.StartingoutBriefEncounter(1945):

Nothinggetsmore_____________thanthat.No,thisisnocategoryscript,DavidLynn’sdirection.ItisamasterpieceofholdingbackandIthinksinceitwasmade____________,itwasallabout____________andkeepingthingstogetherandit’sjustbrimmingwiththe____________andtheunacted-upon.__________loveisthebestkind.glamorousduring

WWIIsacrificeunexpressedTorturedStartingoutTheLadyEve

(1941):HarryFondalearnsthatBarbaraStanwickisbasicallyaskunk(讨厌鬼)andbutshe______________________sheissomebodyelseandhefallsinlovewithheragain.Andhelearnsthat,youknow,theyare_________________________,buttheyareneverasbadasyouthinkeither.Theywere_______________.

tricks

him

into

thinkingnever

as

great

as

you

thinkall

just

humanStartingoutTrulyMadlyDeeply:BecausesheloveshimsomuchthatAlanRickmancomesbacktoJulietStevenson.She’sjustoneofthegreat_____________ofalltime.OneofthethingsIloveaboutthisisinpairingthesetwotogetheristhatinfactAlanRickmanand_______________sitaroundwatchingBriefEncounterontelevision—perfectlittleconnection.It’sjustwonderfulandinfactshedoeslearnto____________and____________________inherlifewhoisliving.

crying

sceneshisghostfriendsmoveonfindanewlovelymanStartingoutTheShopAroundTheCorner:ItwasamusicalSheLovesMe,abouttwopeoplewho_________________andhatedeachother’sguts,butinfact,theyhadthiswholesecretlifeas_________and itiswhenyoulearn,thatyou know,the_________isonething, the________isanotherthing. Andyouknow,it’sallcrazyand mixed-upanditmakesupsense.workedsidebysidepenpalssurface

soulStartingoutEternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMind(2004):Itisreallyanemotionally_________film.Theyhaveasurgerytohaveeachother_______________________.Theyloatheeachother,but,no,theycometoloatheeachother,JimKerryandKateWinsletloatheeachotherandyetevenafterasurgerytopurge(purge:remove;getridof)the_________,theycannotgetthemselves________________.Sohereismydesignfor

living,forin-and-outoflove

withthesamepersonall

yourlife.

violentremovedfromeachothermemoriesoutoftheirheadsStartingoutWhyHarry’sHotReadingFocus

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation1ListentoatalkonJ.K.Rowling,theauthorofHarrybooks,andanswerthefollowingquestions.1)WhenwasJ.KRowlingbornandwhatwasher

childhooddream?2)WhendidtheideaofHarryPotterstrikeRowling?3)WhenwasthefirstHarrybookreleasedandwhatwas

thetitleofthebook?4)Whenwasthefilmversionofthefirstbookreleased?5)WhatissaidaboutJ.KRowling’smarriages?6)WhatproblemsdidtheHarrybooksencounter?BackgroundInformationJ.K.RowlingJ.K.RowlingwasborninEnglandonJuly30,1965.TheideaforHarryPottercametoRowlingin1990duringaridetrainfromManchestertoLondon.Shesawalittlethinboysmilingatheroutsidethewindow,withblackhairandglasses,whobecameHarryPotterinthebooks.

BackgroundInformationHarryPotterSofar,thebookseriesincludessevenbooks,includingHarryPotterandtheSorcerer’sStone《哈利波特与魔法石》,HarryPotterandtheChamberofSecrets《哈利波特与密室》,HarryPotterandthePrisonerofAzkaban《哈利波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》,HarryPotterandtheGobletofFire《哈利波特与火焰杯》,HarryPotterandtheOrderofthePhoenix《哈利波特与凤凰社》,HarryPotterandtheHalf-BloodPrince《哈利波特与混血王子》,HarryPotterandtheDeathlyHallows《哈利波特与死亡圣器》.AboutthetextThisisanargumentativeessay,involvingtheauthor’spersonalideasaboutwhytheHarryPotterbooksmakesuchahugesuccess.Thepassageisalsoamodelessayforstudentstolearnhowtowriteanargumentativeessaybasedonaparticularphenomenon.Itfallsintothreeparts,whichiseasilyrecognizedinanargumentativeessay.ItstartswiththefactthattheHarryPotterbookscapturetheattentionofanamazinglylargeaudience,althoughtheyareconfrontedwithchallengesbysomeparentsandconservativereligiousleaders.TheydisapproveoftheHarryPotterbooksbecausetheythinkthesebooksadvocatewitchcraft.ThentheauthormakehisowncommentsontheHarryPotterbooks,includingtheirmeritsanddemerits（优缺点）.Finally,theauthorarrivesataconclusionthatthereiseveryreasontosaythatHarryPotterpossessesalltheearmarks(特征)ofaclassic.ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding1Introduction2Author’sComment3Conclusion(Paras.1-4)(Paras.5-9)(Para.10)MatchthemainideaAdisadvantageofthefirstfourbooksisanabsenceofaninterestingvillain.Publicatinofthefourthbookappealstoalargenumberofchildren.HarryPotterbooksarechallengedbysomeparentsandreligiousleaders.Thewaywithnamingpeopleandthingsisquirkyandoriginal.ThereiseveryreasontosaythatHarryPotterpossessesallthefeaturesofaclassic.Adultsalsofindthebooksappealingbecauseofthedeepintellectualism.Plotlinesofthefourbooksareindependentofeachother,butarebroughttogetherinasurprisingconclusion.ThefirstfourbooksofHarryPotterturnouttobeasuccess.Incontrasttotheirpopularity,fewpeoplemakecommentonthesebooks.HarryPotter'sbookshavesomegoodpoints.Para.1Para.2Para.3

Para.4Para.5Para.6Para.7Para.8Para.9Para.10IntroductionA.TheHarryPotterbooksappealtoanenormousnumberofpeople.(paras.1-3)Thefirstthreebookshaveearnedaconservatively

estimated$480millionin3years.

HarryPotter

andtheGobletofFirepromisestobreakall

previousbooksellingrecords.InBritainandNorthAmerica,thousandsofchildren

rushedtoclaimtheircopieswhenHarryPotterandthe

GobletofFirewasonsale.B.Someparentsandconservativereligiousleadersdisapproveofthe

HarryPotterbooksbecausetheythinkthatthesebooks

_____________________________________________.(para.4)Readingofthebookshasbeenchallengedin25school

districtsandthebookshavebeenbannedinschoolsin

KansasandColorado.TheHarryPotterbooksbyJ.K.Rowlinghaveachievedhugesuccessinspiteofchallenges.advocatewitchcraftExample1:Example

2:Example3:Example:ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingAuthor’scommentA.TheHarryPotterbooks

havemuch

merit(paras.5-8):

Theyarebeautifullycraftedworksofentertainment,

theliterarycounterpartofStevenSpielberg.Theyamounttomuchmorethanjustthesumofparts

ofchildren’sclassic,andtheycanbereadby

childrenandadultswithequalpleasure.

Thelanguageofthebooksmaybeunadorned,butthe

waywithnamingpeopleandthingsisquirkyand

original.

Adultsalsofindthebooksappealingbecauseofthe

deepintellectualisminthem.B.AdisadvantageoftheHarryPotterbooksisanabsenceof

___________________inthefirstfourbooks.(para.9)

Example1:Example

2:Example3:aninterestingvillainReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingExample4:ConclusionBothchildrenandadultsenjoyreadingthebooks.Thebooksintroduceyoungreaderstoaveryhighstandard

ofentertainment.ThereiseveryreasontosaythatHarryPotterpossesses_________________________.(para.10)A.B.alltheearmarksofaclassicReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingTask2Workingroupstodecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothepassage.(P73)

Key:2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10FFTTFTFFFFReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationCriticalThinkingReadingFocusStepOneInthetext,theauthorsaysthat

“Rowling’snovelsareprobablythebestbookschildrenhaveeverencounteredthathaven’tbeenthrustuponthembyanadult.”

Didyoureadanybookslikethatduringyourchildhood?Whatdidyouthinkofthem?Workingroupsandtalkaboutthefavoritebooksorstoriesofyourchildhoods.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinkingStepTwoDiscussingroupsandworkoutalistofthefeaturesthatmakeachildren’sbookaclassic.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinkingWithafirstprintingof5.3millioncopiesandadvanceorderstopping1.8million,HarryPotterandtheGobletofFire,thefourthinstallmentoftheseries,promisestobreakeverybooksellingrecord.(Para.1)installment:1)oneofthepartsofastorythatappearsasaseriesof

parts,especiallyinamagazine,newspaper,etc.e.g.

thefirstinstallmentofasciencefictiontrilogy（三部曲）2)Oneofanumberofsuccessivepaymentsinsettlement

ofadebt.e.g.

*_____________________________(用分期付

款的方式购物)hasbecomeepidemicinrecentyears.

*They’relettingmepayforthewashingmachine

_________________(按月付款地方式).BuyinggoodsontheinstallmentplanbymonthlyinstallmentsReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

2.Amazingly,Rowlingkeepsherseveralplotlinesclearofeachotheruntiltheend,whenshedeftlybringseverythingtogetherinacataclysmicconclusion.(Para.2)deftly:adv.deft:adj.movingquicklyandwithskill机敏的，灵巧的

cataclysmic:sudden,shocking,andviolent突然的；骇人的；剧烈的e.g.

Acataclysmiceventhadshakenherparents'marriage.

一场剧变动摇了她父母的婚姻。

翻译：让人称奇的是，罗琳让每一册书的情节相互独立，但最后，她却能够巧妙地把它们衔接起来，形成一个意想不到的结局。ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

3.TheonlysournotesinallthesongsofjoyoverthisphenomenonhavecomefromparentsandconservativereligiousleaderswhosayRowlingadvocateswitchcraft.(Para.4)

“notes”figurativelymeansaparticularqualityinsomeone’svoicethatshowshowtheyarefeeling.e.g.1)Therewasanoteofdoubtinhervoice.2)Itwasnotdifficultforhimtocatchthenoteof

bitternessinmyvoice.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

4.ButperhapsthemostcuriousthingaboutthePotterphenomenon,especiallygiventhatitisallaboutbooks,isthatalmostnoonehastakenthetimetosayhowgood—orbad—thesebooksare.(Para.5)

“given”means“considering”.e.g.1)_______________________(考虑到这样的情况),

you'vedonereallywell.2)Usually,Iamsensiblewithmoney,asIhaveto

be,____________________________(考虑到我没有赚那么多钱).

GiventhecircumstancesgiventhatIdon’tearnthatmuchReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

5.There’snotellingwhichbookswillsurvivefromonegenerationtothenext.(Para.5)

Paraphrase:Itishardtotellwhichbookswillsurvivefromonegenerationtothenext.e.g.很难说今晚谁会出现。

There'snotellingwhoisgoingtoshowup

tonight.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

6.Herprosemaybeunadorned,butherwaywithnamingpeopleandthingsrevealsaquirkyandoriginaltalent.(Para.7)

unadorned;adorn;adornmente.g.1)Hishouseislavishly____________.2)Japanesefoodisonthewholesuperb,one

ofthe______________oftheculture.3)Theroomistypicallysimpleand

_____________,withwhitewallsandatiled

floor.

adornedadornmentsunadornedReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

7.Thebestwritersrememberwhatitisliketobeachildwithastonishingintensity.(Para.8)

“withastonishingintensity”means“strongly”.Thissentencemeansthatthebestwritersarekeenlyawareofwhatistypicalofachild.e.g.WhenLouisisaloneheseeswithastonishingintensity,andwillwritesomewordsthatmayoutlastusall.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

8.Timeandagain,Rowlingarticulatesjusthowdefenselesseventhebravestchildrenoftenfeel.(Para.8)

articulate(v.):1)expressyourideasorfeelingsinwordse.g.Manypeopleareunabletoarticulatethe

unhappinesstheyfeel.2)berelatedandexiste.g.Thenewcourseisdesignedtoarticulate

withthecurrentdegreecourse.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

articulate(adj.):1)(ofaperson)goodatexpressingideasor

feelingsclearlyinwordse.g.1)

Sheisahighlyarticulatewoman.2)Itgivesanarticulatedescriptionofthe

drug’seffect.

2)(ofspeech)clearlyexpressedorpronouncede.g.Allwecouldhearwereloudsobs,butno

articulatewords.

Ant.:inarticulate

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

9.ButIdon’tthinkthebookswouldhavetheirbroadappealiftheywereonlyexcitingtalesofmagicaladventure,andIknowadultswouldnotfindthemsoenticing.(Para.8)

Thissentenceisputinthesubjuntivemood.“havetheirbroadappeal”means“吸引这么广泛的群体”.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

appeal(n.):1)aqualitythatmakespeoplelikesomethingorsomeonee.g.1)

这个岛屿有什么特别的吸引之处？

Whatistheparticularappealofthisisland?2)Thefilmhasgreatappealforyoungaudiences.2)anurgentrequestforsomethingimportante.g.1)

Alltheorganizationsinvolvedhavesenturgentappealstothegovernment,askingforextrafunding.

2)Thegirl'sfamilyhavemadeapublicappealforhelptotryandcatchherkiller.

3)aformalrequesttoacourtortosomeoneinauthorityaskingforadecisiontobechanged

e.g.Hehaslodgedanappealagainstthesizeofthefine.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

appeal(v.):1)beattractivee.g.Theideaofworkingabroadreallyappealstome.2)makeanurgentrequestforsomethingimportante.g.Thepolicehaveappealedtoanyonewith

informationtocomeforwardandtalktothem.

3)aformalrequesttoacourtortosomeoneinauthorityaskingforadecisiontobechanged

e.g.Appealingtotherefereedoesnotoftenresultina

decisionbeingchanged.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-Task1Choosethesentenceinwhichtheunderlinedwordhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentencequotedfromthepassage.

(P.75)ABABBBCAReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Task21)Howdoesourproduct________________thoseofourcompetitors?2)Mr.

Jenkins’argumentsforstability_________________withEurope’stwomostpowerfulpoliticians.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatephrasefromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.

(P76)stackupagainststruckachordstackupagainst pulloff chopoffthrust…upon…fadeaway turnoutappealto amountto keepclearofstrikeachord bringtogether pickupon

ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

3)Thecourtdecidedthatthecompany’sactions________________unfairdismissal.4)Youcouldimprovethetreeby_________________someoftheupperbranches.5)Itincludestipsonhowtowriteforkidsandwhycertainstories__________________differentages.6)Hehaslearnedto_________________hissuperior’smoodsandactaccordingly.amountedtochoppingoffstackupagainst pulloff chopoffthrust…upon…fadeaway turnoutappealto amounttokeepclearofstrikeachord bringtogether pickupon

appealtopickuponReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

7)Asit_______________,hepassedtheexamquiteeasily.8)Sympathyfortherebels,thegovernmentclaims,isbeginningto_______________.9)We___________________researchersfromthreedifferentuniversitiestoworkontheproject.turnedoutfadeawaystackupagainst pulloff chopoffthrust…upon…fadeaway turnoutappealto amounttokeepclearofstrikeachord bringtogether pickuponbroughttogetherReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

10)Thisisthemostdelicatedealthatwe’veever________________:wehavereasontobeproudofourselves.11)I’vehadthreeoftheneighbors’children____________mefortheafternoon.12)Allexitsmust_________________baggage.pulledoffthrustonstackupagainst pulloff chopoffthrust…upon…fadeaway turnoutappealto amounttokeepclearofstrikeachord bringtogether pickupon

bekeptclearofReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Task3ReadtheexcerptfromtheHarryPotterbooks,thenfillinthetenblanks.(P77)Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-swirlingdeliveredglowedintervalsconvergewanderingsnavigatejealousypresenceabsorbedReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

EuropeansJustWanttoHaveFunReadingMoreReadingMore

GlobalUnderstanding

DetailedInformation

CriticalThinking

LanguagePoints

VocabularyinAction1

2

3

4

5

TheattitudetowardsleisureintheUSParas.4-5IntroductionReasonsforEuropeans’andAmericans’differentattitudestowardsworkandleisureParas.1-3Para.6ConclusionParas.7-8ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingInParis,peopleweretangoingaway,doingthemerengue,enjoyingpicnics,holdinganimpromptublockparty,anddancingtosalsa

InBerlin,anestimated500,000kidsattendedLoveParadeInSouthernEurope,numerousfamiliesspenttheirvacations

InMadridorDublin,peoplerocktothesmallhours

InPrague,Britishpartygoersdesireforthecheapbeerandprettygirls

ReadingMore—Global

Understandinghedonismortheideaofpleasureasawayoflifeprevailed

Americansstartedtothinkthatyoucouldbehappyonlyifyouworkhardandplayhard

AmericanconservativesbelievedthatEuropeans’desireforthepleasuresoflifeandlongvacationswasevidenceofalackofseriousnessandwouldeventuallyendineconomictears

ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingFirstly,thecrowdedconfinesofWesternEuropeandtheexpansivespaceofNorthAmericahaveledtovariedconsumerpreferencesSecondly,AmericansareinfluencedbythepuritanicalversionofChristianity,sendingthemessagethathardworkisgoodforthesoulwhereasmodernEuropeansavoidedthislesson

ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingConclusion:Theideaofawork-lifebalancemightcatchonin

futureintheUS.Forexample,________________________________________________________________________________________________________.BillKellerencouragedthestafftodoalittlesavoringoflifebyspendingtimewiththeirfamiliesorviewingartsReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingTask2Choosethebestanswertocompletethe

followingstatementsaccordingtothetext.(P84)Key:2)3)4)5)6)7)8)CAACBDACReadingMore—DetailedInformationCriticalThinkingReadingMoreStepOne

“Youcanbehappyonlyifyouworkhardandplayhard.”

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatement?

Useexamplestojustifyyouranswer.ReadingMore—CriticalThinkingStepTwoInthetext,theauthormentionsEuropeans’andAmericans’differentattitudestowardworkandlife.What’sChinesepeople’stowardworkandlife?Whatarethereasons?ReadingMore—CriticalThinking1.WalkingacrossBoulevardSt.MichelinParislastweek,onthenightbeforeBastilleDay,Ibumpedintoanoldfriend—anAmericanwhohaslivedinthecityfor25years—whotoldmehewastakingupthetango.(Para.1)

bumpinto:comeacross;runinto;runacross;chanceon

e.g.

IbumpedintoSimonthismorning.

bumpoff:kill/murder(somebody)unlawfullybumpagainst:hitagainste.g.

Iranafterhim,bumpingagainstpeopleinmyhurry.

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

takeup:1)becomeinterestedinanewactivityandtospendtimedoingit

e.g.

Rogertookpaintingupforawhile,butsoonlost

interest.2)startanewjoborhaveanewresponsibility

e.g.

Peterwilltakeupthemanagementofthefinance

department.3)Ifyoutakeupasuggestion,problem,complaintetc,youstarttodosomethingaboutit.e.g.

Nowthepapershavetakenupthestory.4)occupyentirelyorexclusivelye.g.

Themeetingwastakenupwitholdbusiness.

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

2.Adrop-dead-gorgeouscrowdwastangoingawayinamakeshift,open-airamphitheater.(Para.2)

Inthephrase“tangoaway”,“away”isusedtoemphasizeacontinuousorrepeatedaction.

e.g.

1)They’vebeenhammeringawayallday.2)Hewouldoftenbeworkingawayonhisword

processorlateintothenight.

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

3.TheweekendIwasinParis,anestimated500,000kidsdescended

onBerlinfortheannualLoveParade.(Para.3)

descend:1)Ifalargenumberofpeopledescendonapersonoraplace,theycometovisitorstay.

e.g.

数百名球迷突然来到了这座城市。Hundredsoffootballfansdescendedonthecity.2)Ifdarkness,silence,afeelingetcdescends,itbecomesdarketcoryoustarttofeelsomething,especiallysuddenly.e.g.

Anairofgloomdescendedovertheparty

headquarters.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

“descend”canalsobeusedinothercontexts.

e.g.

1)Thehotelsarelistedindescendingorderofprice.2)SheclaimstobedescendedfromAbraham

Lincoln.3)Ourplanestartedtodescend.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

4.Europeansseemtobethrowingthemselves