2025年法国光伏发电应用全国调查报告

Task1StrategicPVAnalysisandOutreach

PVPS

NationalSurveyReport

ofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance

2025

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

WhatisIEAPVPSTCP?

TheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),foundedin1974,isanautonomousbodywithintheframeworkoftheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD).TheTechnologyCollaborationProgramme(TCP)wascreatedwithabeliefthatthefutureofenergysecurityandsustainabilitystartswithglobalcollaboration.Theprogrammeismadeupof6.000expertsacrossgovernment,academia,andindustrydedicatedtoadvancingcommonresearchandtheapplicationofspecificenergytechnologies.

TheIEAPhotovoltaicPowerSystemsProgramme(IEAPVPS)isoneoftheTCP’swithintheIEAandwasestablishedin1993.Themissionoftheprogrammeisto“enhancetheinternationalcollaborativeeffortswhichfacilitatetheroleofphotovoltaicsolarenergyasacornerstoneinthetransitiontosustainableenergysystems.”Inordertoachievethis,theProgramme’sparticipantshaveundertakenavarietyofjointresearchprojectsinPVpowersystemsapplications.TheoverallprogrammeisheadedbyanExecutiveCommittee,comprisedofonedelegatefromeachcountryororganisationmember,whichdesignatesdistinct‘Tasks,’thatmayberesearchprojectsoractivityareas.

TheIEAPVPSparticipatingcountriesareAustralia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,China,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,India,Israel,Italy,Japan,Korea,Lithuania,Malaysia,Morocco,theNetherlands,Norway,Portugal,SouthAfrica,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Thailand,Türkiye,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.TheEuropeanCommission,SolarPowerEuropeandtheSolarEnergyResearchInstituteofSingaporearealsomembers.

Visitusat:

WhatisIEAPVPSTask1?

TheobjectiveofTask1oftheIEAPhotovoltaicPowerSystemsProgrammeistopromoteandfacilitatetheexchangeanddisseminationofinformationonthetechnical,economic,environmentalandsocialaspectsofPVpowersystems.Task1activitiessupportthebroaderPVPSobjectives:tocontributetocostreductionofPVpowerapplications,toincreaseawarenessofthepotentialandvalueofPVpowersystems,tofostertheremovalofbothtechnicalandnon-technicalbarriersandtoenhancetechnologyco-operation.AnimportantdeliverableofTask1istheannual“Trendsinphotovoltaicapplications”report.Inparallel,NationalSurveyReportsareproducedannuallybyeachTask1participant.ThisdocumentisthecountryNationalSurveyReportfortheyear2025.InformationfromthisdocumentwillbeusedasinputtotheannualTrendsinphotovoltaicapplicationsreport.

Authors

MainContent:KathiaTerzi(Observ’ER),FrédéricTuillé(Observ’ER)

Data:SDES,RTE,ODRÉ,ADEME,CRE,Observ’ER

Analysis:KathiaTerzi(Observ’ER),FrédéricTuillé(Observ’ER)

DISCLAIMER

TheIEAPVPSTCPisorganisedundertheauspicesoftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)butisfunctionallyandlegallyautonomous.Views,findingsandpublicationsoftheIEAPVPSTCPdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsorpoliciesoftheIEASecretariatoritsindividualmembercountries

COPYRIGHTSTATEMENT

Thiscontentmaybefreelyused,copiedandredistributed,providedappropriatecreditisgiven(pleaserefertothe‘SuggestedCitation’).Theexceptionisthatsomelicensedimagesmaynotbecopied,asspecifiedintheindividualimagecaptions.

SUGGESTEDCITATION

Terzi,K.,Tuillé,F.(2026),NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025.IEAPVPSTask1.

/national_survey/nsr-france-2025/

COVERPICTURE

Cahuzac-sur-Adoursolarpark,inauguratedinNovember2025

©QENERGY

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCY

PHOTOVOLTAICPOWERSYSTEMSPROGRAMME

NationalSurveyReportof

PVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

IEAPVPS

Task1

StrategicPVAnalysis&Outreach

August–2026

ISBN:978-1-923734-10-4

DOI:10.69766/FEAF6408

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

TABLEOFCONTENTS

Acknowledgements 5

1Highlights 6

2InstallationData 7

2.1ApplicationsforPhotovoltaics 7

2.2Totalphotovoltaicpowerinstalled 8

2.3KeyenablersofPVdevelopment 13

3CompetitivenessofPVelectricity 14

3.1Moduleprices 14

3.2Systemprices 15

3.3CostbreakdownofPVinstallations 17

3.4FinancialParametersandspecificfinancingprograms 19

3.5Specificinvestmentsprograms 19

3.6MerchantPV/PPA/CPPA 21

3.7AdditionalCountryinformation 21

4PolicyFramework 22

4.1NationaltargetsforPV 23

4.2DirectsupportpoliciesforPVinstallations 24

4.3Self-consumptionmeasures 26

4.4Collectiveself-consumption,communitysolarandsimilarmeasures 28

4.5Tenders,auctions&similarschemes 30

4.6Otherutility-scalemeasuresincludingfloatingandagriculturalPV 32

4.7Indirectpolicyissues 32

4.8Financingandcostofsupportmeasures 34

4.9Gridintegrationpolicies 35

5Industry 39

5.1Productionofingotsandwafers(crystallinesiliconindustry) 39

5.2Productionofphotovoltaiccellsandmodules 39

5.3Manufacturingprojects 42

5.4Manufacturersandsuppliersofothercomponents 42

5.5Recycling 43

6PVInTheEconomy 44

Labourplaces 44

3

4

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

6.2Businessvalue 45

7InterestFromElectricityStakeholders 46

7.1Structureoftheelectricitysystem 46

7.2Interestfromelectricityutilitybusinesses 46

7.3Interestfrommunicipalitiesandlocalgovernments 47

8Prospects 48

5

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ThispaperreceivedvaluablecontributionsfromPaulKAAIJK,ADEMEValbonne.

SpecialthanksareduetoEnerplanfortheirhelpinpreparingthesystempricessubsection.

6

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

1HIGHLIGHTS

France’sphotovoltaicmarketreachedanewrecordin2025.Around7.4GWDC(6.1GWAC)ofnewcapacitywereconnectedduringtheyear,comparedwiththepreviousrecordof6.0GWDCin2024.Cumulativeinstalledcapacityreachedapproximately37.6GWDC(31.3GWAC)attheendof2025.ThephotovoltaicsectorhasbecomethelargestinFranceintermsofinstalledcapacityamongallrenewableelectricitysources.Solargenerationalsoincreased(37.0TWh,+46%comparedwith2024)andcovered7.3%ofnationalelectricityconsumption.However,therecordlevelofannualadditionsdidnotreflectuniformgrowthacrossallmarketsegments.Thestructureofannualadditionsremainedbroadlystableforinstallationsabove500kW,whichaccountedforaroundonethirdofnewlyconnectedcapacityinboth2024and

2025.The9kWto36kWsegmentalsoremainedunchangedat4%,whilethe36kWto100kWsegmentdecreasedonlyslightly,from8%to7%.ThemainchangesoccurredinthesegmentsmostdirectlyexposedtotherevisionoftheS21supportframework.Theresidentialsegmentbelow9kWfellsharply,from20%ofannualadditionsin2024to12%in2025,followingthereductioninsupportlevelsandtheremovalofthefull-exportoption.Theshareofthe100kWto500kWsegmentincreasedfrom36%to44%,reflectingarushofprojectsbeforethissegmentwasexcludedfromtheopen-accessS21feed-intariffandshiftedtoasimplifiedtenderingscheme.

Despiteitsstrongmarketperformance,thephotovoltaicsectorfacedalesssupportivepolicyenvironment.InMarch2025,theS21feed-intariffframeworkforPVsystemsupto500kWinstalledonbuildingswasrevised.Forinstallationsupto9kW,thefull-exportoptionwasremoved,whiletheself-consumptionpremiumandthetariffpaidforsurpluselectricityweresignificantlyreduced.Thelatterdroppedfrom0.127EUR/kWhinQ42024to0.04EUR/kWhinQ42025.Forthe100kWto500kWsegment,theopen-accessfeed-intariffwasphasedoutandreplacedbyasimplifiedcompetitivetenderingscheme.Only43.5MWwereawardedinthefirstperiodofthesimplifiedtender,comparedwiththe192MWinitiallyopenedtocompetition.

Throughout2025,thePVsectoralsofacedalackofvisibilityregardingFrance’slong-termenergyplanning.SeveraldraftsofthethirdMultiannualEnergyPlan(ProgrammationPluriannuelledel’Energie–PPE3)circulatedduringtheyear,withprogressivelylessambitioustargetsforphotovoltaics.ThePPE3wasfinallypublishedinFebruary2026,afterathree-yeardelay.Itsetatargetof48GWACofinstalledphotovoltaiccapacityby2030and55–80GWACby2035.

7

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

2INSTALLATIONDATA

ThePVpowersystemsmarketisdefinedasthemarketofallnationallyinstalled(terrestrial)PVapplicationswithaPVcapacityof40Wormore.APVsystemconsistsofmodules,inverters,batteriesandallinstallationandcontrolcomponentsformodules,invertersandbatteries.Otherapplicationssuchassmallmobiledevicesarenotconsideredinthisreport.

Forthepurposesofthisreport,PVinstallationsareincludedinthe2025statisticsifthePVmoduleswereinstalledandconnectedtothegridbetween1Januaryand31December2025,althoughcommissioningmayhavetakenplaceatalaterdate.

Datacollectionincludesinformationonstoragecapacity,andtheinjectiontypeisnowcollectedbyEnedis(totalorpartialself-consumption,fullgenerationsales).

OfficialstatisticsreporttheACpowerofphotovoltaicfields,despiteeligibilityforFeed-inTariffsandTendersupportmechanismsbeingindicatedinpeakDCpowerthresholds.ItmaybeusefulforthereadertoknowthattheaveragegenerationacrossFranceis1100kWh/kW.SystemsinstalledinthesouthernhalfofmainlandFrancewillgeneratemore,upto1550kWh/kWp,andinoverseasterritoriesuptoandover1700kWh/kWp.Forthepurposesofthisreport,allACdatahasbeenconvertedtoDCpower,withastandardratioof1,2(ACtoDC)unlessotherwisespecified.Intheparticularsegmentofutilityscalesystems,somedataisavailableonbothDCandACpowerandthereportedDCpowerhasbeenused.

2.1ApplicationsforPhotovoltaics

ThemajorityofphotovoltaicapplicationsinFrancein2025aregrid-connected:

•Residential(houseandmulti-apartment)systems.Thesesystemstendtorangefromoneortwomoduleswithself-consumptionthroughtostandard3kW,6kWor9kWsystems.Aroundhalfofthecurrenttotalcapacitywasinstalledduringthe2009/2011”boom”andisbuildingintegrated–however,since2017,newcapacityisonlybuildingappliedPV;

•Commercial,agriculturalorindustrialsystemsonbuildings(36kWto250kWACoraround300kWDC).Asmallproportion(3%oftotalnewcapacity)aresystemsbetween9kWand36kW,generallyonpublicbuildingssuchastownhalls,primaryschoolsortechnicalservicesbuildings;

•Industrialbuildingmountedorparkingcanopysystems(250kWto1MW);

•Utilityscalegroundmountedsystems(over1MW).

Smallbutgrowingsegmentsincludemicro(balcony)kits,agrivoltaicsandfloatingPV.

Averysmallamountofoffgridsystemshasbeeninstalledinoverseasterritories(Guiana,etc.)orinmainlandmountainousareasbutthereisnosurveyaboutthatkindofsystems.

8

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

2.2Totalphotovoltaicpowerinstalled

•Centralised:anyPVinstallationwhichonlyinjectselectricityandisnotassociatedwithaconsumer(noself-consumption)over1MW;

•Decentralised:anyPVinstallationwhichisembeddedintoacustomer’spremises(eitherwithorwithoutself-consumption)under1MW.

CumulativePVinstalledcapacityasoftheendof2025reached31323MW(ACorinverterpower)orroughly37.6GWDC(modulepower).

Datacollectionprocess

DatasuppliedbyalltransmissionanddistributiongridmanagersisaggregatedandpublishedbytheSDES:ServicedelaDonnéeetdesEtudesStatistiques,MinistryfortheEcologicalandInclusiveTransition.Dataissegmentedbysystemssize(<3kW,<9kW,<36kW,<100kW,<250kW,<500kWandabove500kW).Thedatais5%accurate.

CapacitydatapublishedbytheSDESandintheNationalregisterofelectricitygenerationandstoragefacilitiesisgivenastheACpowerofsystems.ThemainDSOEnedisdoesnotspecifyifthedataisDCorAC,butitdoestendtocorrespondtoACpower,withthecapacityoftotalself-consumptionsystemsbeingunknown.IfthedifferencebetweentheDCandACreportedpowerinthepastwasnotconsequent,thedivergenceisnowincreasing,particularlyconsideringthecurrentworld-widetrendtoincreasetheDC/AC(modulepowertoinverterpower)ratio.Seeintroductorynotesontheconversionfactors.

Forthepurposesofthisreport,wehaveconsideredthefollowinghypothesesfordatacollectedin2025:

Gridconnecteddistributed(decentralised)systems:

•Residential:upto9kW-nodatawasavailableconcerningthesplitBIPV/BAPVfornewsystemsfrom2017to2022,theBIPVvolumeswiththebonusFeed-intariffsarepresumedtobethemaximumallowedvolumesinthefeedintariffsfor2022and2023butdonotincludebespokeBIPV;

•Commercial:allsystems9kWto250kWareCommercialBAPV(BuildingAppliedPhotovoltaics).

Gridconnectedcentralisedgroundmountedsystems:

•Industrial:allsystemsfrom250kWto1MWareIndustrialorGround-mounted.ThesplitbetweenBuilding-mountedandGround-mountedisextrapolatedfromgridconnectiondatapublishedbytheNationalregisterofelectricitygenerationandstoragefacilities;

•Utilityscalesystems:allsystemsover1MWareUtilityscalesystems.Forfloatingsystems,installedcapacitydataarederivedfromObserv’ER’sannualPVatlas,whileagrivoltaiccapacitydataarederivedfromtheAgrivoltaicsObservatoryoperatedbyADEME.

Off-gridPVpowersystems:Thereisnoofficialdatacollectionprocessforoff-gridsystemsinFrance;anydatapresentedarebest-of-knowledgeestimates.

9

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

Table1:AnnualPVpowerinstalledduringcalendaryear2025

InstalledPVcapacityin2025[MWDC]

Decentralised

5010

Centralised

2351

Off-grid

Total

7361

Sources:SDES,Observ’ERPVatlas,Nationalregisterofelectricitygenerationandstoragefacilities,AgrivoltaicsObservatory.SplitisestimatedbyObserv’ER

Table2:PVpowerinstalledduringcalendaryear2025

InstalledPVcapacity

[MWDC]

InstalledPVcapacity

[MWDC]

Grid-

connected

BAPV

Residential

5010

884

Commercial

3926

Industrial

199

BIPV

Residential

Nottracked

Commercial

Industrial

Utility-scale

Ground-

mounted

2351

2239

Floating

89

Agricultural

23

Off-grid

Residential

Nottracked

Other

Hybridsystems

Total

7361

Sources:SDES,Observ’ERPVatlas,Nationalregisterofelectricitygenerationandstoragefacilities(Opendataréseauxénergies-ODRÉ),AgrivoltaicsObservatory.SplitisestimatedbyObserv’ER

10

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

Table3:Datacollectionprocess

IfdataarereportedinAC,pleasementionaconversioncoefficienttoestimateDCinstallations.

AllpowerdataisgiveninACpower.Theconversioncoefficientis1.2.Forsystems>1MW,theconversioncoefficientis1.20basedonsurveyofsystemscommissionedin2025.

Isthecollectionprocessdonebyanofficialbodyoraprivatecompany/Association?

DatasuppliedbyalltransmissionanddistributiongridmanagersisaggregatedandpublishedbytheServicedeladonnéeetdesétudesstatistiques,CommissariatauDéveloppementDurable,theMinistryfortheEcologicalandInclusiveTransition.Enedis(nationalDSO)publishessegmenteddata.Authorhasfurthersegmenteddataasrequired.

Linktoofficialstatistics(ifthisexists)

https://www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/les-

energies-renouvelables?rubrique=21

Dataquality

Dataisofgoodquality,howeverprovisional,andmayberevisedasgridoperatorsprovideadditionalinformation.

Somedivergenceincapacityvolumesmayexistdependingonthesegmentsrepresented;theerrorsourcemayberelatedtoreportingdates,provisionaldataand/orcollectionmethods.

HistoricaldatamaybeinDC.

Table4:ThecumulativeinstalledPVpowerin4sub-markets

Year

Off-grid[MW]

(includinglarge

hybrids)

Grid-connected

distributed[MW]

(BAPV,BIPV)

Grid-connected

centralized[MW]

(Ground,floating,

agricultural…)

Total[MW]

2011

29.4

2690

842

3562

2012

29.6

3662

1214

4906

2013

29.7

4145

1517

5691

2014

29.75

4756

2051

6836

2015

30.15

5108

2782

7920

2016

30.15

5488

3118

8635

2017

30.15

5982

3701

9713

2018

30.15

6410

4315

10756

2019

30.15

6955

4945

11931

2020

30.15

7571

5497

13513

2021

30.15

8873

7865

16960

2022

/

11211

8388

20610

2023

/

12188

12387

24576

2024

/

16638

13835

30478

2025

/

21613

15976

37589

11

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

Table5:OtherPVmarketinformation

2025

PeakPower

range

Installations

(number)

Power[MWAC]

Power[MWDC]

NumberofPV

systemsinoperation

inFrance

0–3kW

694042

1740

2088

3kW–9kW

509888

2899

3479

9kW–36kW

56068

1274

1529

36kW–100kW

46993

4031

4837

100kW–250kW

35577

7011

8413

250kW–500kW

1261

505

606

>500kW

3404

13864

16637

Total

1347233

31323

37589

Decommissioned

PVsystemsduring

theyear[MW]

Nottracked.NodataavailableondecommissionedPVcapacityin2025.

RepoweredPV

systemsduringthe

year[MW]

10-100MW.Currentlynoofficialreportingofrepoweredvolumesispublished

Unregistered

capacity

Unregisteredcapacitymayconcernmicro(balcony)systems.

Sources:SDES,Observ’ERPVatlas,Nationalregisterofelectricitygenerationandstoragefacilities(Opendataréseauxénergies-ODRÉ),AgrivoltaicsObservatory.SplitisestimatedbyObserv’ER

12

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

Table6:PVpowerandthebroadernationalenergymarket

2024

2025

Totalpowergenerationcapacities

[GW]

Total:155.5GWofwhich

•Nuclear:61.4GW

•Fossilfuel:17.4GW

•RES:76.7GW(seebelow)

Total:164.5GWofwhich

•Nuclear:63.0GW

•Fossilfuel:17.3GW

•RES:84.2GW(seebelow)

Totalrenewablepowergenerationcapacities(includinghydropower)

[GW]

•PV*:24.3GW

•Hydro:25.7GW

•Wind:24.3GW

•OtherRES:2.3GW

•PV*:30.4GW

•Hydro:25.7GW

•Wind:25.8GW

•OtherRES:2.3GW

Totalelectricitydemand[TWh]

449.2TWh(grossvalue)

451.2TWh(grossvalue)

Newpowergenerationcapacitiesinstalled[GW]

Total:4.8GWofwhich

•Gas:0GW

•Coal:0GW

•Diesel:0GW

•Nuclear:0GW

PVandotherRES:+6.7GW

(seebelow)

Total:8.7GWofwhich•Gas:-0.2GW •Coal:0GW

•Diesel:0GW

•Nuclear:+1.6GW

PVandotherRES:+7.2GW

(seebelow)

Newrenewablepowergenerationcapacities(includinghydropower)

[GW]

•PV*:+5GW

•Wind:+1.7GW

•Hydro:+0.00GW•OtherRES:<0.1GW

•PV*:+5.9GW

•Wind:+1.3GW

•Hydro:+0.00GW

•OtherRES:<0.1GW

EstimatedtotalPVelectricity

production(includingself-

consumedPVelectricity)in[GWh]

24800GWh

32900GWh

TotalPVelectricityproductionasa%oftotalelectricityconsumption

5.52%

7.29%

AverageyieldofPVinstallations

(inkWh/kWp)

1100kWh/kWp

1100kWh/kWp

Sources:Annualelectricityreview,(RTE,2024),Annualelectricityreview(RTE,2025)

*DatainthistableisprovidedbyRTEandprovisionalPVareACpoweronly

13

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

2.3KeyenablersofPVdevelopment

Table7:Informationonkeyenablers.

Description

AnnualVolume

TotalVolume

Source

Decentralizedstorage

systems

Systemswith

conformity

declaration

18732(Mainland)

3870(Overseas

Territories)

140MW(end.

2025)

ConsuelAnnual

Report2025

Annualelectricity

review(RTE,2025)

Residential

HeatPumps[Number]

air/air+geothermal+air/water

759500+3140+

181750=944390

Oberv’ER2025marketsurvey

100%Electriccars

[Number]

363130

1663365

AVEREBilan2025

Plug-inHybridElectric

Vehicles[Number]

113221

852749

AVEREBilan2025

14

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

3COMPETITIVENESSOFPVELECTRICITY

3.1Moduleprices

Table8:Typicalmoduleprices

Year

Typicalpriceofastandardmodulecrystallinesilicon*

EUR/Wp

2022

2023

2024

2025

Averagemodule(alltechnologies)

price

0.25–0.4

0.15–0.3

0.09-0.22

0.07-0.14

Source:pvXchange

*VATnotincluded

Modulepricesstabilisedathistoricallylowlevelsin2025.ThedownwardpressureonpriceswasmainlydrivenbyproductioncapacityinChinacontinuingtoexceedmarketdemand.Inresponsetothissituation,severalChinesephotovoltaicmanufacturersagreedattheendof2024tolimitproduction,especiallyinthewafersegment.Theaimwastoreduceoversupplyandstopthesharpdeclineinpricesobservedin2023and2024.Productioncutsandtemporaryfactoryshutdownsreducedmoduleavailabilityinearly2025,particularlyforhigh-efficiencyproducts.Asaresult,pricesincreasedslightlyduringthefirsthalfoftheyear.However,thesemeasuresprovedinsufficienttoaddressthestructuralovercapacityissue.Assupplyincreasedagain,competitionbetweenmanufacturerscontinuedtoputdownwardpressureonpricesduringthesecondhalfoftheyear.

15

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

3.2Systemprices

Table9:TurnkeyPVsystemprices*ofdifferenttypicalPVsystems

Category/Size

Typicalapplicationsandbriefdetails

Currentprices

[EUR/W]

ResidentialBAPV<3kW

Grid-connected,roof-mounted,distributedPVsystemsinstalledtoproduceelectricitytogrid-connectedhouseholds.Typicallyroof-mountedsystemsonvillasandsingle-familyhomes.Equipmentandlabour.

2

(1.7–2.3)

ResidentialBAPV3-10kW

Grid-connected,roof-mounted,distributedPVsystemsinstalledtoproduceelectricitytogrid-connectedhouseholds.Typicallyroof-mountedsystemsonvillasandsingle-familyhomes.Equipmentandlabour.

1.74

(1.2–2.1)

Smallcommercial

BAPV

10-100kW

Grid-connected,roof-mounted,distributedPVsystemsinstalledtoproduceelectricitytogrid-connectedcommercialbuildings,suchaspublicbuildings,multi-familyhouses,agriculturebarns,grocerystoresetc.

1.0

(0.62–1.4)

LargecommercialBAPV

100-250kW

Grid-connected,roof-mounted,distributedPVsystemsinstalledtoproduceelectricitytogrid-connectedlargecommercialbuildings,suchaspublicbuildings,multi-familyhouses,agriculturebarns,grocerystoresetc.

0.85

(0.75–1.2)

IndustrialBAPV>250kW

Grid-connected,roof-mounted,distributedPVsystemsinstalledtoproduceelectricitytogrid-connectedindustrialbuildings,warehouses,etc.

0.8

(0.75–1.0)

SmallcentralizedPV1-20MW

Grid-connected,ground-mounted,centralizedPVsystemsthatworkascentralpowerstation.Theelectricitygeneratedinthistypeoffacilityisnottiedtoaspecificcustomerandthepurposeistoproduceelectricityforsale.

0.75

Other

Parkingcanopydistributed>250kW

1.0–1.25

Source:estimationObserv’ERbasedonlimitedmarketsurveys.SpecialthanksareduetoEnerplanfortheirsupport

*VATnotincluded

16

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

Table10:Nationaltrendsinsystemprices*fordifferentapplications

Year

ResidentialBAPV

Grid-connected,

roof-mounted,

distributedPV

system

5-10kW

[EUR/W]

Smallcommercial

BAPV

Grid-connected,

roof-mounted,

distributedPV

systems

10-100kW

[EUR/W]

LargecommercialBAPV

Grid-connected,

roof-mounted,

distributedPV

systems

100-500kW

[EUR/W]

CentralizedPV

Grid-connected,

ground-mounted,

centralizedPV

systems

10-50MW

[EUR/W]

2007

8.4

7.8

6.3

2008

8.2

7.6

6.2

2009

6.9

6.4

5.2

2010

5.9

5.5

4.5

2011

3.9

2.6

2

2012

3.7

2

1.6

2013

2.7

2

1.3

2014

2.6

2

1.3

2015

2.5

1.9

1.2

2016

2.41

1.58

1.1

2017

2.2

1.2

0.9-1.1

2018

2.2

1.2

0.7-0.9

2019

2

1.2

1.2

0.65–0.85

2020

1.9

1.1

0.9

0.65–0.85

2021

1.7–2.5

0.6–1.7

0.7–1.1

0.5–0.9

2022

2.2(1.2–3)

1.1(0.8–1.3)

0.7–0.9

0.65–0.95

2023

2.5(1.3–2.9)

1.2(0.9–1.5)

0.7–0.9

0.65–0.95

2024

2.3(1.1–2.4)

0.8(0.65-1.6)

0.6–1.1

0.6(0.4–0.85)

2025

1.55(1.2–1.65)

1.0(0.62–1.4)

0.85(0.75–1.2)

0.72

Sources:PreviousIEANSR-FRreports,Observ’ER,limitedmarketsurveysbyObserv’ER.

SpecialthanksareduetoEnerplanfortheirsupport.

*VATnotincluded

Note:ThetableincludesBIPV-IAB**systemsupto3kWuntil2012,BIPV-IABsystemsupto9kWfrom2013to2016andBAPVsystemsupto9kWsince2017.Therangeofpeakpowerforlargecommercialsystemshasbeenincreasedfrom100–250to100–500toreflectchangingmarketconditions.

**IAB:completelybuildingintegrated;ISB:simplifiedbuildingintegration;BAPVbuildingapplied/rooftopsystems.

17

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

3.3CostbreakdownofPVinstallations

Table11:Costbreakdownforagrid-connectedroof-mounted,distributedresidentialPVsystemof5-10kW

Costcategory

Average

[EUR/W]

Hardware

Module

0.54

Inverter

0.4

Mountingmaterial

0.11

Otherelectronics(cables,etc.)

SubtotalHardware

1.05

Softcosts

Planning

0.5

Installationwork

Shippingandtravelexpensestocustomer

Permitsandcommissioning(i.e.costforelectrician,etc.)

Projectmargin

SubtotalSoftcosts

0.5

Total(excludingVAT)

1.55

AverageVAT

20%

Total(includingVAT)

1.86

Source:Limitedmarketsurveys(Observ’ER).

18

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinFrance2025

Table12:Costbreakdownforagrid-connected,ground-mounted,