2022考研全国统考英语一模拟试卷（考点速记版）

2022考研全国统考英语一模拟试卷（考点速记版）完形填空（共20空，每空0.5分，共10分）阅读下面的文章，各段中均有空白处，每处空白需填入一个单词。请根据文章内容填入最恰当的单词。答案填在答题卡相应位置。Theriseofsocialmediahasfundamentallyreshapedhowweconsumeandshareinformation,creatingbothunprecedentedopportunitiesandsignificantchallengesformoderncommunication.Ononehand,platformslikeTwitterandInstagramhavedemocratizedaccesstoinformation,allowingindividualstodisseminateideastovastaudienceswithminimalcost.Ontheotherhand,therapidspreadofmisinformationandthepolarizationofpublicdiscoursehaveraisedseriousconcernsaboutthesustainabilityofthesenetworks.ArecentstudybyresearchersatStanfordUniversityexaminedtheeffectsofsocialmediaonpoliticalpolarizationintheUnitedStates.Thefindingsrevealthatexposuretoideologicallyhomogeneouscontent—whetherfromalgorithmiccurationordeliberateuserselection—tendstoreinforceexistingbeliefsandreduceexposuretoopposingviewpoints.Thisphenomenon,termed"echochambers,"canexacerbatesocietaldivisionsbylimitingcross-ideologicaldialogue.Thestudyalsohighlightedtheroleofemotionalcontagioninshapingonlinebehavior.Postsladenwithstrongemotionalappeals,suchasangeroroutrage,tendtoreceivehigherengagementrates,creatingafeedbackloopthatprioritizessensationaloversubstantivecontent.Thisdynamicoftenleadstothemarginalizationofnuanceddiscussions,asusersgravitatetowardcontentthatalignswiththeirpre-existingsentiments.Tomitigatetheseissues,severalinterventionshavebeenproposed.Oneapproachinvolvestheimplementationof"truthlabels"onpotentiallymisleadingposts,whichprovidebriefexplanationsoffactualinaccuracies.Anotherstrategyisthepromotionof"counter-signal"algorithmsthatdeliberatelyexposeuserstodiverseperspectives.However,thesesolutionsarenotwithouttheirowndrawbacks,astheyriskeitheralienatingusersorcreatingperceptionsofbias.Ultimately,thechallengeliesinbalancingthedecentralizednatureofsocialmediawiththeneedforinformedandinclusivediscourse.Asplatformscontinuetoevolve,thequestionofwhethertheycanbereformedtoservethepublicinterestremainsopen.Withoutmeaningfuladjustments,therisksoffurtherfragmentationinonlinecommunitiesmayoutweighthebenefitsofconnectivity.1.Theword"fundamentally"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.superficiallyB.significantlyC.temporarilyD.predictably2.Accordingtothestudy,"echochambers"areformedprimarilydueto______.A.technicallimitationsofsocialmediaplatformsB.users'deliberateavoidanceofopposingviewsC.thealgorithms'inabilitytoprocessdiversecontentD.governmentregulationsoninformationsharing3.Thephrase"emotionalcontagion"inthethirdparagraphrefersto______.A.thespreadoffactualerrorsthroughsocialmediaB.thetendencyofuserstoadoptothers'emotionsC.thedeclineinuserengagementovertimeD.themanipulationofpublicopinionbyinfluencers4."Truthlabels"areproposedasasolutionto______.A.increaseuserengagementonsocialmediaB.reducethespreadofmisinformationC.improvethealgorithms'accuracyD.promotecommercialadvertising5.Theword"fragmentation"inthefinalparagraphmostcloselymeans______.A.unificationB.diversityC.divisionD.expansion6.Theauthorsuggeststhatthechallengeofsocialmedialiesin______.A.balancingdecentralizationwithinclusivityB.maximizinguserengagementC.eliminatingemotionalappealsD.centralizingcontentcontrol7.ThestudybyStanfordresearchersindicatesthatpoliticalpolarizationis______.A.unrelatedtosocialmediauseB.primarilycausedbygovernmentpoliciesC.influencedbyhomogeneouscontentexposureD.reducedbyalgorithmicdiversity8.Theword"substantive"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.trivialB.meaningfulC.emotionalD.technical9.Thephrase"counter-signal"algorithmsrefersto______.A.algorithmsthatsuppressuseractivityB.algorithmsthatpromotediversecontentC.algorithmsdesignedforcommercialpurposesD.algorithmsthatdetectemotionalappeals10.Theauthorimpliesthatsocialmediaplatforms______.A.areinherentlybiasedagainstcertainviewpointsB.cannotbereformedtoservepublicinterestsC.havethepotentialtofosterinclusivediscourseD.prioritizesensationalcontentoverfactualaccuracy11.Thepassagesuggeststhatthespreadofmisinformationis______.A.inevitableinanydigitalplatformB.primarilytheresultofusernegligenceC.lessprevalentonregulatedplatformsD.effectivelycombatedbyemotionalappeals12.Theword"exacerbate"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.alleviateB.intensifyC.minimizeD.stabilize13.Thephrase"sensationaloversubstantive"inthethirdparagraphindicatesthat______.A.userspreferemotionalcontenttofactualcontentB.platformsprioritizecommercialcontentovereducationalcontentC.algorithmsfavorengagingcontentoverinformativecontentD.misinformationismorespreadablethantruth14.Theword"mitigate"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.worsenB.addressC.ignoreD.expand15.Thepassageimpliesthat"truthlabels"______.A.arealwayseffectiveinreducingmisinformationB.maybeperceivedasbiasedbysomeusersC.areunnecessaryforinformeddiscourseD.primarilybenefitcommercialentities16.Theword"decentralized"inthefinalparagraphrefersto______.A.thedistributionofpoweramongusersB.thecentralizedcontrolofcontentC.thelackofregulationonplatformsD.theuniformityofuserbehavior17.Thepassagesuggeststhattheevolutionofsocialmediaplatforms______.A.hasnoimpactonpublicdiscourseB.isunlikelytoaddressfragmentationC.mayleadtomoreinclusivecommunitiesD.isprimarilydrivenbycommercialinterests18.Thephrase"meaningfuladjustments"inthefinalparagraphrefersto______.A.increasinggovernmentoversightB.alteringplatformalgorithmsC.reducinguserengagementD.eliminatingemotionalcontent19.Theword"fragmentation"inthefinalparagraphisusedtodescribe______.A.thegrowthofonlinecommunitiesB.thedivisionofpublicopinionC.thediversificationofcontentD.theexpansionofsocialmediaplatforms20.Thepassageasawholearguesthat______.A.socialmediaplatformsareinherentlyflawedB.thechallengesofsocialmediacanbeovercomeC.usersareresponsibleformisinformationD.emotionalappealsareunnecessaryinonlinediscourse阅读理解A节（共20题，每题2分，共40分）阅读下面的4篇完形填空文章，每篇后面均有关键信息或句子，请根据文章内容选择最恰当的选项。答案填在答题卡相应位置。Passage1Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedwidespreaddebatesaboutitssocietalimplications,particularlyintherealmofemployment.ProponentsarguethatAIwillcreatenewjobopportunities,suchasAIsystemdevelopersanddatascientists,whilecriticswarnofpotentialjobdisplacementinsectorslikemanufacturingandcustomerservice.A2021reportbytheWorldEconomicForumestimatedthatwhileAIcouldautomate85millionjobsgloballyby2025,itcouldalsogenerate97millionnewroles.Thekey,accordingtothereport,liesinreskillingandupskillingtheworkforcetoadapttothechangingjobmarket.1.Theword"sparked"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.ignitedB.suppressedC.analyzedD.ignored2.Accordingtoproponents,AIwill______.A.eliminatemostjobsgloballyB.createnewjobopportunitiesC.replacehumanlaborentirelyD.reducewagessignificantly3.Thephrase"reskillingandupskilling"inthesecondparagraphrefersto______.A.reducingthenumberofworkersB.trainingworkersfornewrolesC.automatingjobtasksD.outsourcinglabortoothercountries4.Theword"realm"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.fieldB.problemC.technologyD.industry5.ThereportbytheWorldEconomicForumsuggeststhatAIwill______.A.createmorejobsthanitdisplacesB.eliminatemorejobsthanitcreatesC.havenoimpactonemploymentD.primarilyaffecthigh-skilledworkersPassage2Climatechangehasemergedasoneofthemostpressingchallengesofthe21stcentury,withitsimpactsrangingfromrisingsealevelstoincreasedfrequencyofextremeweatherevents.ArecentstudypublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChangeprojectedthatifcurrenttrendscontinue,globaltemperaturescouldriseby3degreesCelsiusby2100,farexceedingthe2-degreethresholdconsideredsafebyscientists.Thestudyalsohighlightedthedisproportionateimpactofclimatechangeondevelopingcountries,whichcontributetheleasttoglobalemissionsbutsufferthemostfromitsconsequences.6.Theword"pressing"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.minorB.urgentC.gradualD.predictable7.Accordingtothestudy,thesafetemperatureincreasethresholdis______.A.3degreesCelsiusB.2degreesCelsiusC.1degreeCelsiusD.0degreesCelsius8.Thephrase"disproportionateimpact"inthesecondparagraphrefersto______.A.theequaldistributionofclimateeffectsB.theunevendistributionofclimateeffectsC.theminimalimpactofclimatechangeondevelopingcountriesD.thelackofclimatechangeindevelopingcountries9.Theword"consequences"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.causesB.effectsC.solutionsD.prevention10.ThestudypublishedinNatureClimateChangesuggeststhatglobaltemperatureswill______.A.stabilizeby2100B.riseby1degreeCelsiusby2100C.riseby2degreesCelsiusby2100D.riseby3degreesCelsiusby2100Passage3TheCOVID-19pandemichashadaprofoundimpactoneducation,forcingschoolsanduniversitiestoadoptremotelearningmodelsatunprecedentedspeeds.AsurveyconductedbytheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)foundthatover1.5billionstudentsworldwidewereaffectedbyschoolclosures,withthemostvulnerablestudentssufferingthegreatestdisruptions.Thesurveyalsohighlightedthedigitaldivide,asstudentsinlow-incomecountrieshadlimitedaccesstothetechnologyandinternetconnectivityneededforonlinelearning.11.Theword"profound"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.superficialB.temporaryC.significantD.predictable12.AccordingtoUNESCO,howmanystudentsworldwidewereaffectedbyschoolclosures?A.1.5billionB.500millionC.750millionD.1billion13.Thephrase"digitaldivide"inthesecondparagraphrefersto______.A.theequaldistributionoftechnologyamongstudentsB.theunequalaccesstotechnologyamongstudentsC.thelackoftechnologyinschoolsD.theinefficiencyofonlinelearning14.Theword"vulnerable"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.resilientB.disadvantagedC.privilegedD.educated15.ThesurveybyUNESCOsuggeststhatthemostvulnerablestudents______.A.werenotaffectedbyschoolclosuresB.hadthebestaccesstoonlinelearningC.sufferedthegreatestdisruptionsD.wereprimarilyfromhigh-incomecountriesPassage4Theglobalizationofthefoodindustryhasledtoincreasedconcernsaboutfoodsafetyandsustainability.A2020reportbytheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)estimatedthatover820millionpeopleworldwidewereundernourished,despitetheglobalfoodsupplybeingmorethansufficienttofeedthepopulation.Thereportattributedthisdisparitytoissuessuchasfoodwaste,poordistribution,andeconomicinequality.Thereportalsocalledforgreaterinvestmentinsustainableagriculturalpracticestoensurefoodsecurityforfuturegenerations.16.Theword"globalization"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.regionalizationB.localizationC.internationalizationD.nationalization17.AccordingtotheFAOreport,howmanypeopleworldwidewereundernourishedin2020?A.820millionB.420millionC.620millionD.1020million18.Thephrase"foodwaste"inthesecondparagraphrefersto______.A.theproductionofinsufficientfoodB.theoverproductionoffoodC.theinefficiencyinfoodstorageD.thelackoffooddistribution19.Theword"disparity"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.equalityB.similarityC.differenceD.abundance20.TheFAOreportsuggeststhatsustainableagriculturalpracticescan______.A.reducefoodproductionB.increasefoodwasteC.ensurefoodsecurityD.eliminateeconomicinequality阅读理解B节（共5题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面的文章，其中有5处空白，每处空白需填入一个单词。请根据文章内容填入最恰当的单词。答案填在答题卡相应位置。Theincreasingrelianceonrenewableenergysourceshasbecomeacornerstoneofglobalenvironmentalpolicy.Solarandwindenergy,inparticular,havegainedsignificanttractionduetotheirlowoperationalcostsandminimalenvironmentalimpact.However,theintermittentnatureofthesesourcespresentsamajorchallengeforgridstability.Toaddressthisissue,researchershavebeenexploringvariousstoragesolutions,suchasbatterytechnologyandpumpedhydrostorage.Batterystorage,forinstance,hasseenrapidadvancementsinrecentyears,withcostsdecliningbyover80%since2008.AstudybytheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)foundthatbatterystoragecouldplayacrucialroleinintegratingrenewableenergyintothegrid,particularlyinregionswithhighrenewablepenetration.However,theenvironmentalimpactofbatteryproduction,particularlytheuseoflithiumandcobalt,remainsaconcern.Pumpedhydrostorage,anotherpromisingsolution,involvesusingexcessenergytopumpwatertoahigherelevation,whichcanthenbereleasedthroughturbinestogenerateelectricitywhendemandishigh.TheUnitedStates,forexample,hasthelargestpumpedhydrostoragecapacityintheworld,withover90%ofitsrenewableenergystoragecapacityrelyingonthistechnology.However,theconstructionofnewpumpedhydrofacilitiesislimitedbygeographicalconstraints.Despitethesechallenges,thetransitiontorenewableenergyisinevitable.TheIEAprojectsthatrenewableenergywillaccountforover80%ofglobalelectricitygenerationby2050.Thekeytosuccessliesininnovationandcollaborationacrosstheenergysector.Astechnologyadvancesandcostscontinuetodecline,theintegrationofrenewableenergyintothegridwillbecomeincreasinglyfeasible.21.Theword"cornerstone"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.foundationB.supplementC.alternativeD.replacement22.Thephrase"intermittentnature"inthesecondparagraphrefersto______.A.thecontinuousavailabilityofenergyB.theperiodicavailabilityofenergyC.thehighcostofenergyD.theenvironmentalimpactofenergy23.Theword"traction"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.declineB.popularityC.inefficiencyD.rejection24.Theword"feasible"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.difficultB.impossibleC.possibleD.unlikely25.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetransitiontorenewableenergy______.A.willbecompletedby2025B.isunlikelytosucceedwithoutinnovationC.willprimarilyrelyonbatterystorageD.willnotimpactglobalelectricitygeneration翻译（共5句，共10分）阅读下面的文章，将划线句子翻译成中文。翻译准确、流畅，符合中文表达习惯。答案写在答题卡相应位置。Therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligencehasraisedethicalconcernsaboutitspotentialmisuse.Forinstance,AI-powereddronescouldbeusedforsurveillanceoreventargetedattacks,whileautonomousweaponssystemsraisequestionsaboutaccountability.A2021reportbytheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross(ICRC)highlightedtheneedforinternationalregulationstopreventtheescalationofAIinwarfare.ThereportalsocalledforgreatertransparencyinAIdevelopmenttoensurethatthetechnologyisusedresponsibly.26.Therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligencehasraisedethicalconcernsaboutitspotentialmisuse.27.Forinstance,AI-powereddronescouldbeusedforsurveillanceoreventargetedattacks.28.Whileautonomousweaponssystemsraisequestionsaboutaccountability.29.A2021reportbytheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross(ICRC)highlightedtheneedforinternationalregulationstopreventtheescalationofAIinwarfare.30.ThereportalsocalledforgreatertransparencyinAIdevelopmenttoensurethatthetechnologyisusedresponsibly.写作A节（应用文，共10分）假设你是一名大学生，需要给学校图书馆写一封邮件，申请暑期实习机会。邮件内容应包括以下要点：1.自我介绍及申请原因；2.说明你希望实习的岗位和时间段；3.请求图书馆提供更多信息。写作B节（短文，共20分）题目：TheImpactofSocialMediaonSociety二、标准答案及解析完形填空1.B2.B3.B4.A5.C6.A7.C8.B9.B10.D2.A12.B13.C14.B15.B16.A17.C18.B19.B20.D解析3."fundamentally"意为“根本地”，B项"significantly"意为“显著地”，最接近。4."echochambers"由算法和用户选择导致，B项正确。5."emotionalcontagion"指情绪传播，B项正确。6."truthlabels"解决信息错误问题，B项正确。7."fragmentation"指社会分裂，C项正确。...（其余题目解析省略，格式同上）阅读理解A节8.A2.B3.B4.A5.A9.B7.B8.B9.B10.D10.C12.A13.B14.B15.C11.C17.A18.B19.C20.C解析12."sparked"意为“引发”，A项"ignited"意为“点燃”，最接近。13.支持者认为AI创造新工作，B项正确。14."reskillingandupskilling"指培训工人，B项正确。...（其余题目解析省略，格式同上）阅读理解B节15.A22.B23.B24.C25.B解析16."cornerstone"意为“基石”，A项"foundation"意为“基础”，最接近。17."intermittentnature"指间歇性，B项"periodicavailability"意为“周期性可用”，最接近。...（其余题目解析省略，格式同上）翻译18.人工智能的快速发展引发了对其潜在滥用的道德担忧。19.例如，人工智能驱动的无人机可能被用于监视甚至精确打击。20.自动武器系统引发了关于责任归属的问题。21.2021年，国际红十字会（ICRC）的一份报告强调了制定国际法规以防止人工智能在战争中升级的必要性。22.该报告还呼吁在人工智能开发中提高透明度，以确保该技术得到负责任的使用。写作A节DearLibraryStaff,IamaseniorstudentmajoringinLibraryScienceat[UniversityName].Iamwritingtoexpressmyinterestinasummerinternshippositionatyourlibrary.Ihavealwaysbeenpassionateaboutlibraryworkandbelievethataninternshipwouldprovidemewithvaluablehands-onexperienceinmanagingandorganizingcollections.IwouldliketoapplyforthelibraryassistantpositionavailablefromJunetoAugust.Thisinternshipwouldallowmetoapplymyknowledgeofinformationmanagementandgainpracticalskillsincataloging,referenceservices,andusersupport.Additionally,Iwouldappreciatetheopportunitytolearnmoreaboutthedigitalinitiativesyourlibraryisundertaking.Couldyoupleaseprovidemewithmoredetailsabouttheresponsibilitiesofthispositionandtheapplicationprocess?Iameagertocontributetoyourteamandamconfidentthatmyskillsandenthusiasmwouldmakemeagreatassettoyourlibrary.Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.Ilookforwardtoyourresponse.Sincerely,[YourName][YourContactInformation]写作B节TheImpactofSocialMediaonSocietyInrecentyears,socialmediahasbecomeanintegralpartofmodernlife,profoundlyinfluencinghowwecommunicate,consumeinformation,andinteractwiththeworldaroundus.Whilesocialmediaoffersnumerousbenefits,suchasfacilitatingconnectivityandenablingtherapid